Crash of an Antonov AN-24B in Cairo

Date & Time: Sep 30, 1966 at 1402 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
SU-AOM
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Luxor – Cairo
MSN:
67302809
YOM:
1966
Flight number:
MS322
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
6
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
37
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
3304
Captain / Total hours on type:
675.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
1233
Copilot / Total hours on type:
807
Aircraft flight hours:
201
Circumstances:
Flight 322 was a scheduled domestic flight from Cairo to Aswan and return with an intermediate stop at Luxor. It departed Cairo at 0700 hours GMT and the sectors Cairo - Luxor, Luxor - Aswan and Aswan - Luxor were uneventful. At 1128 hours the aircraft was ready for the last sector Luxor - Cairo and at 1130 hours it entered the second taxiway to Runway 20 at Luxor and shortly thereafter it was cleared for take-off. Instead of back-tracking on Runway 20 the pilot took off directly from the point he entered the runway, approximately 400 m from its threshold. During the take-off run the pilot-in-command and the co-pilot saw a camel entering the runway from east to west approximately 700 m in front of them. The speed of the aircraft at that time was about 160 km/h. In an attempt to avoid a collision with the camel, the pilot-in-command deviated the aircraft slightly to the right and took off as soon as he could; however, the right wheel struck the camel while the aircraft was about 2 m above the ground. The right landing gear bracing was broken by the impact and although several attempts to retract the undercarriage were made the right gear could not be retracted whilst the left and nose gears were locked in the "up" position. The pilot-in-command decided to complete the flight and to carry out a wheels-up landing at Cairo Airport where more ground facilities were available. He landed the aircraft wheels up at 1402 hours on a sand strip to the right of Runway 34 at Cairo Airport. There were no injuries among the 43 occupants while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.
Probable cause:
Collision of the aircraft with a camel which entered the runway during take-off because neither the pilot-in-command nor the tower controller noticed the camel in proper time. In addition, attempts of the pilot-in-command to avoid the collision after he first saw the camel were unsuccessful.
Final Report:

Crash of a Vickers 832 Viscount near Winton: 24 killed

Date & Time: Sep 22, 1966 at 1303 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
VH-RMI
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Mount Isa – Longreach – Brisbane
MSN:
416
YOM:
1959
Flight number:
AN149
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
20
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
24
Captain / Total flying hours:
14288
Captain / Total hours on type:
10003.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
2803
Copilot / Total hours on type:
249
Aircraft flight hours:
18634
Aircraft flight cycles:
6586
Circumstances:
On 22 September 1966, the Viscount 832 aircraft registered VH-RMI, was engaged on a regular public transport service, designated Flight 149, from Mt. Isa to Longreach in Queensland, Australia, with a crew of four and twenty passengers on board. The flight departed from Mt. Isa at 1208 hours Australian Eastern Standard Time climbing to Flight Level 175 with an expected time interval of 73 minutes to Longreach. The flight progressed, apparently uneventfully, until 1252 hours when the Longreach Flight Service Unit heard the crew of VH-RMI say that it was on an emergency descent and to stand by. Two minutes later the aircraft advised that there were fire warnings in respect of Nos. 1 and 2 engines, that one of these warning conditions had ceased and that the propeller of the other engine could not be feathered. At 1259 hours information from the crew of VH-RMI, relayed to Longreach through the crew of another aircraft in the vicinity, indicated that there was a visible fire in No. 2 engine and that the aircraft was diverting below 5 000 ft to Winton. The town of Winton is located some 20 miles to port of the planned track and is 90 miles short of Longreach. No further communications were received from the aircraft but at 1303 hours a number of people located in the Winton area saw black smoke in the air west of the town, and it was subsequently established that this was associated with VH-RMI which had crashed in light timber on level ground some 131 miles short of the Winton aerodrome. The aircraft disintegrated on impact and all 24 occupants have been killed.
Probable cause:
The probable cause of the accident was that the means of securing the oil metering unit to the No. 2 cabin blower became ineffective and this led to the initiation of a fire within the blower, which propagated to the w$ng fuel tank and substantially reduced the strength of the main spar upper boom. It is probable that the separation of the oil metering unit arose from an out-of-balance condition induced by rotor break-up but the source of the rotor break-up could not be determined.
The following findings were reported:
- The crash of the aircraft followed the failure in an upward direction of the port wing between No. 1 and No. 2 engines at approximately 1302:30 hours Eastern Standard Time when the aircraft was at a height of 3 500 ft to 4 000 ft above ground level,
- The port wing failed as a result of a weakening of the main spar due to a fire in No. 2 cell of No. 2 fuel tank,
- The fire originated in the No. 2 cabin blower and travelled through the rear of No. 2 engine nacelle and port wheel bay to the fuel tank,
- The fire in No. 2 cabin blower was initiated as a result of a rotor break-up, the blower subsequently being driven in an out-of-balance condition by the quill shaft long enough for the metering unit to become separated from the rear end cover by the resulting vibration,
- The metering unit continued to be driven after separation and lubricating oil continued to be supplied. The driven rotor lost its rear stub shaft radial location and caused metal-to-metal contact which generated a temperature sufficiently high to ignite the oil in that area,
- It is not possible on the evidence to determine what was the cause of the rotor break-up.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas C-47A-75-DL off Tenerife: 1 killed

Date & Time: Sep 16, 1966 at 0825 LT
Operator:
Registration:
EC-ACX
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Tenerife – Santa Cruz de La Palma
MSN:
19410
YOM:
1944
Flight number:
IB261
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
24
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Captain / Total flying hours:
5000
Captain / Total hours on type:
3500.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
1400
Copilot / Total hours on type:
350
Aircraft flight hours:
25134
Circumstances:
The aircraft took off from Tenerife airport at 0821. After two minutes of flight the propeller of the left engine began overspeeding. The pilot-in-command applied the normal overspeed procedures, but obtained no response to the manoeuvre. He then actuated the feathering mechanism but this also was ineffective and as the aircraft was losing height he was obliged to ditch it approximately one mile from the coast, since the orography of the locality made a landing impossible. The ditching took place normally. The aircraft remained afloat approximately five minutes and then sank carrying with it one of the passengers who refused to abandon it and who had impeded the evacuation of the other passengers and resisted the efforts of the pilot-in-command and hostess to get him to safety.
Probable cause:
The accident resulted as a consequence of propeller overspeed on the left side, the cause of which could not be determined owing to the fact that the aircraft was not recovered.
Final Report:

Crash of a PZL-Mielec AN-2TP off Cape Tsikhisdziri: 1 killed

Date & Time: Sep 9, 1966 at 1003 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-96224
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Batumi - Poti - Sukhumi
MSN:
1G72-08
YOM:
1966
Flight number:
G-72
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
10
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Aircraft flight hours:
327
Circumstances:
The aircraft was performing a flight from Batumi to Sukhumi with an intermediate stop at Poti. Ten minutes after take off from Batumi Airport, while cruising at a height of 250 meters some two km offshore, the engine failed. The crew decided to ditch the aircraft into the Black Sea near a fishing vessel some 1,8 km off Cape Tsikhisdziri. A passenger was killed while all 11 other occupants were rescued and picked up by the crew of the fishing vessel. The aircraft sank and the wreckage was recovered from a depth of some 34-36 meters on 14SEP1966.
Probable cause:
Engine failure due to problems with the magnetos.

Crash of an Ilyushin II-18V in Arkhangelsk

Date & Time: Aug 27, 1966 at 1407 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-75552
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Arkhangelsk – Leningrad – Riga
MSN:
184 0074 04
YOM:
1964
Flight number:
SU3772
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
7
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
114
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Aircraft flight hours:
3042
Aircraft flight cycles:
2297
Circumstances:
During takeoff run at Arkhangelsk-Talaghi Airport, the crew encountered control problems. As the airplane was unstable, the captain decided to abort the takeoff procedure and started an emergency brake maneuver. Unable to stop within the remaining distance, the aircraft overrun and came to rest. Ten passengers were injured while all 111 other occupants were unhurt. The aircraft was considered as damaged beyond repair due to heavy structural damages.
Probable cause:
The crew failed to prepare the flight according to checklist and forgot to unlock the rudder prior to takeoff.

Crash of a Grumman G-21A Goose near Juneau: 9 killed

Date & Time: Aug 21, 1966 at 1035 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N88820
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Site:
MSN:
1114
YOM:
1941
Location:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
8
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
9
Captain / Total flying hours:
9230
Captain / Total hours on type:
2492.00
Circumstances:
En route, the seaplane went into an uncontrolled descent and crashed in flames in a glacier located in the region of Juneau. The wreckage was found few hours later in a crevasse and all nine occupants have been killed.
Probable cause:
The exact cause of the accident could not be determined as hazardous location precluded on scene investigation.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas C-47-Dl in Al Azaiba

Date & Time: Aug 17, 1966
Operator:
Registration:
G-AOFZ
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
9131
YOM:
1943
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
18
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
Shortly after takeoff from Al Azaiba Airport, the airplane encountered difficulties to gain height. It struck trees, stalled and crashed 500 meters past the runway end. All 20 occupants were rescued while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.
Probable cause:
Loss of engine power due to the carburetor air intake shutters had been selected to 'Hot air' instead of 'Ram air'. On other C-47 aircraft operated by Gulf Air, the air intake control levers were positioned the other way around.

Crash of a Lisunov LI-2 in Lotrioara: 24 killed

Date & Time: Aug 11, 1966
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
YR-TAN
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Brașov – Constanţa
MSN:
184 280 05
YOM:
1951
Location:
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
20
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
24
Circumstances:
En route from Brașov to Constanţa, the airplane crashed in unknown circumstances in the Lotrioara Valley. All 24 occupants were killed, among them 2 Austrian citizens.

Crash of a BAc 111-203AE in Falls City: 42 killed

Date & Time: Aug 6, 1966 at 2312 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N1553
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
New Orleans – Shreveport – Fort Smith – Tulsa – Kansas City – Omaha – Minneapolis
MSN:
70
YOM:
1965
Flight number:
BN250
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
37
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
42
Captain / Total flying hours:
20767
Captain / Total hours on type:
549.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
9296
Copilot / Total hours on type:
685
Aircraft flight hours:
2307
Aircraft flight cycles:
2922
Circumstances:
Flight 250 was a scheduled domestic passenger/cargo flight from New Orleans, Louisiana, to Minneapolis, Minnesota, with intermediate stops at Shreveport, Louisiana, Fort Smith, Arkansas, Tulsa, Oklahoma, Kansas City, Missouri, and Omaha, Nebraska. The flight departed from New Orleans at 1835 hours CST and arrived at Kansas City without reported incident. It departed from Kansas City at 2255 hours on an IFR clearance to Omaha via Jet Route 41 at FL 200. Just prior to take-off, the flight was restricted to 5 000 ft due to conflicting traffic. When the flight was about 12 miles north of Kansas City, control of the aircraft was transferred to the Kansas City Air Route Traffic Control Centre (ARTCC). Radar contact was confirmed and the flight was cleared to climb to and maintain FL 200. After some discussion with ARTCC about the weather the flight crew advised that they would like to maintain 5 000 ft to Omaha. They reported they were at 6 000 ft and ARTCC cleared the flight to maintain that altitude until 5 000 ft was available. At 2303 hours the Kansas City ARTCC initiated a transfer of control of the flight to the Chicago ARTCC but before the transfer could be accomplished the flight requested and received permission from the Kansas City controller to deviate to the left of course. At 2306 hours the Kansas City controller cleared the flight to descend to and maintain 5 000 ft and contact the Chicago ARTCC. After some discussion of the weather as it was displayed on the Chicago controller's radar, the flight was advised that another Braniff flight, Flight 255, was on the same frequency and was at 10 000 ft climbing to 17 000 ft after departing Omaha. The crews of the two aircraft exchanged weather information and the crew of Flight 255 advised that they had encountered light to moderate turbulence from about 15 miles southeast of the Omaha airport and that it appeared they would be out of it in another 10 miles based on their radar observations. Flight 250 terminated this conversation at approximately 2308:30 hours. This was the last transmission received from the flight. Ground witnesses stated that they observed the aircraft approach and either fly into or over a shelf of clouds preceding a line of thunderstorms that was approaching frbm the north and northwest, and that shortly thereafter they saw an explosion in the sky followed by a fireball falling out of the clouds. The aircraft crashed at approximately 2312 hours, 7.6 statute miles on a true bearing of 024.50 from Falls City, Nebraska, at an elevation of 1 078 ft AMSL. All 42 occupants have been killed.
Probable cause:
The Board determined that the probable cause of this accident was in-flight structural failure caused by extreme turbulence during operation of the aircraft in an area of avoidable hazardous weather. The following findings were reported:
The aircraft was confronted with a severe squall line which was oriented across its intended flight route. This system was adequately forecast and reported by the Weather Bureau; however, the company forecast was somewhat inaccurate with respect to the number and intensity of thunderstorms and the intensity of the associated turbulence in the system. The crew was aware of the forecast weather and was aware that the system could have been circumnavigated to the west. This was, in fact, suggested by the co-pilot.
Because the company forecast did not predict a solid line of thunderstorms, the company dispatcher did not take any action to delay or to reroute the flight. However, the dispatcher did not relay to the crew information which might have persuaded the pilot- in-command to avoid the storm system. In fact, when the dispatcher was informed of the efforts of other aircraft to avoid the squall line, he should have recommended avoidance action to Flight 250.
In spite of his apparent concern were the en-route weather and his knowledge that the squall line was quite solid, the pilot-in-command elected to penetrate the line using his airborne weather radar to select a "light" area.
Flight 250 never reached the main squall line. Instead, the aircraft broke up in a roll cloud approximately 5 miles from the nearest radar weather echo. At this ti= the aircraft was at the proper configuration and airspeed for flight in turbulence and the autopilot was engaged.
Flight 250 encountered extreme turbulence generated by the strong horizontal and vertical wind shears associated with the outflow of cold air from the approaching squall line. This turbulence probably caused a large angled gust of very short duration with components in the lateral, vertical, and longitudinal planes.
The forces and accelerations produced by this encounter caused the fin and right tailplane to reach their ultimate loads, with near-simultaneous failures resulting. The aircraft then pitched downward until the right wing reached its negative ultimate load. The loss of these components rendered the aircraft uncontrollable and shortly afterward it probably began a random tumbling motion which stabilized some time before impact into a flat-spinning attitude.
Final Report:

Crash of a De Havilland DHC-2 Beaver in Medellín: 8 killed

Date & Time: Jul 30, 1966 at 1531 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
HK-1009
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Medellín –Puerto Berrío
MSN:
1197
YOM:
1958
Country:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
7
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
8
Circumstances:
Shortly after takeoff from Medellín Airport, while climbing, the engine failed. The pilot elected to make an emergency landing when control was lost. The airplane crashed in flames an industrial area located near the airport, killing all eight occupants.
Probable cause:
Engine failure during initial climb.