Landing (descent or approach)

Flight Type:

Humanitarian

Survivors:

Site:

Mountains

Schedule:

Split - Sarajevo

MSN:

4017

Location:

Sarajevo

East Herzegovina

Country:

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Region:

Europe

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Circumstances:

The twin engine aircraft departed Split on a special flight to Sarajevo on behalf of the United Nations Organization, and was carrying a load of blankets for the homeless people in Sarajevo. While approaching Sarajevo-Butmir Airport at an altitude of 15,000 feet, the aircraft was shot down by a Stinger missile, entered a dive and crashed in a wooded area located on Mt Zec, about 35 km west of Sarajevo. The aircraft was totally destroyed and all four crew members from the 46th Brigade were killed.
Crew:
Lt Col Marco Setti,
Maj Marco Rigliaco,
Mar Giuseppe Buttaglieri,
Mar Giuliano Velardi.

Probable cause:

Shot down by a Stinger missile.

Crash of a Tupolev TU-134A-3 in Kharkiv

Date & Time: Aug 29, 1992

Type of aircraft:

Tupolev TU-134

Operator:

Registration:

CCCP-65810

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

MSN:

3 35 22 01

YOM:

1973

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Aircraft flight hours:

26173

Aircraft flight cycles:

18701

Circumstances:

For unknown reasons, the aircraft landed too far down the runway at Kharkiv-Osnova Airport. Unable to stop within the remaining distance, it overran and came to rest. All 58 occupants escaped uninjured while the aircraft was considered as damaged beyond repair.

Crash of a BAc 111-208AL in Kaduna

Date & Time: Aug 29, 1992

Type of aircraft:

BAc 111

Operator:

Hold-Trade Air

Registration:

5N-HTA

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

MSN:

051

YOM:

1965

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Circumstances:

On approach to Kaduna Airport, the crew encountered poor weather conditions with limited visibility due to heavy rain falls. On short final, the aircraft entered a rain squall and the pilots momentarily lost visual contact with the runway lights. The aircraft descended until it struck the runway surface and bounced. Out of control, it veered off runway to the right and came to rest. All 73 occupants were rescued (among them 13 were injured) while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.

Probable cause:

The crew decided to continue the approach after he lost visual contact with the runway lights, and failed to initiate a go-around procedure. The lack of visibility due to heavy rain falls was considered as a contributing factor.

Crash of a Tupolev TU-134A in Ivanovo: 84 killed

Date & Time: Aug 27, 1992 at 2244 LT

Type of aircraft:

Tupolev TU-134

Operator:

Registration:

CCCP-65058

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

Schedule:

Mineralnye Vody - Donetsk - Ivanovo

MSN:

49868

YOM:

1977

Flight number:

SU2808

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Aircraft flight hours:

26307

Aircraft flight cycles:

16388

Circumstances:

The aircraft departed Mineralnye Vody on a schedule service to Ivanovo with an intermediate stop in Donetsk. Following an uneventful flight, the crew initiated the descent to Ivanovo-Yuzhny Airport. The visibility was limited due to the night and poor weather conditions. On final approach, the aircraft was not properly aligned on the glide and the copilot and the navigator attempted to inform the captain about the deviation but without success. The captain continued the approach in a wrong configuration when, at a speed of 370 km/h and a rate of descent of 6 metres per second, the left wing struck a residential building. The aircraft entered a nose-down attitude and crashed 512 metres further, some 2,450 metres short of runway 29, bursting into flames. The aircraft was totally destroyed and all 84 occupants were killed.

Probable cause:

The accident was the consequence of a wrong approach configuration on part of the crew. The captain ignored several alerts from the copilot and the navigator and failed to initiate a go-around procedure despite the GPWS alarm sounded for about 10 seconds. The following contributing factors were reported:
- Loss of altitude control in adverse weather conditions following a premature descent,
- The crew failed to follow the published approach procedures, which resulted in the aircraft approaching the airport at an insufficient altitude and at an excessive speed,
- The 4th turn was completed too late at a distance less than calculated, which caused the aircraft to deviate from the approach path with a separation (deviation) of 1,900 metres to the right of the approach path at a distance of 8,600 metres from the runway threshold at an altitude of 500 metres,
- The captain decided to continue the approach while a landing was obviously impossible,
- A total interruption of interactions within the crew during the approach procedure, which brang the captain in a delicate situation without any assistance from the other members of the crew and causing a regular loss of the altitude control,
- The crew let the aircraft passing the admissible vertical speed during the final approach,
- Failure of the crew to initiate a go-around procedure while the Ground Proximity Warning System alarm sounded for about 10 seconds,
- Excessive corrective maneuvers on part of the captain which caused the aircraft to enter a roll angle greater than the permissible limits,
- The violation by the crew of the approach pattern was facilitated by the lack of assistance from ATC at Ivanovo Airport.

Crash of a Beechcraft A90 King Air in Palacios

Date & Time: Aug 26, 1992

Type of aircraft:

Beechcraft 90 King Air

Operator:

Registration:

HR-IAG

Flight Phase:

Charter/Taxi (Non Scheduled Revenue Flight)

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

Schedule:

La Ceiba - Palacios

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Circumstances:

Following an uneventful flight from La Ceiba, the pilot initiated the approach to Palacios Airport. On final, the aircraft was too high and descended too fast. It landed too far down the grassy runway, about two third of its length, and was unable to stop within the remaining distance. It overran and collided with a building located 65 metres further. All five occupants escaped with minor injuries and the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.

Probable cause:

Wrong approach configuration on part of the pilot who landed too far down the runway after the aircraft approached too high and at an excessive speed. The pilot failed to initiate a go-around procedure.

Crash of a BAc 111-204AF in Sokoto

Date & Time: Aug 23, 1992

Type of aircraft:

BAc 111

Operator:

Registration:

5N-KBA

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

MSN:

179

YOM:

1968

Location:

Sokoto

Country:

Nigeria

Region:

Africa

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Circumstances:

Following a poor flight and approach planning, the crew landed at the old Sokoto Airport. After touchdown, the pilots realized their mistake and attempted to take off but eventually decided to initiate an emergency braking procedure due to the presence of high tension cables at the end of the runway. Unable to stop within the remaining distance, the aircraft overran, lost its undercarriage and slid for few dozen metres before coming to rest. All 57 occupants evacuated safely while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.

Probable cause:

Poor flight and landing planning on part of the crew who completed the landing on the wrong airport. The following contributing factors were reported:
- Erroneous actions on part of the crew,
- Poor crew decisions,
- Poor crew coordination,
- Absence of crew cross checks,
- Lack of ATC assistance.

Crash of a Socata TBM-700 in South Lake Tahoe

Date & Time: Aug 22, 1992 at 1303 LT

Type of aircraft:

Socata TBM-700

Operator:

Stage Aviation

Registration:

N339W

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Private

Survivors:

Site:

Convair CV-440 Metropolitan

Schedule:

Monterey - South Lake Tahoe

MSN:

YOM:

1992

Location:

South Lake Tahoe

California

Country:

United States of America

Region:

North America

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Captain / Total flying hours:

845

Captain / Total hours on type:

50.00

Copilot / Total flying hours:

246

Aircraft flight hours:

Circumstances:

According to the aircraft occupants, the aircraft owner, who holds a commercial pilot and cfi certificates, was occupying the right front seat. A friend of the pilot, a 246 hour private pilot with no experience in high performance turbine powered aircraft, was in the left seat and flying the aircraft under the direction of the owner. While on a straight in approach to the airport, the flight was advised three times by the atct of a variable right cross wind from 200 to 220° at speeds from 8 to 14 knots, with higher gust components. The tower also advised the flight of reports of light to moderate turbulence all the way to the ground. Both pilots reported that the aircraft had just touched down on runway 18 when a sudden cross wind gust lifted the right wing. The private pilot did not correct the situation and the aircraft owner could not overpower the other pilots control inputs in time to correct for the wind gust. The left wing tip drug the ground and the aircraft cartwheeled off the left side of the runway and into an airport fence.

Probable cause:

The failure of both pilots to adequately anticipate and compensate for the variable cross wind condition, and, the pilot in command's inadequate supervision of the flight. A factor in the accident was the left seat pilot's limited total experience and experience in high performance aircraft types.

Final Report:

Crash of a Convair CV-440-80 Metropolitan in Mt Chacaltaya: 10 killed

Date & Time: Aug 21, 1992

Type of aircraft:

Operator:

Registration:

CP-1961

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Cargo

Survivors:

Site:

Mountains

Schedule:

Santa Ana del Yacuma - La Paz

MSN:

405

YOM:

1957

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Circumstances:

The aircraft was completing a cargo flight from Santa Ana del Yacuma to La Paz, carrying seven passengers, three crew members and a load of meat. While descending to La Paz-El Alto Airport, the crew encountered poor weather conditions and limited visibility when the aircraft struck the slope of Mt Chacaltaya (5,421 metres high) located 19 km north of the airport. The aircraft was destroyed upon impact and all 10 occupants were killed.

Probable cause:

Controlled flight into terrain after the crew initiated the descent prematurely.

Crash of a Piper PA-31-310 Navajo C off Oulu

Date & Time: Aug 20, 1992

Type of aircraft:

Piper PA-31-310 Navajo

Operator:

Registration:

OH-PRA

Flight Phase:

Survey / Patrol / Reconnaissance

Flight Type:

Survivors: