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Crash of a Polikarpov AP in Urganch

Date & Time: Jun 24, 1938
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-A512
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
MSN:
5926
YOM:
1934
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
1
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Circumstances:
After takeoff, the pilot elected to make some low passes over the post office. From a height between 50 and 80 metres, he completed several circuits and turns when the aircraft hit the ground and crashed in a garden. The passenger was killed and the pilot was injured.
Probable cause:
Carelessness on part of the pilot who completed hazardous manoeuvres at an insufficient altitude.

Crash of a Putilov Stal-3 in Strogino: 6 killed

Date & Time: Jun 22, 1938 at 1500 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-L1206
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Moscow - Moscow
MSN:
206
YOM:
1935
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
5
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
6
Aircraft flight hours:
453
Circumstances:
The single engine airplane departed Moscow-Tushino on a local post maintenance test flight. On board were one pilot, one technician, one engineer, one guard and two firefighters from the airport. After 15 minutes of flight, the pilot initiated the approach. As he was not properly aligned, he raised the flaps but did not increase the engine power, causing the aircraft to glide the to 'slid' to the left and to descend. From a height of about 100 metres, the aircraft stalled and crashed in a field. All six occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
It was determined that the accident was the consequence of a wrong approach configuration on part of the pilot who failed to increase engine power to initiate a go around procedure.

Crash of a Tupolev ANT-9 in Novosibirsk

Date & Time: May 15, 1938
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-L125
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Novosibirsk – Moscow
MSN:
126
YOM:
1931
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
0
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
After takeoff from Novosibirsk Airport, while climbing to an altitude of 850 metres, the crew realized that the water temperature on the left engine was about 100° C. The pilot decided to attempt an emergency landing and reduced his altitude. At a height of about 200 metres, the mechanic made a mistake, positioning the elevator in a wrong angle. This caused the aircraft to nose up, to stall and eventually to crash. All occupants evacuated with minor injuries and the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.
Probable cause:
It was determined that the left engine overheated because of a loss of water in the cooling system, this following the loss of the collector's cap. This resulted in a stall at low altitude due to the fact that the aircraft's speed was insufficient.

Crash of a Polikarpov SP in Tsaryshanka: 2 killed

Date & Time: May 2, 1938 at 1500 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-L2056
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Tsaryshanka - Tsaryshanka
MSN:
8109
YOM:
1936
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Aircraft flight hours:
866
Aircraft flight cycles:
1555
Circumstances:
Two Polikarpov SP were dispatched from Dnepropetrovsk to Tsaryshanka to perform 3-5 minutes demo flight to local farmers. Two local police officers boarded the airplane and after takeoff, the pilot climbed to an altitude of 350-400 metres when he initiated hazardous manoeuvres. Following several sharp turns, he lost control of the airplane that dove into the ground and crashed in an open field. A passenger was killed and both other occupants were injured. The pilot died two days later from injuries sustained.
Probable cause:
Loss of control after the pilot attempted hazardous manoeuvres with passengers on board, in violation of the prescribed procedures.

Crash of a Tupolev ANT-9 near Shaki: 3 killed

Date & Time: Apr 9, 1938 at 0635 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-L190
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Yevlakh – Shaki – Zagatala
MSN:
191
YOM:
1934
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
1
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Circumstances:
While approaching Shaki on a cargo flight from Yevlakh, the airplane entered an area of fog. The pilot elected to return when the airplane impact the slope of a mountain and was destroyed. All three occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
Controlled flight into terrain after the pilot violated several rules of the air manual.
The following contributing factors were identified:
- Lack of discipline at the airport of Yevlakh,
- The aircraft was 250 kg overweight at the time of the accident.

Crash of a Polikarpov SP in Lake Onega: 3 killed

Date & Time: Apr 5, 1938
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-L1779
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Pudozh - Petrozavodsk
MSN:
7615
YOM:
1935
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Aircraft flight hours:
2040
Aircraft flight cycles:
1537
Circumstances:
Due to poor weather conditions in Pudozh on April 4, the pilot was forced to pass the overnight in Pudozh and postponed his departure to Petrozavodsk to April 5. He departed Pudozh in the morning with two passengers. After passing over Shala Pristan, the airplane entered over Lake Onega when weather conditions deteriorated with heavy snow falls. Unable to fix his position, the pilot decided to return when he lost control of the airplane that crashed on the iced Lake Onega. The wreckage was found four hours later. All three occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
The accident was the consequence of the following:
- The pilot decided to takeoff from Pudozh without any weather briefing;
- Poor flight preparation and assistance;
- After entering Lake Onega, weather conditions worsened and the pilot continued rather than returning to Pudozh;
- The pilot lost his bearings in poor visibility and lost control of the airplane;
- Overconfidence on part of the pilot.

Crash of a Polikarpov P-5 in Yerevan

Date & Time: Mar 10, 1938
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-L1950
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Yerevan - Abaryan
MSN:
4609
YOM:
1932
Location:
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
1
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The single engine airplane was completing a mail flight from Yerevan to Abaryan, carrying one mechanic, one pilot and a load of 119 kg of mail. Ten minutes after takeoff, while flying at an insufficient height, the airplane impacted the snow covered ground, overturned and crashed. Both occupants were injured and the airplane was destroyed.
Probable cause:
Controlled flight into terrain after the pilot continued the flight at an unsafe altitude, due to poor judgment of the distance between the aircraft and the ground.

Crash of a Polikarpov P-Z near Karataly: 1 killed

Date & Time: Feb 20, 1938
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-L2398
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Karaganda – Balkhash
MSN:
2846
YOM:
1937
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Aircraft flight hours:
149
Circumstances:
The pilot departed Karaganda Airport at 0850LT on a mail flight to Balkhash. En route, he encountered thick fog when the airplane impacted the slope of a mountain. The wreckage was found on 8 March 1938 some 20 km southeast of the village of Karataly. The airplane was destroyed and the pilot was killed.
Probable cause:
The accident is the consequence of a controlled flight into terrain after the pilot lost his orientation in fog.
The following contributing factors were identified:
- Poor visibility due to thick fog;
- The pilot decided to continue the flight in such conditions rather than returning to his departure point;
- The airplane impacted terrain at a speed of 350 - 400 km/h.

Crash of a Polikarpov P-5 near Kichik-Dekhna: 2 killed

Date & Time: Jan 26, 1938
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-L1616
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Yevlakh - Yevlakh
MSN:
9343
YOM:
1934
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Circumstances:
The crew departed Yevlakh Airport at 0840LT on a local training flight. Bound to the north. the crew encountered limited visibility due to low clouds. The pilot-in-command saw a mountain and attempted to gain height when the airplane impacted the slope of Mt Chavurdasy located north of the village of Kichik-Dekhna. The wreckage was found at an altitude of 750 metres and both pilots were killed.
Probable cause:
The accident was the consequence of the decision of the crew to perform a training flight without prior permission and without any information about the weather conditions en route.

Crash of a Putilov Stal-3 in Brovary: 4 killed

Date & Time: Dec 29, 1937
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-L1228
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Kiev - Kiev
MSN:
228
YOM:
1935
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
6
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
4
Aircraft flight hours:
1215
Circumstances:
Following a flight from Dniepropetrovsk to Kyiv, the pilot reported technical problems with various instruments such as the horizon and the speed indicator. Several repairs were made and the pilot decided to perform a local test flight. Four engineers and two employees of the airport boarded the plane. After takeoff, at a height of about 100 metres, the pilot completed a series of five turns when the airplane rolled to the right, descended to the ground and crashed near Brovary. Four passengers were killed and three other occupants were injured.
Probable cause:
The accident was the consequence of the following factors:
- The airplane' speed was estimated to be 170 km/h prior to the series of turns then dropped to 110 km/h during the last turn, causing a stall,
- The pilot failed to pay attention to the instruments and probably lost his bearings.