Crash of a Lockheed L-188C Electra in Chicago: 37 killed

Date & Time: Sep 17, 1961 at 0857 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N137US
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Milwaukee – Chicago – Tampa – Fort Lauderdale – Miami
MSN:
1142
YOM:
1961
Flight number:
NW706
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
32
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
37
Captain / Total flying hours:
15898
Captain / Total hours on type:
314.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
6643
Copilot / Total hours on type:
90
Aircraft flight hours:
614
Circumstances:
At approximately 0855 1, the flight was cleared for takeoff on runway 14R. At this time the aircraft was taxing on a westerly heading in the runup area adjacent to runway 14R. Flight 706 acknowledged the clearance, while continuing toward the runway, and made a running takeoff No witnesses were found who observed the actual lift-off. N137US was observed after lift-off, 3,000 to 4,000 feet down the runway at an estimated altitude of 50 to 75 feet and in a normal climb attitude. At the 8,000-foot marker the altitude of the aircraft was estimated to have been approximately 100 feet, which is a slightly lower altitude than Electra aircraft normally attain at this point during takeoff. Five witnesses noted a change in engine sound during this portion of the flight. Between the 8,000 and the 9,000 foot runway marker the aircraft was observed to commence an apparently coordinated right turn with a slowly increasing rate of bank. When the bank angle was 30 to 45 degrees, the crew made a short, garbled transmission. Immediately thereafter, at a bank angle of 50 to 60 degrees, the aircraft began to lose altitude. The minimum altitude attained in the entire turn was 200 to 300 feet. The right wing near the No. 4 engine struck powerlines adjacent to the Chicago Northwestern Railroad tracks, severing the lines at an angle of about 70 degrees from the horizontal, and causing a bright bluish flash. The aircraft then continued in a direction of about 271 degrees magnetic and, when in a bank of about 85 degrees and a nose-down attitude of about 10 degrees, the right wing of the aircraft struck the railroad embankment. Continuing to roll about its longitudinal axis, the aircraft cartwheeled, the nose crashing into the ground 380 feet beyond the point of first Impact, and landed right side up It then slid tall first another 820 feet. The aircraft disintegrated throughout its path, and wreckage was strewn over an area 200 feet wide and 1,200 feet long. Evidence of ground fire was found at various points along this path. Impact occurred on airport property about 3,800 feet abeam and to the right of the end of runway 14R, about 500 feet north of Irving Park Road. After passing beyond the railroad embankment the aircraft was lost to view by most of the eye witnesses because of trees and other obstructions; immediately thereafter a large mushroom of orange-red flame accompanied by heavy black smoke was seen. Time of impact was established as 0857. The aircraft was demolished by impact and fire. All occupants were fatally injured.
Probable cause:
The Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was a mechanical failure in the aileron primary control system due to an improper replacement of the aileron boost assembly, resulting in a loss of lateral control of the aircraft at an altitude too low to effect recovery.
Final Report:

Crash of a Lockheed L-049 Constellation in Hinsdale: 78 killed

Date & Time: Sep 1, 1961 at 0205 LT
Operator:
Registration:
N86511
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Boston – New York – Pittsburgh – Chicago – Las Vegas – Los Angeles – San Francisco
MSN:
2035
YOM:
1945
Flight number:
TW529
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
73
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
78
Captain / Total flying hours:
17011
Captain / Total hours on type:
12633.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
5344
Copilot / Total hours on type:
1975
Aircraft flight hours:
43112
Circumstances:
During engine runup, Flight 529 was given its air traffic control clearance which was: "cleared to the Las Vegas Airport via Victor 6 Naperville, Victor 8 flight plan route, maintain 5,000 feet." The clearance was acknowledged correctly and TWA Flight 529 departed on runway 22L at 0200, making a right turn out of traffic. The 0200 Midway Airport weather was: scattered clouds at 10,000 feet; high overcast, visibility three miles in haze and smoke; wind south eight knots. The Chicago O'Hare Airport weather at 0200 was: partial obscuration; scattered clouds 15,000 feet; high overcast; visibility two and one-half miles in ground fog and smoke; wind south six knots. Radar contact was established with the flight one minute and 34 seconds after the flight acknowledged takeoff clearance and as the aircraft proceeded outbound in a right turn. At 0204, Flight 529 was observed on radar by the departure controller to be five miles west of Midway Airport proceeding on course. Northwest Airlines Flight 105 was cleared for takeoff on runway 22L at Midway, and took off Immediately. The ground controller observed a flash west of Midway Airport at this time and asked Flight 105 if he had seen a flash. Flight 105 advised that they had seen a flash fire and would fly over the area. As Flight 105 reported over the fire, the radar range was noted to be nine miles west of Midway Airport and the radar return of TWA. Flight 529 had disappeared from the scope. It was later determined that Flight 529 had crashed at this site and that the observed ground fire was the result of the accident. The airplane disintegrated in a field and all 78 occupants have been killed.
Probable cause:
The Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was the loss of an AN-175-21 nickel steel bolt from the parallelogiam linkage of the elevator boost system, resulting in loss of control of the aircraft.
Final Report:

Crash of a Lockheed P2V-7 Neptune near Oceana NAS

Date & Time: Aug 28, 1961
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
140965
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
MSN:
726-7067
Crew on board:
0
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
Crashed in unknown circumstances. Crew fate remains unknown.

Crash of a Consolidated PBY-5A Catalina in Walterboro

Date & Time: Aug 14, 1961
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N10019
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Walterboro – Charleston
MSN:
1697
YOM:
1944
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The aircraft was to be ferried from Walterboro to Charleston, South Carolina, after a period of non-use, except one flight, of about two years. Following takeoff and two circles in the vicinity of the airport, course was set for Charleston at an altitude of about 1,000 feet. Shortly thereafter the left engine followed by the right began to surge and lose power. In the attempt to reach an open field beyond trees the aircraft stalled and crashed. All three crew members were uninjured while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.
Source:
https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19610814-1
Probable cause:
Examination of the wreckage revealed water contamination of the fuel system of the aircraft. Evidence of water was found in the left main fuel feed line and cylinders of the left engine. The right carburetor screen was excessively corroded and a fuel sample showed pronounced evidence of water. Cylinders of the right engine revealed water. The left and right fuel selector valve screen showed no evidence of having been pulled and cleaned and there was water present in both screens. The refueling facility from which the aircraft had been refueled was examined for water but none was found. From the above evidence it was obvious that water contamination caused the power failure and that preparation of the aircraft for the flight after a prolonged period of non-use was inadequate.

Crash of a Lockheed L-1049C Super Constellation in New York

Date & Time: Aug 3, 1961
Operator:
Registration:
N6220C
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
New York – San Juan
MSN:
4528
YOM:
1953
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
While taxiing at Idlewild Airport, preparing for a cargo flight to San Juan, one of the main gear collapsed. The aircraft sank on its belly and came to rest in flames. All three crew members were uninjured while the aircraft was destroyed by fire.
Probable cause:
Undercarriage failure during taxi.

Crash of a Douglas DC-6A in Shemya: 6 killed

Date & Time: Jul 21, 1961 at 0211 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N6118C
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Everett – Travis – Anchorage – Shemya – Tachikawa
MSN:
45243
YOM:
1958
Flight number:
CKA779
Location:
Crew on board:
6
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
6
Captain / Total flying hours:
13019
Captain / Total hours on type:
1118.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
2061
Copilot / Total hours on type:
101
Aircraft flight hours:
10600
Circumstances:
Flight CKA779 was a Military Air Transport Service (MATS) contract flight. It originated at Everett-Paine AFB, WA (PAE), on July 20, 1961, and proceeded to Fairfield-Travis AFB, CA (SUU). At Travis AFB 25,999 pounds of cargo was loaded. The flight then departed Travis and flew non-stop to Anchorage, Alaska. At Anchorage, the crew received weather and NOTAM information for the flight to Shemya AFB, AK (SYA), which did not include the approach or field lighting deficiencies. The stop at Shemya was for the purpose of servicing the aircraft before proceeding to Tachikawa AB, Japan for refueling. The flight took off from Anchorage at 19:40 and proceeded routinely toward Shemya. The flight made contact with Shemya Radio at 00:45. It was flying at FL100 between layers of clouds. At 01:28 the crew reported 100 miles east of Shemya, estimating Shemya at 01:55. Shemya Radio cleared the flight inbound to Shemya Homer and to descend and maintain 5,500 feet. At 01:45, the flight contacted Shemya GCA and radar contact was made approximately 18 miles north-northeast of Shemya, at 5,500 feet. The GCA controller transmitted the following weather information: "Indefinite ceiling 200 feet; sky obscured, visibility one mile in fog; new altimeter 29.86." According to the GCA controller, the DC-6 intercepted the glide path for runway 10 properly and maintained a good course. When two miles from touchdown, it dropped approximately 10 to 25 feet below the glide path. At one mile out, the flight went an estimated 30 to 40 feet below the glide path, which was still well above the minimum safe altitude for the approach. When the flight, was over the approach lights, it started to descend rapidly. The aircraft struck an embankment, approx. 200 feet short of the threshold in a nearly level attitude, the nose wheel touching first, about 18 feet below the crest, very nearly aligned with the centerline of the runway. The aircraft slid up the embankment during impact and when it reached the crest, broke in two at the leading edge of the wings. The fuselage, wings, and tail section stopped and settled back on the slope. The powerplants, nose section, and the bulk of the cargo slid varying distances toward the runway and up on it for a distance of about 100 yards. Fire followed impact and the majority of the wreckage was consumed.
Probable cause:
The absence of approach and runway lights, and the failure of the GCA controller to give more positive guidance to the pilot during the last stages of his approach.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas DC-8-12 in Denver: 18 killed

Date & Time: Jul 11, 1961 at 1136 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N8040U
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Philadelphia – Chicago – Omaha – Denver
MSN:
45307
YOM:
1961
Flight number:
UA859
Crew on board:
7
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
115
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
18
Captain / Total flying hours:
17631
Captain / Total hours on type:
168.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
9839
Aircraft flight hours:
124
Circumstances:
On July 11, 1961, at 1136 M.S.T., a United Air Lines DC-8 crashed during its landing roll at Stapleton Airfield, Denver, Colorado. None of the 122 occupants was severely injured as an immediate result of the impact; however, there were 16 passenger fatalities as a result of carbon monoxide poisoning when the aircraft burned. One other passenger, an elderly woman, broke both ankles during evacuation of the airplane and later succumbed to shock. In addition, the driver of a panel truck, which the aircraft struck after leaving the runway, also suffered fatal injuries. After experiencing hydraulic difficulties following takeoff from Omaha, Nebraska, the crew of N8040U continued the flight to Denver, using procedures set forth in the flight manual for abnormal hydraulic situations. When the flight arrived in the Denver area, preparations were made for landing. The ejectors were extended hydraulically, however, when an attempt was made to extend flaps to 25 degrees the hydraulic pressure dropped to zero. The hydraulic system selector was then placed in the No. 3 position (flap and gear downlock), and the approach was continued. After touchdown, the throttles were placed in the idle reverse thrust position and when power was applied, an uncontrollable deviation from the runway occurred.
Probable cause:
The Board determines the probable cause of this accident was the asymmetric thrust which, during hydraulic emergency, resulted from the failure of the thrust reversers on engines Nos. 1 and 2 when reverse thrust was selected. A contributing factor was the failure of the first officer to monitor the thrust reverse indicator lights when applying reverse thrust.
Final Report:

Ground accident of a Lockheed L-749A Constellation in Oakland

Date & Time: Jun 20, 1961
Registration:
N5595A
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
2620
YOM:
1950
Crew on board:
0
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The four engine aircraft was towed by ground personal when it collided with a parked Douglas DC-7C registered N312A and operated by Overseas National Airways. The circumstances of the occurrence remains unclear. There were no injuries but both airplanes were damaged beyond repair.

Ground accident of a Douglas DC-7 in Oakland

Date & Time: Jun 20, 1961
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N312A
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
44133
YOM:
1954
Crew on board:
0
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The parked airplane was struck by a Lockheed L-749A Constellation registered N5595A and operated by International Aircraft Services that was towed at Oakland Airport. The circumstances of the occurrence remains unclear. There were no injuries but both airplanes were damaged beyond repair.

Crash of a Douglas C-124A-DL Globemaster II at McChord AFB: 18 killed

Date & Time: May 24, 1961 at 0222 LT
Operator:
Registration:
51-0174
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
McChord - Lawton
MSN:
43508
Crew on board:
6
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
16
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
18
Circumstances:
The four engine aircraft christened 'Old Shakey' was involved in a flight from McChord AFB to Lawton, Oklahoma, carrying a truck, several jeeps, two trailers and soldiers from Fort Sill who had been taking part in Exercise Lava Plains at the Yakima Firing Center. After a night takeoff, while climbing to a height of 500 feet, the airplane went out of control and crashed in flames in a wooded area located two miles south of the airport. 18 people were killed while four others were injured. The aircraft was totally destroyed.
Crew:
Cpt Warren J. Fair, pilot, †
Cpt Alvin W. Hill, copilot, †
Sgt Robert Wayne Cummins, †
M/Sgt Arnold R. Neldens, †
M/Sgt Raymond E. Overby, †
S/Sgt Ernest T. Landrum,
A2c James M. Smallwood. †
Passengers:
Pvt James Aldrich,
M/Sgt Llewellyn Morris Chilson,
P1c Jimmie R. Hunter,
P1c C. L. Buchanan, †
P1c T. E. Pulliam, †
P1c D. F. Radcliff, †
P1c D. J. Smith, †
P1c O. M. Wellings, †
P1c David Hoskins, †
P1c R. R. Kubik, †
S4c W. M. Gordon, †
S4c W. T. Kelly, †
S4c Joseph Lee, †
Sgt A. G. Neria, †
Sgt Lawrence Harrison. †
Probable cause:
It was determined the accident was probably caused by a ruptured fuel line resulting in engine failure during takeoff. It was also confirmed that the total weight of the aircraft was below the MTOW at the time of the accident.