Crash of a Cessna 402B in North Perry: 2 killed

Date & Time: Aug 27, 1992 at 1030 LT
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
N6AT
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Schedule:
North Perry - Homestead
MSN:
402B-0539
YOM:
1973
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Captain / Total flying hours:
562
Captain / Total hours on type:
56.00
Aircraft flight hours:
4244
Circumstances:
The aircraft was engaged in a voluntary relief flight for the victims of hurricane Andrew. All of the seats had been removed from the cabin section of the aircraft. There were no weight scales used in the loading of the cargo onto the aircraft. The private pilot did not have a multi engine rating on his pilot certificate. The aircraft crashed into a residence one half mile from the departure end of the runway. Witnesses stated that the aircraft used most of the available runway prior to liftoff. After liftoff, the aircraft appeared to climb in an unstable condition prior to the accident. Investigation revealed that the aircraft was 1112.2 pounds over the maximum gross takeoff weight at the time of the departure. All three occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
The failure of the pilot to perform preflight planning in that the weight and balance of the aircraft were exceeded. The pilot's lack of experience in the type of aircraft and lack of multi engine certification.
Final Report:

Crash of a Tupolev TU-154B in Tbilisi: 28 killed

Date & Time: Jul 20, 1992
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
85222
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Tbilisi - Mineralnye Vody
MSN:
77A222
YOM:
1977
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
8
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
16
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
28
Circumstances:
During the takeoff roll on runway 31R at Tbilisi-Novo Alekseyevka Airport, after V1 speed, the pilot-in-command started the rotation. The nose gear lifted off and the aircraft nosed up to an angle of 6-7°. Both main landing gear failed to lift off and the aircraft continued to roll until the end of the runway. It overran, rolled 490 metres, struck the localizer antenna, continued for 190 metres and eventually crashed in a residential area, bursting into flames. The aircraft as well as nine houses were totally destroyed. All 24 occupants as well as four people on the ground were killed, 10 others were seriously injured.
Probable cause:
The aircraft was engaged in a cargo flight and was loaded with 20 tons of tea. Following violation of loading regulations on part of the ground personnel, three tons were loaded unbeknownst to the crew. Manifest and weight & balance sheet were incorrect and the aircraft was overloaded by 2 tons at the time of the accident. Also, the CofG was outside the forward limit. All 16 passengers did not have any ticket and were not authorized to embark on such commercial cargo flight.

Crash of a De Havilland DHC-5 Buffalo in Nairobi: 52 killed

Date & Time: Apr 16, 1992
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
KAF214
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Nairobi - Nanyuki
MSN:
123
YOM:
1986
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
42
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
52
Circumstances:
Shortly after takeoff from runway 06 at Nairobi-Eastleigh Airport (Moi Air Base), while in initial climb, the left engine failed and its propeller autofeathered. The captain contacted ATC, declared an emergency and was cleared to turn left. Following a left hand circuit, the crew again turned to the left and prepared to land on runway 06 when the aircraft entered an area of low clouds. The crew momentarily lost visual contact with the runway when the aircraft stalled and crashed onto several houses located in the district of Kaloleni, less than 2 km short of runway 06 threshold. The aircraft and few houses were destroyed. All 46 occupants as well as 6 people on the ground were killed.
Probable cause:
The exact cause of the left engine failure could not be determined.

Crash of a Lockheed C-130B Hercules in Evansville: 17 killed

Date & Time: Feb 6, 1992 at 1000 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
58-0732
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Evansville - Evansville
MSN:
3527
YOM:
1959
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
17
Circumstances:
The crew was completing a local training flight at Evansville-William H. Dress Airport on behalf of the Kentucky National Guard, consisting of touch-and-go maneuvers. On approach to runway 22, the crew was instructed by ATC to initiate a go-around for unknown reasons. The crew increased engine power and climbed to a height of 1,500 feet when the aircraft entered a nose down attitude, plunged and crashed onto an hotel located 4,800 feet short of runway 22 threshold. The aircraft, the hotel and a restaurant were destroyed. All five crew members as well as 11 people on the hotel/restaurant were killed. A police officer who was seriously injured in the accident died from his injuries 10 days later.
Probable cause:
It is believed that the loss of control was the consequence of negligences on part of the crew who maintained an insufficient speed while initiating a go-around procedure, causing the aircraft to suffer an aerodynamic stall.

Crash of an Embraer EMB-110P1 Bandeirante in Recife: 17 killed

Date & Time: Nov 11, 1991 at 2143 LT
Operator:
Registration:
PT-SCU
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Recife - Maceió - Aracajú - Salvador
MSN:
110-314
YOM:
1980
Flight number:
NES115
Country:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
12
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
17
Captain / Total flying hours:
4295
Captain / Total hours on type:
901.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
2604
Copilot / Total hours on type:
1401
Aircraft flight hours:
3973
Circumstances:
During the takeoff roll on runway 36 at Recife-Guararapes Airport, the right engine failed. The crew decided to continue the takeoff procedure and completed the rotation after a course of 900 metres. Thirty seconds after rotation, at a height of about 100 feet, the right engine caught fire and exploded. The crew lost control of the airplane that crashed in the district of Ipsep near the airport. The aircraft and several buildings were destroyed. All 15 occupants as well as two people on the ground were killed.
Probable cause:
The accident was the consequence of the failure of the right engine during takeoff. It was determined that the temperature indicator for the right engine was faulty, displaying a lower than actual temperature. The engine operated for some time at high temperatures because of the faulty system. It was also found that, after completion, some maintenance and inspection tasks were just signed by the maintenance engineer. Signatures from the maintenance inspector were missing.
The following contributing factors were reported:
- Poor crew reaction to an emergency situation,
- Poor maintenance,
- Manufacturing deficiency,
- The crew failed to abort the takeoff procedure.
Final Report:

Crash of a Cessna 414 Chancellor in Long Beach: 2 killed

Date & Time: Oct 26, 1991 at 0901 LT
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
N3843C
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Long Beach - Scottsdale
MSN:
414-0846
YOM:
1975
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
1
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Captain / Total flying hours:
1510
Captain / Total hours on type:
317.00
Aircraft flight hours:
2711
Circumstances:
The pilot reported that he had lost the left engine during the initial climb phase of a cross-country flight. Ground witnesses observed that the airplane's landing gear was down and the left propeller was feathered as it turned left onto the downwind leg of the traffic pattern. Other witnesses observed the airplane's wings dip before it nosed over into the terrain while turning onto the final approach course. The airplane struck the ground and a fence that separated two residential yards. The wreckage examination disclosed that the left engine's scavenge pump failed. This failure led the pilot to believe that the engine failed. The pilot's improper emergency procedures by failing to retract the landing gear and maintain airspeed precipitated the resulting stall and uncontrolled descent. Both occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
The pilot's improper emergency procedures by not retracting the landing gear when he shut the engine down and his failure to maintain airspeed. The scavenge pump failure, shutting down the engine and the inadvertent stall were factors in the accident.
Final Report:

Crash of a Lockheed C-130H-30 Hercules in Jakarta: 135 killed

Date & Time: Oct 5, 1991 at 1500 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
A-1324
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Jakarta - Bandung
MSN:
4927
YOM:
1982
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
12
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
122
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
135
Circumstances:
The four engine aircraft was returning to Bandung, carrying 122 airmen who had just took part to the annual Armed Forces Day ceremony at Jakarta-Halim Perdanakusuma Airport. One minute after takeoff, while in initial climb, the crew declared an emergency and reported engine problems. After being cleared to return for an emergency landing, the crew lost control of the airplane that stalled and crashed on a building housing the Department of Labour. A passenger survived while 133 other occupants were killed as well as two security guards working in the building.
Probable cause:
Loss of control after the engine n°3 caught fire during initial climb for unknown reasons.

Crash of a Beechcraft C99 Airliner in Birmingham: 13 killed

Date & Time: Jul 10, 1991 at 1812 LT
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
N7217L
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Schedule:
Mobile - Birmingham
MSN:
U-226
YOM:
1984
Flight number:
LEX502
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
13
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
13
Captain / Total flying hours:
4141
Captain / Total hours on type:
553.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
1545
Copilot / Total hours on type:
170
Aircraft flight hours:
9127
Circumstances:
The airplane crashed into houses while on an ILS approach to runway 05 at the Birmingham Airport. The weather briefing data that the captain received in Mobile was accurate, advising him to expect thunderstorms in the Birmingham area. Birmingham atis information whiskey and xray, mentioning thunderstorms, was also accurate, and the flight crew heard them, as well as information from the approach controller that the airport was experiencing thunderstorm activity. The captain and a passenger survived while 13 other occupants were killed. There were no injuries on the ground.
Probable cause:
The decision of the captain to initiate and continue an instrument approach into clearly identified thunderstorm activity, resulting in a loss of control of the airplane from which the flight crew was unable to recover and subsequent collision with obstacles and the terrain.
Final Report:

Crash of a Cessna 411 in North Fort Myers

Date & Time: Jun 27, 1991 at 2047 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N4940T
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Schedule:
North Fort Myers - North Fort Myers
MSN:
411-0140
YOM:
1965
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
4
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
1000
Captain / Total hours on type:
52.00
Aircraft flight hours:
3358
Circumstances:
Pilot stated left engine lost power followed by the right engine. He initiated a left turn back to the airport but did not shutdown engines in accordance with emergency procedures. The acft yawed left and fell off on the left wing as if it had stalled. He regained partial control and aimed for a street. Acft hit roof of house while in right bank and then cartwheeled across the street. Left engine was found to have severe detonation damage and the turbocharger waste gate door was missing antivibration spring. The pin connecting the door and actuator was failed. Evidence indicated pin had failed prior to accident flight. Soot inside left wastegate indicated door had been fully closed for sometime. No evidence to indicate failure or malfunction of the right engine was found and right propeller showed damage indicative of rotation under power at ground impact.
Probable cause:
The pilot in commands failure to follow emergency procedures and his failure to maintain airspeed following loss of power in one engine resulting in an inadvertent stall and the inflight loss of control with subsequent inflight collision with an object and the terrain during an uncontrolled descent.
Final Report:

Crash of a Piper PA-61 Aerostar (Ted Smith 601) in Merion: 3 killed

Date & Time: Apr 4, 1991 at 1210 LT
Registration:
N3645D
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Williamsport – Philadelphia
MSN:
61-0844-8162153
YOM:
1981
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Captain / Total flying hours:
1876
Aircraft flight hours:
2739
Circumstances:
Piper Aerostar 601, N3645D, was arriving as Bell 412 (helicopter), N78S, was departing. N3645D reported the aircraft's nose gear indicator light did not illuminate to verify the nose gear was down and locked. Crew of N78S heard the communication and saw N3645D as they crossed beneath N3645D's approach path. They reported N3546D's nose gear appeared to be extended. N3645D flew past the tower and tower personnel also reported the nose gear appeared to be extended. As N3645D was cleared to turn downwind, N78S offered to join for a closer look. Captain of N3645D accepted the offer. During joinup, N78S converged from left rear, then reported they would pass around the right side and look at everything as they went by. They reported that everything looked ok. Moments later, the two aircrafts collided and crashed to the ground. No mechanical reason was found that would have resulted in the accident. None of the pilots had training for flight in close proximity to another aircraft. There were indications the captain of N3645D lacked training in aircraft systems and that his employer (the operator) lacked surveillance by the FAA. The emergency procedure section of the Aerostar flight manual lacked info on emergency gear extension. All three occupants were killed as well as both pilots on board the helicopter. Four other people on the ground were injured, one seriously.
Probable cause:
The poor judgement by the captain of the airplane to permit the inflight inspection after he had determined to the best of his ability that the nose landing gear was fully extended, the poor judgment of the captain of the helicopter to conduct the inspection, and the failure of the flightcrew of the helicopter to maintain safe separation. Contributing to the accident was the incomplete training and checking that the flightcrew of N3645D received from lycoming air service and the faa principal operations inspector assigned to the operator.
Final Report: