Crash of a De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter 200 near Iliamna: 13 killed

Date & Time: Sep 6, 1977 at 1452 LT
Operator:
Registration:
N563MA
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Iliamna - Anchorage
MSN:
196
YOM:
1969
Flight number:
AAI302
Location:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
11
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
13
Captain / Total flying hours:
4335
Captain / Total hours on type:
1124.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
1380
Copilot / Total hours on type:
371
Aircraft flight hours:
15369
Circumstances:
Flight 302 departed Iliamna at 1419LT with 11 passengers and 2 crew members on board. It was cleared to Anchorage on an instrument flight rules (IFR) flight plan via the low frequency airways--Red Airway 99 (Red 99) to the Kakon Intersection, and then Green Airway 8 (Green 8) to Anchorage. The flight was to maintain 7,000 ft. At 1425:20, the flight crew of Flight 302 established radio contact with Anchorage Air Route Traffic Control Center's (Anchorage Center) D2 nonradar sector controller. They reported that the flight was level at 7,000 ft and that they estimated arrival at Kakon Intersection at 1434. At 1428:35, Anchorage Center requested the flight's estimate for its arrival at Homer, Alaska. The flight crew responded that they estimated to be over Homer at 1515. The flight crew of Flight 302 did not make radio contact when they were over Kakon Intersection; however, at 1439:40 they requested of Anchorage Center, "302, we would like to file Green 8 and intercept the 192° bearing from Wildwood." Fifteen seconds later, Anchorage Center cleared the flight to proceed along the new route of flight and to remain at 7,000 ft. At 1440:50, the flight crew of Flight 302 advised, "302, we--we'll estimate Clams at 15 past the hour." Anchorage Center acknowledged the advisory. This was the last known radio transmission from Flight 302. At 1452:08, three abrupt, audible sounds were recorded on the Anchorage Center tape of incoming air-to-ground communications with Flight 302. These sounds were similar to those produced by a carrier frequency that was heard during the activation of Flight 302's radio transmitter during earlier radio communications with the Center. After several unsuccessful attempts to contact Flight 302 by several air traffic, control facilities between Iliamna and Anchorage and after the flight could not be detected on radar in the areas where radar coverage was available, Anchorage Center initiated the required actions to alert and notify appropriate authorities of a possible aircraft accident. U.S. Air Force search and rescue aircraft located the wreckage site at 1643 on September 7, 1977. The aircraft had struck a glacier face on the southwest side of Mt Iliamna at the 7,000 ft elevation. There were no survivors. Because of the rapidly changing environmental conditions on the glacier face of Mt Iliamna, recovery of bodies and wreckage was not possible.
Probable cause:
The National Transportation Safety Board determines that the probable cause of the accident was the failure of the flightcrew to use proper navigational procedures for the route to be flown, especially their failure to use the available backup means of navigation to verify the position and the progress of the flight.
Final Report:

Crash of a De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter 200 near El Bolsón: 6 killed

Date & Time: Aug 7, 1977 at 1630 LT
Operator:
Registration:
T-87
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
San Carlos de Bariloche – El Bolsón – Comodoro Rivadavia – Río Gallegos
MSN:
230
YOM:
1969
Country:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
6
Circumstances:
The twin engine airplane departed San Carlos de Bariloche Airport at 1534LT on a flight to Río Gallegos with intermediate stops in El Bolsón and Comodoro Rivadavia. It was carrying a crew of four and two passengers, Mr. Ulderico Carnaghi, Governor of the Santa Cruz Province and his wife who just attended the 7th Snow Festival in san Carlos de Bariloche and were flying back to Patagonia. While descending to El Bolsón Airport, the crew encountered poor weather conditions when the airplane struck the slope of Mt Paleta located 18 km north of El Bolsón. The wreckage was found four days later at an altitude of 1,995 meters. The aircraft was destroyed and all six occupants were killed.
Crew:
Juan Carlos García, pilot,
Jorge Manuel Alvarez, copilot,
José Medina, mechanic,
Oscar M. Lazo, steward.
Passengers:
Mr. & Mrs. Ulderico Carnaghi.
Probable cause:
Controlled flight into terrain.

Crash of a De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter 300 in the Bainaha Valley: 13 killed

Date & Time: Mar 29, 1977
Operator:
Registration:
PK-NUP
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Schedule:
Palu - Tolitoli
MSN:
486
YOM:
1976
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
20
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
13
Circumstances:
The airplane departed Palu-Mutiara Airport on a charter flight to Tolitoli, carrying tourists. En route, the crew descended from 9,000 to 5,000 feet to offer a better view of the area to the passengers when the pilot realized he was facing a mountain. He elected to gain height but the aircraft struck tree tops located on the top of a cliff then stalled and crashed into a ravine. The wreckage was found few hours later. A crew member and nine passengers were rescued while 13 other occupants including both pilots were killed.

Crash of a De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter 300 in Gomez Nunatak

Date & Time: Jan 24, 1977
Operator:
Registration:
VP-FAP
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
333
YOM:
1971
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
3
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
While trying to land on a level landing strip at Gomez Nunatak, Adelaide Island, Antarctica, the pilot made an error of judgment and landed on a hilly terrain. The aircraft collided with snow slope and came to rest. All five occupants were evacuated safely while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair and abandoned on site. Both engines and avionics were salvaged.
Probable cause:
Crew mistook snow slope for a flat landing site.

Crash of a De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter 300 in Terrace: 12 killed

Date & Time: Jan 14, 1977
Operator:
Registration:
C-GNTB
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Prince George – Terrace
MSN:
463
YOM:
1975
Country:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
9
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
12
Circumstances:
On approach to Terrace Airport, the crew encountered poor weather conditions with snow falls. On final, the pilot-in-command failed to realize his altitude was too low when, at an altitude of 1,200 feet, the airplane struck a hill located about 3 km short of runway. The aircraft was destroyed upon impact and all 12 occupants were killed.

Crash of a De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter 100 off Victoria

Date & Time: Dec 16, 1976
Operator:
Registration:
C-FAJB
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Vancouver - Victoria
MSN:
19
YOM:
1966
Country:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
14
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
Approaching Victoria on a flight from Coal Harbour in Vancouver, the crew encountered limited visibility due to foggy conditions. The seaplane landed hard, causing both floats to be damaged. All 16 occupants were evacuated safely while the aircraft sank in the Juan de Fuca Strait, by a depth of 300 feet, about 4 miles south of Victoria Harbour.

Crash of a De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter 300 in Iquitos

Date & Time: Dec 15, 1976
Operator:
Registration:
FAP333
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
MSN:
418
YOM:
1974
Country:
Crew on board:
0
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
Crashed in unknown circumstances in Iquitos. Occupant's fate unknown.

Crash of a De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter 200 in Wildwood: 4 killed

Date & Time: Dec 12, 1976 at 2326 LT
Registration:
N101AC
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Philadelphia - Atlantic City - Wildwood
MSN:
262
YOM:
1969
Flight number:
AL977
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
8
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
4
Captain / Total flying hours:
7428
Captain / Total hours on type:
5200.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
4306
Copilot / Total hours on type:
282
Circumstances:
About 2326LT on December 12, 1976, an Atlantic City Airlines, Inc., De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter (N101AC) operating as Allegheny Commuter Flight 977, crashed about 4,000 feet short of the approach end of runway 19 at Cape May County Airport, New Jersey. The flight was making a VOR approach to runway 23 with a circle to land on runway 19. Of the 10 persons aboard, 4 died of injuries received in the crash. The aircraft was destroyed. About 10 minutes before the accident, according to official observation logs, at Cape May County Airport the sky was obscured with a 400 feet indefinite ceiling; the visibility was 1 mi in fog; and the wind was from 250° at 6 kns. Visibility was 1 mi to the south and west and 1 1/2
mi to the east and north.
Probable cause:
The flight crew's lack of altitude awareness during a circling approach permitting the aircraft's flight path to deviate below a safe approach profile. The aircraft's rate of descent and descent flight path angle increased as a result of windshear encountered during visual approach below minimum descent altitude. The flight crew did not recognize these flight path deviations because they were relying on visual references which were degraded by non-homogeneous fog and on kinesthetic cues which were adversely affected by the aircraft's forward centre of gravity resulting from the improperly loaded aircraft. Contributing to the accident was the lack of company procedures requiring altitude-callouts during the visual portion of an approach.
Final Report:

Crash of a De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter 100 in Mosher Creek: 1 killed

Date & Time: Sep 22, 1976
Operator:
Registration:
C-FAWF
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Schedule:
Bella Bella - Babine Lake
MSN:
67
YOM:
1967
Country:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
17
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Circumstances:
While cruising at an altitude of 4,200 feet over mountainous area, the crew elected to gain height but the decision was too late. The airplane struck tree tops and crashed in a wooded area located about 80 km northeast of Bella Coola. A passenger was killed while 18 other occupants were injured.

Crash of a De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter 300 in Monze: 9 killed

Date & Time: May 4, 1976
Operator:
Registration:
C-GDHA
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Monze - Monze
MSN:
428
YOM:
1974
Location:
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
9
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
9
Circumstances:
De Havilland Aircraft of Canada dispatched an aircraft in Africa to complete demo flights to potential customers. In Monze, the crew was engaged in a local demo flight for the Zambian Air Force, carrying several Zambian AF Officers and DH employees. Shortly after takeoff, while in initial climb, the right engine failed. The airplane stalled and crashed one km from the runway end. A Canadian pilot who was not flying, Christian Jolivet, was severely burnt and a Zambian military personnel survived. All nine other occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
Failure of the right engine during initial climb.