Crash of a Fairchild-Hiller FH-227B in Buenos Aires: 5 killed

Date & Time: Oct 26, 2003 at 0430 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
LV-MGV
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Buenos Aires - Corrientes
MSN:
567
YOM:
1967
Flight number:
CTZ760
Country:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
1
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
5
Aircraft flight hours:
27650
Aircraft flight cycles:
21574
Circumstances:
Shortly after takeoff from Buenos Aires-Ezeiza-Ministro Pistarini Airport runway 17, while climbing by night, the crew reported technical problems. ATC cleared the crew for an immediate return and land. On final approach, the situation worsened and the crew apparently attempted an emergency landing on the Esperanza Golf Course when the aircraft struck a tree and crashed 5 km short of runway 35, bursting into flames. The aircraft was totally destroyed by impact forces and a post crash fire and all five occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
Failure of the left engine during initial climb for undetermined reasons. At the time of the accident, the aircraft was overload and operated over the MTOW. At impact, the left propeller was feathered while the right engine was running at full power.
Final Report:

Crash of a Fairchild-Hiller FH-227C on Mt El Tigre: 26 killed

Date & Time: Jan 17, 2002 at 1101 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
HC-AYM
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Quito – Nueva Loja
MSN:
511
YOM:
1966
Country:
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
21
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
26
Captain / Total flying hours:
17709
Captain / Total hours on type:
8338.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
12229
Copilot / Total hours on type:
6066
Aircraft flight hours:
29154
Aircraft flight cycles:
45178
Circumstances:
The twin engine aircraft departed Quito-Mariscal Sucre Airport at 1038LT on a charter flight to Nueva Loja-Lago Agrio Airport, carrying 21 oil workers and and five crew members on behalf of the Texaco Oil Company. While cruising under VFR mode at an altitude of 15,500 feet, the crew was instructed by ATC to change heading to 094° in order to descent to Nueva Loja for a landing on runway 23. But the crew failed to comply with this instruction and continued straight ahead. Few minutes later, the crew started the descent in foggy conditions when the aircraft struck the slope of Mt El Tigre located in the south part of Colombia, near the border with Ecuador. The wreckage was found three days later at an altitude of 4,500 metres. The aircraft disintegrated on impact and all 26 occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
The accident was the consequence of a controlled flight into terrain after the crew suffered a loss of situational awareness since their attention was focused on aspects that were not related to the flight being executed and therefore neglecting the primary function of flight which is the control of the aircraft and decision making.
The following contributing factors were identified:
- The crew failed to maintain a sterile cockpit situation,
- The crew was continuously distracted during the flight,
- Lack of technical documentation in the CIA that supports the operation,
- Lack of crew training about Crew Resources Management, human factors and Control Flight Into Terrain(CFIT),
- The weather conditions at the time of the accident on Mt El Tigre made it impossible for the crew to see the mountain,
- The aircraft was not equipped with a Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS).
Final Report:

Crash of a Fairchild-Hiller FH-227B in Keflavik

Date & Time: Jul 26, 1998 at 2355 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N564LE
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Billund - Aberdeen - Keflavik
MSN:
564
YOM:
1967
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
On final approach, when the landing gears were extended, the crew heard loud cracking noise. The landing was aborted and the aircraft passed the tower for visual inspection and one of the crew went to the cabin for visual check of the landing gears where he observed that the right landing gear lock strut rear member had broken loose from the side member assembly and was hanging down. Upon touchdown the gear folded up and the aircraft right propeller, wing tip and bottom of the fuselage touched ground and the aircraft went off the runway in a gentle right turn. The fuselage bottom skin and frame structure sustained extensive damage and the right wing tip, propeller blades, lock strut assembly and drag strut were destroyed. The aircraft operated on a ferry flight from Billund, Denmark to Miami-Opa Locka, Florida, with en route stops at among others Aberdeen and Keflavík.
Probable cause:
Preliminary investigation revealed that no lubricant was found in the lock strut hinge pin that should normally be packed with grease.

Crash of a Fairchild-Hiller FH-227D in Ambato

Date & Time: Oct 28, 1997 at 1617 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
HC-BUF
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Quito - Ambato
MSN:
573
YOM:
1968
Country:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
5
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
Following an uneventful flight from Quito-Mariscal Sucre Airport, the crew started the descent to Ambato Airport in good weather conditions but was stressed by the presence of another aircraft in the approach area. On approach, the aircraft was too high on the glide and its speed was 100 knots, about 12 knots above the reference speed. This caused the aircraft to land too far down the runway 19, about 900 metres past the runway threshold (Ambato's runway 19 is 2,000 metres long). After touchdown, the crew decided to initiate a go-around procedure and increased engine power. The aircraft adopted a high angle of attack, causing the base of the empennage to struck the runway surface. Out of control, the aircraft continued, overran and came to rest in a ravine located 60 metres past the runway end. All seven occupants escaped with minor injuries and the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.
Probable cause:
The following findings were reported:
- Wrong approach configuration as the aircraft was too high on the glide with an excessive speed,
- The aircraft landed too far down the runway, reducing the landing distance available,
- Poor flight planning,
- Poor crew coordination,
- The copilot failed to calculate properly the approach and landing speeds,
- The captain was not aware of the total weight of the aircraft upon landing,
- The operator failed to train the crew according to the specificities related to Ambato Airport,
- The operator failed to prepare documentation required for the operations at Ambato Airport,
- When the crew initiated the go-around procedure, the aircraft' speed was insufficient, and the input on the control column was sudden, causing the base of the empennage to struck the runway surface.

Crash of a Fairchild-Hiller FH-227B in Santarém: 3 killed

Date & Time: Nov 28, 1995 at 0200 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
PP-BUJ
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Belém - Santarém
MSN:
569
YOM:
1967
Location:
Country:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Circumstances:
While on a night approach to Santarém Airport, the crew decided to initiate a go-around procedure. During the second attempt to land, the crew descended below the MDA when the aircraft struck the ground and crashed 1,600 metres short of runway. A passenger was seriously injured while three other occupants were killed. It was reported that a passenger was occupying the copilot seat at the time of the accident. Also, the crew descended below MDA for unknown reasons.

Crash of a Fairchild-Hiller FH-227B near Altamira: 3 killed

Date & Time: Jan 25, 1993
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
PT-LCS
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Belém - Altamira
MSN:
522
YOM:
1966
Location:
Country:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Circumstances:
While in cruising altitude on a cargo flight from Belém, the crew lost control of the airplane that entered a dive and crashed in a jungle. The aircraft was destroyed upon impact and all three crew members were killed. It was reported that several elements of the airplane were not found at the point of impact and that the aircraft may have suffered a in-flight break up following possible multiple structural failures.

Crash of a Fairchild-Hiller FH-227C in Acapulco

Date & Time: Mar 13, 1992
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
XA-RSV
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
510
YOM:
1966
Country:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
10
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
Upon landing, the left main gear collapsed. The aircraft slid for few dozen metres before coming to rest. All 14 occupants escaped uninjured while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.
Probable cause:
Failure of the left main gear upon touchdown for unknown reasons.

Crash of a Fairchild-Hiller FH-227B in Altamira: 22 killed

Date & Time: Jun 6, 1990 at 0529 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
PT-ICA
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Belém – Altamira – Santarem – Itaituba – Alta Floresta – Cuiabá
MSN:
570
YOM:
1967
Flight number:
TAB814
Location:
Country:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
39
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
22
Circumstances:
The approach to Altamira Airport was completed by night and marginal weather conditions. Despite the visibility was limited with the presence of fog bank on final, the crew decided to continue under VFR mode. On short final, the aircraft was too low, struck trees and crashed 850 meters short of runway 07. Both pilots and 20 passengers were killed while 22 other occupants were injured.
Probable cause:
The accident was the consequence of the following factors:
- Adverse weather conditions,
- Poor approach planning,
- Poor judgement,
- Poor flight discipline as the crew failed to follow ATC instructions,
- Influence of environment as the region was conducive to the formation of fog,
- The captain had sufficient rest time but his last sleep period was less than five hours,
- The captain was going through a period in which he showed boredom, aggressiveness and demotivation.

Crash of a Fairchild-Hiller FH-227B in Lagos

Date & Time: Apr 1, 1990 at 1155 LT
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
5N-ATL
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Lagos - Port Harcourt
MSN:
534
YOM:
1967
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
7
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
45
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Aircraft flight hours:
20925
Circumstances:
During the takeoff roll on runway 19L, at a speed of about 100 knots, the aircraft deviated from the centerline to the right. The pilot-in-command corrected with rudder but finally, the aircraft struck the right shoulder of the runway then veered off runway. It rolled in a grassy area and came to rest few dozen meters further. All 52 occupants evacuated safely while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair due to structural damages to the fuselage.
Probable cause:
It was determined that the right engine was not running properly during the takeoff roll, creating an asymmetric thrust and the aircraft to deviate from the centerline to the right. Investigations reported that the aircraft was subject to maintenance the days prior to the accident and modification were made to the fuel pump but nothing was entered in the airplane logbook. It was determined that the fuel pump overspeed governor had been set too low and a low power output at high TGT.

Crash of a Fairchild-Hiller FH-227B near Léoncel: 22 killed

Date & Time: Apr 10, 1989 at 2107 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
F-GGDM
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Paris - Valence
MSN:
532
YOM:
1967
Flight number:
UAR5602
Location:
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
19
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
22
Captain / Total flying hours:
8970
Captain / Total hours on type:
577.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
15639
Aircraft flight hours:
27249
Aircraft flight cycles:
39128
Circumstances:
Following an uneventful flight from Paris-Orly, the crew was cleared to descend to FL070 at 2049LT then to FL060 at 2055LT. Then the crew was instructed to turn right to 178° to the VOR of Vienne but after passing VNE VOR, he followed a wrong track off 155°. At 2058LT, the crew was transferred from Lyon-Satolas Approach to Valence Approach with whom the radio contact was established 30 seconds later. The crew was cleared to descend to 3,500 feet for a specified arrival route Vienne - Valence. A right turn to 200° was initiated when, at a speed of 187 knots, the aircraft struck the vertical cliff of 'Pierre Chauve' (1,260 meters high) located near Léoncel. The aircraft disintegrated on impact and all 22 occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
The accident is the direct result of a navigational error. This error had the direct causes:
- The display and use the VOR LSA (Lyon-Satolas) instead of VNE (Vienne),
- An insufficiency in the mental representation of the path of the aircraft despite other available information.
Moreover, the lack of rigor in the division of work in their execution and in the mutual control are contributing factors.
The Committee also noted that the following facts have facilitated the development of a critical situation:
- Documentation of the crew used for navigation and organization of the dashboard of the plane could be sources of error,
- The organization of the airspace in the region of Valence did not allow optimal use of existing radar,
- The tasks of the crew were not defined by the operator,
- The copilot had a moderate but significant blood alcohol level.
Final Report: