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Crash of a Tupolev ANT-9 in Kulob: 6 killed

Date & Time: Jul 27, 1936 at 1435 LT
Type of aircraft:
Tupolev ANT-9 (PS-9)
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-L192
Flight Phase:
Landing (descent or approach)
Flight Type:
Scheduled Revenue Flight
Survivors:
No
Site:
Airport (less than 10 km from airport)
Schedule:
Stalinabad - Kulob
MSN:
193
YOM:
1934
Location:
Kulob
Khatlon Province
Country:
Tajikistan
Region:
Asia
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
4
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
6
Aircraft flight hours:
1452
Aircraft flight cycles:
857
Circumstances:
The airplane departed Stalinabad on a regular service to Kulob, carrying four passengers, two pilots and a load of 502 kg of various goods, 97 kg of mail and 54 kg of luggage. Following a downwind leg, while flying over the runway at a height of 10 metres, ready for landing, the pilot-in-command increased the engine power and initiated a go-around procedure. The airplane climbed to a height of 30 metres in an excessive nose-up attitude then stalled and crashed, bursting into flames. The aircraft was totally destroyed and all six occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
The accident was the consequence of a series of errors on part of the pilot-in-command who, following a downwind approach, initiated a go-around as the landing procedure was obviously missed. At that point, he increased the throttle too sharply while the stabilizers were not in the correct position, resulting in the aircraft entering an excessive nose-up attitude followed by an aerodynamic stall.
The following contributing factors were identified:
- No technical anomalies were found with the aircraft, its equipment or the engine;
- Wrong approach configuration;
- Incorrect actions during the go-around procedure;
- Lack of discipline;
- Overconfidence of the captain;
- Crew fatigue;
- Absence of a crew work conditions monitoring system.

Crash of a Polikarpov SP near Mariupol: 2 killed

Date & Time: Jul 22, 1936
Type of aircraft:
Polikarpov Po-2
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-L2030
Flight Phase:
Takeoff (climb)
Flight Type:
Cargo
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Plain, Valley
MSN:
8083
YOM:
1936
Location:
Mariupol
Donetsk Oblast
Country:
Ukraine
Region:
Europe
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Aircraft flight hours:
203
Circumstances:
The pilot was engaged in a special mission to deliver spare parts for combine harvester to local farmers based in Ukraine. Several landings were made in the areas of Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhia then the pilot landed in an open field owned by the State Farm of 'Azov' located about 60 km from Mariupol. The following night, the pilot took off with full tanks, two passengers and a load of spare parts. After a course of 60 metres on rugged terrain, the airplane lifted off. At a height of about 50-60 metres, the pilot made a left turn to pass over the house where he slept the preceding night when the airplane rolled to the left, struck the house and crashed, bursting into flames. The pilot and a passenger were killed while the second passenger was seriously injured.
Probable cause:
The following contributing factors were identified:
- The decision of the pilot to land and takeoff from an unsuitable (rugged) terrain;
- The decision of the pilot to make a sharp turn at low height;
- There were two unauthorized passengers on board;
- The fuel tanks were full.

Crash of a Savoia-Marchetti S.55 off Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinsk: 1 killed

Date & Time: Jun 21, 1936 at 1940 LT
Type of aircraft:
Savoia-Marchetti S.55
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-L996
Flight Phase:
Takeoff (climb)
Flight Type:
Scheduled Revenue Flight
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Lake, Sea, Ocean, River
Schedule:
Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinski – Viakhtu – Khabarovsk
MSN:
10528
YOM:
1933
Location:
Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinski
Sakhalin oblast
Country:
Russia
Region:
Asia
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
3
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Aircraft flight hours:
741
Circumstances:
The float plane was scheduled to depart Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinsky on a regular service to Khabarovsk with an intermediate stop in Viakhtu, carrying three passengers and four crew members. Several times during the day, the takeoff was postponed due to swell and strong winds. At each time, the crew spotted wooden logs floating on water. In the evening, as the weather seems to be a little better, the crew decided to take off, facing wind. During the takeoff roll, shortly prior to rotation, the airplane collided with wooded logs. Both floats were partially torn off, the airplane nosed down and plunged into the water, coming to rest few hundred metres offshore. Six people were quickly rescued while a passenger drowned. The aircraft was towed to shore but later considered as damaged beyond repair.
Probable cause:
Collision with wooden logs while taking off from. Poor flight preparation on part of the crew who failed to ensure that the takeoff area was cleared of obstacles.

Crash of a Tupolev ANT-9 in Stalinabad

Date & Time: May 23, 1936
Type of aircraft:
Tupolev ANT-9 (PS-9)
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-L183
Flight Phase:
Landing (descent or approach)
Flight Type:
Scheduled Revenue Flight
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Airport (less than 10 km from airport)
MSN:
184
YOM:
1934
Location:
Dushanbe
Districts of Republican Subordination
Country:
Tajikistan
Region:
Asia
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The airplane crashed for unknown reasons upon landing at Stalinabad Airport. Both crew members were injured.

Crash of a Polikarpov P-5 in Kurgan: 3 killed

Date & Time: May 20, 1936 at 1445 LT
Type of aircraft:
Polikarpov P-5
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-L599
Flight Phase:
Landing (descent or approach)
Flight Type:
Scheduled Revenue Flight
Survivors:
No
Site:
Lake, Sea, Ocean, River
Schedule:
Novosibirsk – Kurgan – Sverdlovsk
MSN:
95
YOM:
1934
Location:
Kurgan
Kurgan oblast
Country:
Russia
Region:
Asia
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
1
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Aircraft flight hours:
692
Circumstances:
The airplane departed Novosibirsk on a flight to Sverdlovsk with an intermediate stop in Kurgan, carrying one passenger and two crew members. On final approach to Kurgan Airport, at a height of 200 metres, the pilot initiated a turn to the left when he lost control of the airplane that crashed in the Tobol River, one km from the airfield. The aircraft was destroyed and all three occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
It was determined that the accident was the consequence of the combination of the following factors:
- The aircraft was incorrectly loaded, resulting in a loss of longitudinal controllability;
- The total weight of the aircraft was 300 kilos over the maximum allowable landing weight;
- The engine stopped on approach because the tank to which the fuel selector was connected was empty;
- Lack of knowledge on the part of the crew regarding the aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft;
- Poor piloting techniques.

Crash of a Polikarpov P-5 in Nikolayevsk-on-Amur

Date & Time: Mar 6, 1936 at 1400 LT
Type of aircraft:
Polikarpov P-5
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-L1744
Flight Phase:
Landing (descent or approach)
Flight Type:
Cargo
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Airport (less than 10 km from airport)
Schedule:
Khabarovsk – Komsomolsk-on-Amur – Nijnetambovskoye – Bogorodskoye – Nikolayevsk-on-Amur
MSN:
9464
YOM:
1935
Location:
Nikolayevsk-on-Amur
Khabarovsk Krai
Country:
Russia
Region:
Asia
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Aircraft flight hours:
175
Circumstances:
The pilot was completing a cargo flight from Khabarovsk to Nikolayevsk-on-Amur with intermediate stops in Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Nijnetambovskoye and Bogorodskoye. On final approach to Nikolayevsk-on-Amur Airport, weather conditions deteriorated quickly. The visibility was less than one km due to snow falls. On final, the airplane crash landed in a snow covered field located 4 km short of runway. The pilot was injured.
Probable cause:
The accident was the consequence of an impact with the ground when the pilot was apparently attempting an emergency landing while flying in poor weather conditions (low visibility due to snow falls).
The following contributing factors were identified:
- The weather information transmitted to the crew were inaccurate and did not reflect the actual weather conditions at destination,
- Poor flight organization,
- The pilot's inability to fly in instruments conditions.

Crash of a Polikarpov P-5 near Nikolayevsk-on-Amur: 1 killed

Date & Time: Mar 6, 1936 at 1400 LT
Type of aircraft:
Polikarpov P-5
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-L1617
Flight Phase:
Landing (descent or approach)
Flight Type:
Cargo
Survivors:
No
Site:
Plain, Valley
Schedule:
Khabarovsk – Komsomolsk-on-Amur – Nijnetambovskoye – Bogorodskoye – Nikolayevsk-on-Amur
MSN:
9426
YOM:
1934
Location:
Nikolayevsk-on-Amur
Khabarovsk Krai
Country:
Russia
Region:
Asia
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Aircraft flight hours:
717
Circumstances:
The pilot was completing a cargo flight from Khabarovsk to Nikolayevsk-on-Amur with intermediate stops in Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Nijnetambovskoye and Bogorodskoye. On the final leg from Bogorodskoye, while approaching Nikolayevsk-on-Amur, weather conditions deteriorated quickly. The visibility was less than one km due to snow falls. Apparently, the pilot attempted an emergency landing when the aircraft impacted the top of a hill and crashed on snowy ground about 12 km northwest of Nikolayevsk-on-Amur Airport. The aircraft was destroyed and the pilot was killed.
Probable cause:
The accident was the consequence of an impact with the ground when the pilot was apparently attempting an emergency landing while flying in poor weather conditions (low visibility due to snow falls).
The following contributing factors were identified:
- The weather information transmitted to the crew were inaccurate and did not reflect the actual weather conditions at destination,
- Poor flight organization,
- The pilot's inability to fly in instruments conditions.

Crash of a Polikarpov P-5 in Tyr

Date & Time: Mar 6, 1936
Type of aircraft:
Polikarpov P-5
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-L1078
Flight Phase:
Flight
Flight Type:
Cargo
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Plain, Valley
Schedule:
Khabarovsk – Komsomolsk-on-Amur – Nijnetambovskoye – Bogorodskoye – Nikolayevsk-on-Amur
MSN:
6528
YOM:
1933
Location:
Tyr
Khabarovsk Krai
Country:
Russia
Region:
Asia
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Aircraft flight hours:
707
Circumstances:
The pilot was completing a cargo flight from Khabarovsk to Nikolayevsk-on-Amur with intermediate stops in Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Nijnetambovskoye and Bogorodskoye. On the leg from Bogorodskoye, weather conditions deteriorated quickly. The visibility was less than one km due to snow falls. The pilot attempted an emergency landing when a wing impacted the ground and the airplane crashed in a snow covered field located 2,5 km east of the village of Tyr, 60 km southwest of Nikolayevsk-on-Amur Airport. The pilot was injured.
Probable cause:
Probable cause:
The accident was the consequence of an impact with the ground when the pilot was apparently attempting an emergency landing while flying in poor weather conditions (low visibility due to snow falls).
The following contributing factors were identified:
- The weather information transmitted to the crew were inaccurate and did not reflect the actual weather conditions at destination,
- Poor flight organization,
- The pilot's inability to fly in instruments conditions.

Crash of a Polikarpov SP in Novgorod: 2 killed

Date & Time: Jan 25, 1936 at 1425 LT
Type of aircraft:
Polikarpov Po-2
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-L1781
Flight Phase:
Landing (descent or approach)
Flight Type:
Charter/Taxi (Non Scheduled Revenue Flight)
Survivors:
No
Site:
Airport (less than 10 km from airport)
Schedule:
Novgorod – Leningrad
MSN:
7617
YOM:
1935
Location:
Novgorod
Novgorod oblast
Country:
Russia
Region:
Asia
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
1
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Circumstances:
The airplane departed Novgorod Airport at 1410LT on a flight to Leningrad, carrying one pilot and one passenger, a fire inspector. At the time of departure, weather conditions were as follow: horizontal visibility 1,500 - 2,000 metres, vertical visibility 150 - 170 metres and wind 2-3 m/s. After takeoff, the airplane entered clouds and according to the engine noise, it is understood that the airplane was not flying in the direction of Leningrad but Kresttsy instead. Nevertheless, the pilot apparently attempted to return to the airport when he lost control of the airplane that entered a dive and crashed one km from the airfield. Both occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
Loss of control after the pilot suffered a spatial disorientation while flying in clouds. His decision to takeoff in clouds and without received a weather bulletin prior to departure are considered as contributing factors.

Crash of a Polikarpov P-5 in Lukolovo: 4 killed

Date & Time: Jan 22, 1936
Type of aircraft:
Polikarpov P-5
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-L1738
Flight Phase:
Flight
Flight Type:
Scheduled Revenue Flight
Survivors:
No
Site:
Lake, Sea, Ocean, River
Schedule:
Okha – Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinski
MSN:
9483
YOM:
1935
Location:
Lukolovo
Sakhalin oblast
Country:
Russia
Region:
Asia
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
3
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
4
Circumstances:
The airplane departed Okha in good weather conditions, carrying three passengers and one pilot to Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinski. About 15 minutes into the flight, weather conditions worsened and the visibility was poor due to snow falls. The pilot reduced his altitude and continued along the shore. In a visibility estimated to be 15-20 metres, the pilot failed to realize he was too low. In a slight turn, the airplane impacted the ground and crashed on a icy area located in the Tatar Strait, about one km off the village of Lukolovo. The aircraft was destroyed and all four occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
Controlled flight into terrain after the pilot continued the flight at an insufficient altitude in poor visibility (15-20 metres) due to snow falls. Information transmitted to the crew regarding weather conditions en route were erroneous and did not reflect the actual conditions.
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