Crash of a Boeing 727-22QC in Windsor Locks

Date & Time: May 3, 1991 at 0553 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N425EX
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Windsor Locks - Boston
MSN:
19095
YOM:
1966
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
8500
Captain / Total hours on type:
3600.00
Aircraft flight hours:
46981
Circumstances:
N425EX was on the takeoff roll when the flightcrew experienced a 'thump' that resounded through the airplane. They also observed erratic engine indications from the n°3 engine. The captain aborted the takeoff and stopped the airplane on the runway. The fire warning system activated on the n°3 engine after the airplane came to rest. The crew attempted to extinguish the fire with the airplane's fire extinguishing system; however, they were unsuccessful. The post accident examination of the n°3 engine revealed the high pressure compressor disk had failed due to a fatigue crack that originated from a corrosion pit. The shrapnel from the disk penetrated the engine nacelle and severed the main fuel line for the engine. The fuel ignited and burned into the fuselage, igniting the 12,600 lbs of cargo (US Mail).
Probable cause:
A catastrophic and uncontained failure of the n°3 engine which resulted in a fuel fed fire.
Final Report:

Crash of a Boeing 727-100 in Bogota: 110 killed

Date & Time: Nov 27, 1989 at 0716 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
HK-1803
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Bogotá - Cali
MSN:
19035
YOM:
1966
Flight number:
AV203
Country:
Crew on board:
6
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
101
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
110
Circumstances:
After takeoff from Bogotá-El Dorado Airport, the crew was cleared to climb to FL130 when the aircraft suffered an explosion. It entered an uncontrolled descent and crashed in a huge explosion near Soacha, about 16 km south of Bogotá Airport. The aircraft disintegrated on impact and all 107 occupants were killed as well as three people on the ground.
Probable cause:
It was determined that a bomb was placed on board under the seat 14F by a Colombian narcotic cartel.

Crash of a Boeing 727-31 in Chicago

Date & Time: Aug 27, 1988 at 1650 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N852TW
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Saint Louis - Chicago
MSN:
18571
YOM:
1964
Crew on board:
6
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
62
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
16899
Captain / Total hours on type:
6411.00
Aircraft flight hours:
56099
Circumstances:
Scheduled domestic part 121 flight could not get landing gear to extend on approach to Chicago-Midway Airport. After missed approach, crew tried unsuccessfully to extend gear manually using procedures in cockpit checklist and flight operations manual. Emergency gear-up landing was made at Chicago-O'Hare International Airport. Investigation revealed a disconnected gear selector actuating rod from the normal landing gear retract/extension actuating assembly. Crew damaged manual gear extension mechanism in manual extension attempts. FAA approved procedural checklist had omitted critical step in manual gear extension procedure.
Probable cause:
Improper procedural checklist in which a critical step was not listed.
Findings
Occurrence #1: airframe/component/system failure/malfunction
Phase of operation: approach - faf/outer marker to threshold (ifr)
Findings
1. Landing gear, normal retraction/extension assembly - inoperative
2. (c) missed approach - performed
3. (f) checklist - inaccurate - company/operator management
4. (c) procedures/directives - improper - company/operator management
5. (c) condition(s)/step(s) not listed - faa (principal maintenance inspector)
----------
Occurrence #2: gear not extended
Phase of operation: landing
Findings
6. Wheels up landing - performed - pilot in command
Final Report:

Crash of a Boeing 727-22 in San José

Date & Time: May 23, 1988 at 1706 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
TI-LRC
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
San José – Managua – Miami
MSN:
18856
YOM:
1965
Flight number:
LR628
Country:
Crew on board:
10
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
16
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
During the takeoff roll on runway 07, at V1 speed, the captain started the rotation but the aircraft failed to respond. The crew decided to abandon the takeoff procedure and initiated an emergency braking maneuver. unable to stop within the remaining distance, the aircraft overran, crossed a ditch and came to rest in a field, bursting into flames. All 26 occupants escaped with minor injuries while the aircraft was destroyed by a post crash fire.
Probable cause:
Excess weight in the front cargo hold displaced the centre of gravity to the forward limit. Two additional trim units would have been required for takeoff.

Crash of a Boeing 727-21 near Cúcuta: 143 killed

Date & Time: Mar 17, 1988 at 1317 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
HK-1716
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Bucaramanga – Cúcuta – Cartagena – Barranquilla
MSN:
18999
YOM:
1966
Flight number:
AV410
Country:
Crew on board:
7
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
136
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
143
Captain / Total flying hours:
9727
Captain / Total hours on type:
4050.00
Copilot / Total hours on type:
340
Aircraft flight hours:
43848
Circumstances:
Avianca flight 410 was destroyed when it impacted El Espartillo Mountain after takeoff from Cúcuta Airport in Colombia. All 143 occupants sustained fatal injuries. The aircraft, a Boeing 727-21 operated flight AV410 from Bucaramanga to Barranquilla, with en route stops at Cúcuta and Cartagena. Because the originally planned aircraft was not available, HK-1716 was prepared for the flight. This resulted in a departure delay of 2 hours and 30 minutes. The flight landed at Cúcuta at 12:28 local time. At 13:06, the pilot requested clearance to start, but he was told there was a 10-minute delay because of three incoming aircraft. The crew immediately requested clearance for a climb on course ("Why not clear us to climb on course to avoid delaying this flight further? We're: pretty far behind") and the tower granted their request at 13:08: "OK, cleared for engine start, climb on course VMC, report ready to taxi, temperature 28°". This, added to the anomalous presence in the cockpit of another pilot whose loquaciousness continually disrupted the work of all the crew members, affected the way in which the pilot supervised the actions of his co-pilot, who was Pilot Flying. There was no crew briefing, nor did the pilot-in command give any instructions for the VMC departure. Two minutes later the tower controller instructed them to taxi to runway 33. At 13:12 the tower reported, "Cleared to Cartagena via Uniform Whisky 19, Whisky 7, Whisky 10, climb and maintain two six zero after takeoff, climb on course VMC, QNH ....correction transponder Alpha 2216". Take-off clearance was issued at 13:13. The initial climb path followed the extended runway centre line to the inner marker, at which point the aircraft entered a continuous left turn. At 13:17 the pilot said to the copilot, "In any case, start turning right." Subsequently the aircraft struck the peak of El Espartillo at an elevation of 6,343 feet.
Probable cause:
The accident was the consequence of the following active and passive factors:
1. Active:
A. Personnel factors - Pilot-in-command - Procedures, Regulations and instructions
a) Diverted attention from operation of aircraft and failed to exercise adequate and constant supervision over the performance of his co-pilot;
b) Tolerated inappropriate interference with cockpit discipline by authorized persons with access to the flight deck;
c) Continued VFR flight into IMC.
B. Personnel factor - Non-crew pilot in cockpit - Procedures, regulations and instructions
Interfered constantly with the normal operation of the aircraft, distracting the crew from the efficient execution of their duties.
2. Passive
A. Personnel factor- Crew- Procedures, regulations and instructions: lack of teamwork on the part of the crew, reflected in the failure to coordinate the instructions needed to take off and climb out in VMC using a profile established in accordance with the specific conditions.
B. Other factors - Meeting the schedule: The delays resulting from the change of aircraft for mechanical reasons contributed to the decision by the pilot-in-command to give inappropriate support to company priorities and request to depart, rather than waiting as recommended by the Control Tower, in order to avoid adding to the delays already experienced."

Ground accident of a Boeing 727-90C in Anchorage

Date & Time: Jun 9, 1987 at 0855 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N766AS
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
19728
YOM:
1968
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Aircraft flight hours:
49937
Circumstances:
The mechanic in charge of taxiing the Boeing 727 allowed an unauthorized avionics technician to occupy the pilot seat. They inadvertently deactivated the brake pressurization system and struck a passenger jetway at the terminal gate. An ensuing fire destroyed the airplane and a company ground vehicle and extensively damaged the jetway. The terminal gate was also damaged. A total of 11 persons were injured.
Probable cause:
Occurrence #1: on ground/water collision with object
Phase of operation: taxi
Findings
1. Object - airport facility
2. (c) brakes (normal) - inadvertent deactivation - company maintenance personnel
3. (f) planning/decision - inadequate - company maintenance personnel
4. (c) checklist - not used - company maintenance personnel
----------
Occurrence #2: fire
Phase of operation: other
Final Report:

Crash of a Boeing 727-21 on San Andrés Island

Date & Time: Oct 5, 1983
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
HK-1804
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
19037
YOM:
1966
Country:
Crew on board:
0
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
For unknown reasons, the airplane belly landed at San Andrés Airport and came to rest. There were no casualties while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.

Ground accident of a Boeing 727-86 in Tehran

Date & Time: Jan 7, 1983
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
EP-IRA
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
19171
YOM:
1966
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
Two mechanics took over the airplane to complete a high-speed taxi check following maintenance. While taxiing, the airplane went out of control and veered off taxiway, causing the left main gear and the nose gear to collapse. The airplane came to rest on soft ground and was damaged beyond repair while both occupants escaped uninjured.
Probable cause:
It was determined that both mechanics were not sufficiently qualified to perform such check at high-speed and it would be preferable to ask qualified flight crew to conduct such mission.

Crash of a Boeing 727-21 in Santa Marta

Date & Time: Nov 28, 1982
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
HK-2560
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
18996
YOM:
1966
Country:
Crew on board:
0
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
Upon landing at Santa Marta-Simón Bolívar Airport, the left main gear collapsed. The airplane came to rest on runway and was damaged beyond repair. There were no injuries.
Probable cause:
Failure of the left main gear upon landing for unknown reasons.

Crash of a Boeing 727-21 in Santa Marta

Date & Time: Aug 4, 1982
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
HK-2559
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
18994
YOM:
1966
Country:
Crew on board:
7
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
43
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
On final approach to Santa Marta-Simón Bolívar Airport, the crew failed to realize his altitude was insufficient when the airplane stuck the ground few dozen meters short of runway threshold. The aircraft bounced and landed hard on runway. Upon touchdown, the left main gear was partially torn off. The aircraft went out of control, veered off runway to the left and came to rest. All 50 occupants were evacuated safely while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.