Crash of a Tupolev TU-134A in Kiev: 49 killed

Date & Time: Sep 16, 1971 at 1143 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
HA-LBD
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Budapest - Kiev
MSN:
9 35 08 01
YOM:
1969
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
8
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
41
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
49
Circumstances:
On approach to Kiev-Borispol Airport in poor weather conditions, the crew encountered technical problems with the generator that failed and he was forced to switch to auxiliary batteries. Due to limited visibility caused by foggy conditions, the crew made a go-around. Few minutes later, a second attempt to land was also abandoned. During the third approach, the airplane crashed in a field located few km short of runway and was totally destroyed upon impact. All 49 occupants were killed.

Crash of a Douglas C-47A-90-DL on Mt de Hojas

Date & Time: Sep 12, 1971
Operator:
Registration:
HC-AUX
Flight Phase:
Site:
MSN:
20179
YOM:
1944
Country:
Crew on board:
0
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
Crashed on Mt de Hojas located southeast of Manta. Occupant's fate remains unknown.

Crash of a Boeing 727-193 near Juneau: 111 killed

Date & Time: Sep 4, 1971 at 1215 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N2969G
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Anchorage – Cordova – Yakutat – Juneau – Sitka – Seattle
MSN:
19304/287
YOM:
1966
Flight number:
AS1866
Location:
Crew on board:
7
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
104
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
111
Captain / Total flying hours:
13870
Captain / Total hours on type:
2688.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
5000
Copilot / Total hours on type:
2100
Aircraft flight hours:
11344
Circumstances:
Alaska Airlines, Flight 1866 (AS66) was a scheduled passenger flight from Anchorage (ANC), to Seattle (SEA), with intermediate stops at Cordova (CDV), Yakutat (YAK), Juneau (JNU), and Sitka (SIT). The IFR flight departed Anchorage at 09:13 and landed at Cordova at 09:42. AS66 departed Cordova at 10:34 after a delay, part of which was attributable to difficulty in securing a cargo compartment door. The flight landed at Yakutat at 11:07. While on the ground, AS66 received an air traffic control clearance to the Juneau Airport via Jet Route 507 to the Pleasant Intersection, direct to Juneau, to maintain 9,000 feet or below until 15 miles southeast of Yakutat on course, then to climb to and maintain FL230. The flight departed Yakutat at 11:35, with 104 passengers and seven crew members on board. At 11:46, AS66 contacted the Anchorage ARTCC and reported level at FL230, 65 miles east of Yakutat. The flight was then cleared to descend at the pilot's discretion to maintain 10,000 ft so as to cross the Pleasant Intersection at 10,000 feet and was issued a clearance limit to the Howard Intersection. The clearance was acknowledged correctly by the captain and the controller provided the Juneau altimeter setting of 29.46 inches and requested AS66 to report leaving 11,000 ft. At 11:51, AS66 reported leaving FL230. Following this report, the flight's clearance limit was changed to the Pleasant Intersection. At 11:54, the controller instructed AS66 to maintain 12,000 feet. Approximately 1 minute later, the flight reported level at 12,000 feet. The changes to the flight's original clearance to the Howard Intersection were explained to AS66 by the controller as follows: "I've got an airplane that's not following his clearance, I've got to find out where he is." The controller was referring to N799Y, a Piper Apache which had departed Juneau at 11:44 on an IFR clearance, destination Whitehorse, Canada. On two separate occasions, AS66 acted as communications relay between the controller and N799Y. At 11:58, AS66 reported that they were at the Pleasant Intersection, entering the holding pattern, whereupon the controller recleared the flight to Howard Intersection via the Juneau localizer. In response to the controller's query as to whether the flight was "on top" at 12,000 feet, the captain stated that the flight was "on instruments." At 12:00, the controller repeated the flight's clearance to hold at Howard Intersection and issued an expected approach time of 12:10. At 12:01, AS66 reported that they were at Howard, holding 12,000 feet. Six minutes later, AS66 was queried with respect to the flight's direction of holding and its position in the holding pattern. When the controller was advised that the flight had just completed its inbound turn and was on the localizer, inbound to Howard, he cleared AS66 for a straight-in LDA approach, to cross Howard at or below 9,000 feet inbound. The captain acknowledged the clearance and reported leaving 12,000 feet. At 12:08 the captain reported "leaving five thousand five ... four thousand five hundred," whereupon the controller instructed AS66 to contact Juneau Tower. Contact with the tower was established shortly thereafter when the captain reported, "Alaska sixty-six Barlow inbound." (Barlow Intersection is located about 10 nautical miles west of the Juneau Airport). The Juneau Tower Controller responded, "Alaska 66, understand, ah, I didn't, ah, copy the intersection, landing runway 08, the wind 080° at 22 occasional gusts to 28, the altimeter now 29.47, time is 09 1/2, call us by Barlow". No further communication was heard from the flight. The Boeing 727 impacted the easterly slope of a canyon in the Chilkat Range of the Tongass National Forest at the 2475-foot level. The aircraft disintegrated on impact. The accident was no survivable.
Probable cause:
A display of misleading navigational information concerning the flight's progress along the localizer course which resulted in a premature descent below obstacle clearance altitude. The origin or nature of the misleading navigational information could not be determined. The Board further concludes that the crew did not use all available navigational aids to check the flight's progress along the localizer nor were these aids required to be used. The crew also did not perform the required audio identification of the pertinent navigational facilities.
Final Report:

Crash of an Ilyushin II-18V off Copenhagen: 32 killed

Date & Time: Aug 28, 1971 at 1852 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
HA-MOC
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Oslo – Copenhagen – Berlin – Budapest
MSN:
181 9929 03
YOM:
1961
Flight number:
MA731
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
9
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
25
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
32
Aircraft flight hours:
13150
Circumstances:
Following an uneventful flight from Oslo, the crew started the descent to Copenhagen-Kastrup Airport in marginal weather conditions. The crew was cleared to descend to 5,000 feet then 1,500 feet when he was trying to intercept the ILS of runway 22L. On final, the four engine aircraft nosed down and plunged into the Øresund few hundred yards off the Saltholm Island. Rescuers were able to evacuate 3 passengers while 31 other occupants were killed. Three days later, one of the survivor died from his injuries.
Probable cause:
The probable cause of this accident was loss of control of the aircraft at the moment where the aircraft was about to intercept the ILS glideslope to runway 22L at Copenhagen airport, Kastrup.
Although it has not been possible to establish the cause of the loss of control, it is most likely to believe that the aircraft in the landing configuration was affected by a deterioration of the airflow over the tailplane to such a degree that longitudinal stability was lost.

Crash of a Convair CV-580 in Pittsburgh

Date & Time: Aug 20, 1971 at 2040 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N5844
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Pittsburgh – Parkersburg – Cincinnati
MSN:
43
YOM:
1952
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
50
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
8300
Captain / Total hours on type:
4100.00
Circumstances:
The aircraft was performing a flight from Pittsburgh to Cincinnati with an intermediate stop in Parkersburg. Upon landing at Parkersburg Airport, West Virginia, the crew encountered technical problems with the right main gear. The captain increased engine power and decided to return to Pittsburgh-Greater Pittsburgh Airport for a safe landing. Upon touchdown on runway 28R, as the wheels were missing on the right main gear, the airplane deviated from the centerline to the right when the left main gear collapsed as well. The airplane came to rest and was damaged beyond repair while all 53 occupants escaped uninjured.
Probable cause:
The right main gear lower assembly separated at Parkersburg Airport after a worn lock pin in the upper bearing sheared. The crew diverted to Pittsburgh. Failure of the landing gear, main gear-shock absorbing, assy, struts, attachments, etc.
Final Report:

Crash of a Piper PA-31-310 Navajo in Augusta: 3 killed

Date & Time: Aug 19, 1971 at 2140 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N595DE
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Boston - Augusta
MSN:
31-422
YOM:
1969
Flight number:
DE88
Location:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
7
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Captain / Total flying hours:
3100
Captain / Total hours on type:
625.00
Aircraft flight hours:
2468
Circumstances:
The aircraft departed Boston-Logan at 2028LT bound to Augusta with seven passengers and a pilot on board. At the origin, the flight was scheduled to Rockland but it was not possible to land there due to foggy conditions. The flight was cleared for a VOR approach at 2114LT. At 2127LT, flight 88 reported a missed approach and was cleared for another VOR approach at that time. At 2140LT, the flight reported 'four miles out'. This was the last known transmission made by the flight. The wreckage was located in a heavily wooded area on Allen Hill at approximately the 520 foot level. Allen Hill is a prominent terrain feature which is 640 feet high, located approximately 4 nautical miles from the threshold of runway 17 and eight-tenth of a mile west of the approach radial. The pilot and two passengers were killed, two passengers received serious injuries and three passengers received minor injuries.
Probable cause:
The NTSB determines that the probable cause of this accident was the improper action of the pilot in discontinuing the execution of a non-precision instrument approach and attempting to maintain visual flight while operating in instrument flight conditions at an altitude below the level of obstructing terrain.
Final Report:

Crash of a Beechcraft D18S into the Hudson Bay: 5 killed

Date & Time: Aug 19, 1971
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CF-GXT
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
MSN:
A-740
YOM:
1952
Country:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
3
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
5
Circumstances:
While in cruising altitude, the twin engine aircraft went out of control and crashed in unknown circumstances into the Hudson Bay. Few debris and dead bodies were found a month later. The exact cause of the mishap remains unclear.

Crash of a PZL-Mielec AN-2 near Ekimchan: 5 killed

Date & Time: Aug 18, 1971 at 1850 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-32318
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Zlatoustovsk – Ekimchan
MSN:
1G97-30
YOM:
1968
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
3
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
5
Aircraft flight hours:
3218
Circumstances:
The single engine airplane departed Zlatoustovsk Airfield at 1840LT on its last leg back to Ekimchan, carrying three passengers and a crew of two. Ten minutes later, weather conditions worsened and while cruising at an altitude of 1,434 meters in cloud, the airplane struck the slope of a mountain located 22 km east of Ekimchan. The wreckage was found two days later, 94 meters below the summit and 10 km off course. The aircraft was destroyed and all five occupants have been killed.
Probable cause:
It was determined that the crew was the crew continued the flight under VFR mode in IMC conditions and failed to see the mountain while flying in clouds. Analysis revealed that the aircraft was off course by 10 kilometers at the time of the accident and that both pilots were intoxicated with an alcohol blood level of 2 ‰ for the captain and 1.34 ‰ for the copilot.

Crash of a Beechcraft B65-80 Queen Air in Cali: 9 killed

Date & Time: Aug 12, 1971
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
HK-1371
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Country:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
9
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
9
Circumstances:
Shortly after takeoff from Cali-Palmaseca Airport, while in initial climb, the twin engine airplane stalled and crashed in an open field. A passenger was seriously injured while nine other occupants were killed.

Crash of a Vickers 768D Viscount in Jaipur

Date & Time: Aug 9, 1971 at 1920 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
VT-DIX
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
New Delhi - Jaipur
MSN:
292
YOM:
1958
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
23
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The descent to Jaipur-Sanganer Airport was initiated in poor weather conditions with heavy rain falls. Due to low visibility, the captain decided to make a go-around. Few minutes later, a second attempt to land was abandoned and a second go-around was completed. During a third attempt to land, the pilot-in-command landed too far down the runway, about 1,800 feet past the runway threshold. Unable to stop on a wet runway and within the remaining distance, the airplane overran, lost its left main gear and came to rest. All 27 occupants escaped uninjured while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.
Probable cause:
Wrong approach configuration.