Crash of a Douglas DC-3C near McGrath: 2 killed

Date & Time: Aug 8, 1954 at 1540 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N91008
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
McGrath – Colorado Creek
MSN:
13977/25422
YOM:
1944
Location:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Circumstances:
While flying about 25 miles northwest of McGrath in marginal weather conditions, the aircraft hit the slope of a mountain. As it failed to arrive, SAR operations were conducted and the wreckage was found few hours later. Both crew members were killed in the crash.

Crash of a Douglas DC-3D in Paraparaumu: 3 killed

Date & Time: May 22, 1954 at 0923 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
ZK-AQT
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Christchurch - Paraparaumu
MSN:
15948/32696
YOM:
1945
Flight number:
NZA152
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
25
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Aircraft flight hours:
12732
Circumstances:
On final approach to Paraparaumu Airport, both engines failed simultaneously. Then captain was able to restart the engine but the aircraft lost speed and height. While trying to climb, the aircraft banked right and hit a house, shearing off 12 feet of the right wing. The airplane passed between two houses and eventually crashed in a wooded area. The aircraft was destroyed, three children were killed and all other occupants were injured, some of them seriously.
Probable cause:
- Either throughout the flight or a substantial portion of it both engines were drawing fuel from the starboard main tank,
- The selector valves or valve were moved after the engines cut out, and the valves, when found and checked later, indicated a final setting of each engine to its respective port and starboard main tank,
- The total fuel usage recorded for sixty hours of service by the engines of this aircraft prior to this flight establish that the fuel was used normally by each engine from each tank and there was no malfunctioning of the selector equipment,
- The failure of the engines of this aircraft was due to exhaustion of fuel in the starboard main tank, to which both engines had been selected,
- Having regard to the position and condition of the aircraft at the time of engine failure the subsequent accident to the aircraft was inevitable.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas DC-3A in Kansas City: 3 killed

Date & Time: Jan 20, 1954 at 0708 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N49551
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Jackson – Kansas City – Atlanta
MSN:
4940
YOM:
1942
Flight number:
VK040
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Captain / Total flying hours:
5333
Captain / Total hours on type:
2091.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
5337
Copilot / Total hours on type:
1120
Aircraft flight hours:
24786
Circumstances:
The airplane departed Jackson, Michigan, for Atlanta, Georgia, with a planned intermediate stop to discharge cargo at Fairfax Airport, Kansas City, Kansas. This was a cargo flight designated as Trip 40-2011; the crew consisted of Captain William D. Speaks, Pilot in command, Captain Edward F. Kaselak and First officer Byron R. Williams. Prior to departing Jackson, the crew went to the CAA communications Station on the airport and reviewed the weather sequence reports and en route forecast and Captain Speaks also telephoned the U.S. Weather Bureau office at Detroit, Michigan, to obtain more detailed information. Following the review of the weather data, an IFR (instrument Flight Rules) flight plan to Kansas City, Kansas, was filed which indicated a cruising altitude of 10,000 feet, estimated elapsed time of four hour plus 20 minutes with seven hours of fuel on board and Springfield, Missouri, as the alternate airport, According to company records, the weight of the aircraft at takeoff was under the allowable gross weight of 26,900 pounds and the load was distributed so that the center of gravity of the aircraft was within approved limits. Routine position reports were made and when over Burlington, Iowa, at 0536, the flight was cleared to the Liberty Non-Directional Beacon, 16 miles northeast of Kansas City, to descend to and maintain 2,500 feet. At 0627, ARTC (Air Route Traffic Control) cleared the flight to the Kansas City, Missouri ILS (Instrument Landing System) outer marker to maintain 2,500 feet and to contact approach control when over Liberty. Twenty-nine minutes later, at 0656, the flight reported being over Liberty and approach control gave it the 0635 Kansas City, Missouri weather as follows: ceiling measured 600 feet, overcast, visibility 1-1/2 miles, light freezing drizzle, fog, and altimeter setting 29, 89. At this time approach control also verified that the aircraft was to land at the Fairfax Airport, Kansas City, Kansas, and immediately gave it the 0655 Fairfax Airport weather report: ceiling measured 600 feet, overcast, visibility 2 miles, light freezing drizzle, light snow fog and wind northwest 30 m.p.h. This airport is one and one-half miles northwest of the Kansas City Municipal Airport and across the Missouri River. The flight was then cleared to make an ADF approach to Fairfax for a landing on Runway 31 and was requested to report leaving the outer marker. N 49551 reported leaving the outer marker inbound at 0705 and was advised to contact the Fairfax Tower, The flight complied and requested the wind direction and runway in use. The tower replied that the runway was 31, the wind was from the north-northwest 20-30 m.p.h. and gusty, and the altimeter setting was 29.88. A few seconds later the tower also advised that the high intensity approach lights at the Kansas City Municipal Airport were on and if too bright, would be turned down. The flight's acknowledgement was negative and there was no further radio contact. At approximately 0775 the wreckage was located by the Kansas City Municipal Airport Patrol 400 feet north and 156 feet west of the approach and of Runway 17 of that airport.
Probable cause:
The Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was the loss of control of the aircraft at an altitude too low to effect recovery, which loss of control resulted from an accumulation of ice and the use of deicer boots at low air speeds. The following findings were reported:
- The ceiling at the Fairfax Airport during the approach was 100 feet lower than CAA prescribed minimums,
- While attempting a circling approach to Runway 31 the flight encountered conditions of restricted visibility,
- The aircraft had accumulated ice during the approach and descent in sufficient quantity to adversely affect control,
- Deicer boots were operating during the approach thereby increasing the stalling speed.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas DC-3 near Herat: 21 killed

Date & Time: Jan 2, 1954
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Location:
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
18
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
21
Circumstances:
While cruising in a snowstorm, the airplane hit the slope of a mountain located about 50 km from Herat. The wreckage was found few days later and all 21 occupants were killed.

Crash of a Douglas DC-3-314 near Tarabuco: 28 killed

Date & Time: Nov 3, 1953
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CP-600
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Camiri – Sucre
MSN:
2181
YOM:
1940
Country:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
25
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
28
Circumstances:
En route from Camiri to Sucre, the airplane hit the slope of Mt Rodeo Pampa located south of Tarabuco. The wreckage was found few hours later and all 28 occupants have been killed.
Probable cause:
Controlled flight into terrain.

Crash of a Douglas DC-3 near Monterrey: 21 killed

Date & Time: Oct 19, 1953 at 0710 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
XC-PMX
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Monterrey – Falcon
Country:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
18
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
21
Circumstances:
The airplane left Monterrey Airport at 0700LT bound for Falcon, Tamaulipas. About ten minutes later, while climbing, the airplane hit the slope of a mountain and crashed into a deep ravine, about 30 km northeast of the airport. All 21 occupants have been killed. Passengers included leading Mexican journalists and entertainers who were on their way to a meeting between President Eisenhower and President Adolfo Ruiz Cortinez of Mexico, taking part to the ceremonies marking the inauguration of the Falcon Dam at the border between USA and Mexico.

Crash of a Douglas DC-3A in Los Angeles: 1 killed

Date & Time: Jun 29, 1953 at 1726 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N15569
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Los Angeles - Los Angeles
MSN:
4887
YOM:
1942
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Aircraft flight hours:
30793
Circumstances:
The airplane was cleared by the tower at 1723 for takeoff on Runway 25R, for a local VFR flight. On takeoff run at 1725, just when becoming airborne, and near the intersection of Runway 25R with Runway 22-4, it appeared that control of the aircraft had been lost. The right wing dropped and shortly struck the ground. The aircraft was then 15-20 feet high and the right wing remained down and the tail rose. It then veered to the right of the runway cartwheeled over its nose, and came to rest upside down. Fire broke out a few seconds later in the forward portion of the fuselage. Captain Johnson received minor injuries, Copilot Williams was seriously burned, and Company Chief Inspector Stromisky, sitting in the jump seat, was killed. Tower personnel had alerted emergency equipment when the aircraft first appeared to be in trouble, and fire apparatus arrived at the scene within a few minutes and extinguished the fire. The gross weight of the aircraft at the time of takeoff was 21,203 pounds, well below the prescribed maximum of 25,346 pounds, which was distributed within the approved C. G. limits. Weather at the time and place was good, with unlimited ceiling and visibility and a southwest wind at 10 mph.
Probable cause:
The Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was reversed installation of aileron control cables and pulleys, and failure of the inspection department to detect this mistake. The following findings were pointed out:
- During overhaul, aileron control cables were improperly connected,
- Inspection, or lack of inspection, failed to detect this error,
- Lateral control was lost during takeoff and the aircraft overturned,
- Weather at the time was good and had no bearing on the accident.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas DC-3DST-318 near Marshall: 19 killed

Date & Time: May 17, 1953 at 1415 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N28345
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Dallas – Shreveport – Atlanta
MSN:
2224
YOM:
1940
Flight number:
DL318
Location:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
17
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
19
Captain / Total flying hours:
7120
Captain / Total hours on type:
7120.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
2114
Copilot / Total hours on type:
803
Aircraft flight hours:
39000
Circumstances:
Flight 318 departed Dallas, Texas, on a VFR Flight Plan at 1310, on time, for Atlanta, Georgia, with a scheduled stop at Shreveport, Louisiana. The crew consisted of Captain Douglas B. yolk, First Officer James P. Stewart and Stewardess Joanne Carlson; there were 17 passengers including one infant. The aircraft’s gross weight on departure from Dallas was 24,099 pounds, which was within the allowable weight of 25,200 pounds, and the center of gravity was within the prescribed limits. Flight 318 proceeded normally and at 1352 reported to the company station at Longview, Texas, that it was then west of Gladewater, Texas. Longview gave the flight the latest Shreveport weather which was dark scattered clouds at 1,000 feet, ceiling estimated 4,000 feet broken clouds, overcast at 20,000 feet, visibility 10 miles, thunderstorms, light rain showers, wind south 10. Remarks were thunderstorms south, occasional lightning cloud to cloud south. The flight was also advised by the company’s Longview operator that he had been watching thunderstorms east and southeast of the Longview field and suggested that the flight stay well to the north. Flight 318 answered “OK.” At 1408, in the vicinity of Marshall, Texas, the flight made a routine radio contact with Delta’s Shreveport station, during which it was given the Shreveport altimeter setting of 29.78. At this time the flight advised it was changing over to the Shreveport Control Tower frequency. At about 1412, four minutes later, Flight 318 called the Shreveport Control Tower, which cleared it to make a right-hard turn for landing approach to Runway 13 and gave the wind as southeast 10 miles per hour, Flight 318 acknowledged this message and requested the Shreveport weather which was transmitted as dark scattered clouds at 1,000 feet, ceiling estimated 4,000 feet, overcast at 20,000 feet, visibility 10 miles, thunderstorm, light rain shower. The tower also advised of a thunderstorm approximately 15 miles west of Shreveport. This transmission also was acknowledged by the flight. At 1416 the Shreveport Control Tower asked Flight 318 to give a position report. No reply was received, and a number of unsuccessful attempts were then made to contact the flight. At 1428 the tower was advised that an aircraft had crashed near Marshall, Texas. A passenger was seriously injured while 19 other occupants were killed. The aircraft was destroyed.
Probable cause:
The Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was:
- the encountering of conditions in a severe thunderstorm that resulted in loss of effective control of the aircraft, and
- the failure of the captain to adhere to company directives requiring the avoidance of thunderstorms when conditions would allow such action.
The following findings were pointed out:
- The carrier had prepared adequate written instructions against the unnecessary traversing of thunderstorms,
- The captain should have had knowledge of these company instructions,
- While en route, close to and approaching the storm, it was suggested to the captain by company ground personnel that he stay well to the north to avoid the thunderstorm,
- The captain flew directly into the storm without changing course or altitude,
- The captain while on an airway proceeded from VFR into IFR weather without first obtaining an appropriate IFR clearance,
- A very intense localized thunderstorm, accompanied by frequent cloud-to-ground lightning, hail, heavy rain, turbulence, and high winds, was entered by the flight,
- The flight met extraordinary conditions within the storm and was forced to the ground,
- The carrier’s dispatching, pilot briefing and weather dissemination, were satisfactory.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas DC-3C near Cedar Falls: 7 killed

Date & Time: Apr 14, 1953 at 0222 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N65743
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Schedule:
Washington DC – Cleveland – Chicago – Minneapolis – Fargo – Billings – Spokane – Seattle
MSN:
20432
YOM:
1944
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
22
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
7
Captain / Total flying hours:
5100
Captain / Total hours on type:
2061.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
1840
Copilot / Total hours on type:
38
Aircraft flight hours:
12185
Circumstances:
The flight departed Washington National Airport, Washington, D. C., at 0007 EST, April 13, with 12 passengers and crew consisting of Captain L. T. Brannan, Copilot O. T. Thorson, and Stewardess A. Long. At Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, 10 additional passengers plus relief crew Captain A. J. Lerette and Copilot W. E. Harshman boarded the aircraft. These pilots were deadheading to Fargo, North Dakota, where they were to relieve the other pilots. The destination for all passengers was Seattle, Washington. The flight stopped at Cleveland, Ohio, for fuel and oil and arrived at Chicago at 0735 CST. Shortly after takeoff at Chicago, the flight returned owing to rough operation of the left engine. The left magneto of this engine was replaced by a spare carried on the aircraft and the flight again departed at 1215 CST for Minneapolis, made a fuel stop there, and arrived at Fargo, North Dakota, at 16140 CST. Captain Brannan and Copilot Thorson left the flight at this point. One of the relief pilots inquired about the availability of an engine mechanic, stating that one of the engines was spitting and coughing. When he was told it would take about 15 minutes to get a mechanic, he said to disregard it. The left engine started with some difficulty. The flight departed Fargo at 1748 CST and made fuel stops at Billings, Montana, and Felts Field, Spokane, Washington. The pilots did not report any mechanical difficulties over this segment. The flight departed Spokane at 0035, April 14, on an IFR flight plan via Green Airway 2,5,000 feet to Ephrata, Washington, 7,000 feet to Ellensburg, Washington, and 8,000 feet to Seattle. Routine position reports were made, the last being over Ellensburg at 0143 and climbing to 8,000 feet from 7,000. At approximately 0200 the Seattle ARTC Center heard a call on 120.3 mega-cycles from an unidentified aircraft which was believed to be N 657143, advising that estimated time of arrival at Seattle was 0227 and that the aircraft was standing by on Boeing Field Tower frequency (118.3 megacycles). At 0207 the pilot of N 65743 reported an engine failure and requested further clearance. Seattle Center advised the aircraft to contact Seattle Approach Control or Boeing Tower as soon as practicable and cleared at to cross Seattle at or above 4,000, no delay expected. Later transmissions from the aircraft were on Boeing Field Tower frequency, rather than the Approach Control frequency of 119.5 megacycles. Signals from the aircraft were weak and difficult to read by both Approach Control (located in the Seattle-Tacoma Tower) and by the Boeing Field Tower. However, Approach Control had less difficulty than Boeing Field Tower in hearing the aircraft on 118.3 megacycles, so the controller cooperated with Boeing Tower in furnishing them with the content of messages through interphone. The pilot could apparently hear Boeing Tower, but not Approach Control. At 0214, Approach Control heard the pilot of N 65743 report that he was icing up and losing altitude. The flight was cleared for an approach to Boeing Field by the Boeing Field controller upon instructions from Approach Control, and was given current Seattle weather conditions. The last transmission from the aircraft was received at 0222, reporting that the flight was at 4,800 feet. Search and rescue activities were instituted shortly thereafter. Two crew members and five passengers were killed while 18 others were rescued. The aircraft was destroyed.
Probable cause:
The Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was the progressive failure of both engines, due to the lack of compliance with proper maintenance standards. The following findings were pointed out:
- The flight returned to Chicago a few minutes after departure owing to malfunction of the left engine, and the left magneto was changed; this magneto was later found to be in a satisfactory condition,
- Although engine malfunctions were again experienced while en route west of Chicago, the pilots failed to have the difficulties corrected,
- First one engine, then the other, progressively failed while the flight was on its last route segment, resulting in a crash in the Cascade Mountains,
- There was evidence that detonation and preignition took place in both engines and that they ultimately failed as a result of master rod bearing failures,
- Spark plugs in both engines had been operated beyond their normal maintenance inspection period and exhibited evidence of a condition conducive to detonation and preignition.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas DC-3D in Spernall

Date & Time: Jan 1, 1953 at 1100 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
EI-ACF
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Dublin – Birmingham
MSN:
42957
YOM:
1946
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
22
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
7303
Captain / Total hours on type:
3369.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
3599
Copilot / Total hours on type:
2668
Aircraft flight hours:
10968
Circumstances:
Christened 'St Kieran', the aircraft left Dublin at 0936LT Bound for Birmingham, carrying 22 passengers and a crew of three. While cruising at an altitude of 5,000 feet, both engines lost power. The crew decided to make an emergency landing and the aircraft came to rest in a field located in Spernall. It was damaged beyond repair while all 25 occupants were evacuated safely, except for the copilot who was injured.
Probable cause:
The primary cause of the accident was loss of engine power due to fuel starvation. The Inquiry found that this was caused by selecting the port engine to the right main tank to which the starboard engine was also selected. The loss of engine power alone was the sole cause of the accident, which could have been avoided had the crew diagnosed the cause of the trouble and changed the fuel feed to another tank. The failure to diagnose fuel starvation was probably due to the circumstances: i.e. first, the lack of coordinated effort by the Captain and First Officer after the engines cut; second, the knowledge of the crew that ample fuel for the flight was on board and their belief that the engines were drawing from their respective main tanks. The actual forced landing of the aircraft in conditions of low cloud, poor forward visibility and unfavorable terrain was skilfully executed and resulted in the passengers escaping unharmed.
Final Report: