Scheduled Revenue Flight

Survivors:

Site:

Landing (descent or approach)

Schedule:

San Luis - Buenos Aires

MSN:

20408

YOM:

1970

Flight number:

AR8524

Location:

San Luis

Country:

Argentina

Region:

South America

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

107

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Circumstances:

The landing at San Luis Airport was relatively heavy so the copilot requested ground personnel to check the undercarriage before departure, and nothing abnormal was reported. During the takeoff roll, just before the aircraft reached V1 speed, the tyre n°4 burst while the tyre n°3 lost pressure. The captain decided to abort the takeoff maneuver and initiated an emergency braking procedure. Unable to stop within the remaining distance, the aircraft overran, lost its undercarriage and came to rest 125 metres further, bursting into flames. All 113 occupants evacuated safely while the aircraft was destroyed by a post crash fire. It was reported the aircraft landed hard at San Luis Airport at 2046LT and took off at 2110LT, giving a gap of 24 minutes between landing and takeoff.

Probable cause:

Aborted takeoff and subsequent overran and destruction of the aircraft following the failure of both tyres on the right main gear during takeoff. The following contributing factors were reported:
- The flight schedule with reduced time scales and short 'stopover' failed to allow the necessary cooling of wheels and brakes, giving rise to the deflation and subsequent destruction of the tyre n°4 and the explosion and destruction of the tyre n°3,
- Limited braking action on the landing gear assembly,
- Partial knowledge and ignorance of the times and procedures for cooling the wheels by the pilots,
- Delay in the departure of the flight, with respect to the scheduled time,
- Difficulty in appreciating at San Luis Airport during a night takeoff, visual references of runway,
- Lack of concern during the takeoff abort on part of the pilots.

Final Report:

Crash of a Yakovlev Yak-40 in Sơn Trung: 30 killed

Date & Time: Nov 14, 1992 at 0712 LT

Type of aircraft:

Yakovlev Yak-40

Operator:

Registration:

VN-A449

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Piper PA-31-350 Navajo Chieftain

Site:

Mountains

Schedule:

Saigon - Nha Trang

MSN:

9 63 18 48

YOM:

1976

Flight number:

VN474

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Aircraft flight hours:

4668

Aircraft flight cycles:

3686

Circumstances:

While descending to Nha Trang Airport, the crew encountered poor weather conditions with limited visibility due to heavy rain falls. On approach, the aircraft deviated from the W13 airway by six km when it struck trees, lost height and crashed on the slope of a mountain located 350 metres, about 33 km southwest of Nha Trang. The wreckage was found eight days later at an altitude of 970 metres. A passenger was seriously injured while 30 other occupants were killed. At the time of the accident, weather conditions were poor due to the presence of typhoon 'Forest' approaching the area.

Probable cause:

Following negligences and wrong interpretation of instrument settings, the aircraft deviated from the prescribed W13 airway by 6 km until it impacted the ground.

Crash of a Piper PA-31-350 Navajo Chieftain in Fredericton

Date & Time: Nov 13, 1992

Type of aircraft:

Operator:

Registration:

C-GMQZ

Flight Phase:

Landing (descent or approach)

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

Swearingen SA227 Metro III

MSN:

31-7752002

YOM:

1977

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Circumstances:

Crashed on landing for unknown reasons. Both pilots were rescued and the aircraft was written off.

Crash of a Swearingen SA227AC Metro III in Trinidad

Date & Time: Nov 12, 1992

Type of aircraft:

Operator:

Registration:

N3044J

Flight Phase:

Takeoff (climb)

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

Schedule:

Trinidad - Cochabamba

MSN:

AC-466

YOM:

1981

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Circumstances:

During the takeoff roll, the aircraft deviated to the right and eventually veered off runway. While contacting soft ground, the nose gear collapsed and the aircraft came to rest. All 16 occupants evacuated safely while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.

Crash of a Cessna 402C in Kiana: 3 killed

Date & Time: Nov 8, 1992 at 1820 LT

Type of aircraft:

Cessna 402

Operator:

Baker Aviation

Registration:

N67941

Flight Phase:

Flight

Flight Type:

Landing (descent or approach)

Survivors:

Site:

Mountains

Schedule:

Kotzebue – Noorvik – Kiana – Selawik

MSN:

402C-0633

YOM:

1982

Location:

Kiana

Alaska

Country:

United States of America

Region:

North America

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Captain / Total flying hours:

4528

Captain / Total hours on type:

915.00

Aircraft flight hours:

7971

Circumstances:

The airplane was on a VFR flight from Kotzebue to Noorvik, Kiana, Selawik, and return to Kotzebue. The flight had overflown Kiana due to unplowed runway conditions, and was proceeding to Selawik when it crashed into Shelly mountain. According to the rescue personnel, the mountain tops in the area of the accident were obscured by snow, fog and clouds. The terrain was covered with snow. The pilot had a previous accident involving whiteout conditions where he flew into rising terrain. All three occupants were killed.

Probable cause:

The pilot in command's attempt to fly VFR into IMC conditions. Factors were snow, whiteout conditions, and mountainous terrain.

Final Report:

Crash of a Piper PA-42 Cheyenne III in Grand Junction: 3 killed

Date & Time: Oct 31, 1992 at 0815 LT

Type of aircraft:

Piper PA-42 Cheyenne

Operator:

Registration:

N250TJ

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter

Schedule:

Moab - Grand Junction

MSN:

42-8001024

YOM:

1980

Location:

Grand Junction

Colorado

Country:

United States of America

Region:

North America

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Captain / Total flying hours:

4700

Aircraft flight hours:

4784

Circumstances:

The commuter air carrier departed Moab, Utah, and flew to Grand Junction, CO, via rnav direct Macks intersection. After crossing macks intersection, the airplane turned right but instead of intercepting the localizer course, the airplane continued on a slightly divergent track to the east of the localizer. The pilot told control tower personnel, 'I'm showing twelve miles out on the ILS...getting real...erroneous signal, here. Any complaints?' the pilot was advised no difficulty reports had been received. The airplane impacted a mesa one minute later about five miles to the left of the localizer course. The cockpit was destroyed and no meaningful information was obtained from the navigational radios. All of the airport's navigational aids were later flight checked and no discrepancies were found. Although Vmc prevailed at the airport, the accident site was above the reported ceiling height. All three occupants were killed.

Probable cause:

Improper ifr procedure and resultant disorientation which resulted in a collision with terrain.

Final Report:

Crash of a De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter 300 in Lake Caballococha: 8 killed

Date & Time: Oct 21, 1992

Type of aircraft:

Operator:

Registration:

OB-1155

Flight Phase:

Flight

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

Lake, Sea, Ocean, River

MSN:

379

YOM:

1973

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Circumstances:

While approaching Caballococha, the seaplane suffered an engine failure. The crew attempted an emergency landing when the aircraft crashed in Lake Caballococha. Three occupants were injured and eight others killed.

Probable cause:

Engine failure for unknown reasons.

Crash of a PZL-Mielec AN-28 in Ust-Nem: 15 killed

Date & Time: Oct 19, 1992 at 1058 LT

Type of aircraft:

PZL-Mielec AN-28

Operator:

Registration:

CCCP-28785

Flight Phase:

Takeoff (climb)

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

Casa-Nurtanio CN-235 (IPTN)

Schedule:

Ust-Nem – Syktyvkar

MSN:

1AJ005-18

YOM:

1988

Flight number:

302

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Aircraft flight hours:

1486

Aircraft flight cycles:

1692

Circumstances:

Shortly after takeoff from Ust-Nem Airport, while climbing to a height of about 30 metres, the left engine failed and its propeller autofeathered. After the crew retracted the flaps, the aircraft rolled to the left, adopted a high angle of attack then struck trees and crashed in a wooded area located 500 metres from the runway, bursting into flames. A passenger was injured while 15 other occupants were killed.

Probable cause:

It is believed that the left engine failed during initial climb after wet snow entered the air intake. The takeoff procedure was completed from a runway covered with slush and wet snow. The following contributing factors were reported:
- The crew retracted the flaps prematurely,
- Lack of crew training on this type of aircraft,
- The distance with ground was insufficient to expect recovery.

Crash of a Casa-Nurtanio CN235-100 on Mt Puntang: 31 killed

Date & Time: Oct 18, 1992 at 1330 LT

Type of aircraft:

Operator:

Registration:

PK-MNN

Flight Phase:

Flight

Flight Type: