Crash of a Boeing 707-366C near Beni Suef: 6 killed

Date & Time: Dec 5, 1972 at 1505 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
SU-AOW
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Cairo - Cairo
MSN:
19845/809
YOM:
1969
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
3
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
6
Circumstances:
The crew (three pilots and three technicians) departed Cairo-Intl Airport at 1434LT on a training flight. En route, the airplane went out off control and crashed along the A1C Highway located near Beni Suef, about 125 km south of Cairo. The aircraft was destroyed and all six occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
It is believed that the accident was caused by the failure of the engine n°4 pylon in flight, causing the aircraft to be uncontrollable.

Crash of a Boeing 707-331C in San Francisco

Date & Time: Sep 13, 1972 at 2243 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N15712
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
San Francisco - New York
MSN:
20068/814
YOM:
1969
Flight number:
TW604
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
14591
Captain / Total hours on type:
3401.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
7349
Copilot / Total hours on type:
320
Aircraft flight hours:
9424
Circumstances:
During the takeoff roll on runway 01R at San Francisco Airport, after the V1 speed was reach, the crew noticed vibrations while the aircraft started to slow down. The captain decided to abort the takeoff but unable to stop within the remaining runway, the airplane overran, lost its nose gear and engine n°2 before coming to rest in the San Francisco Bay, broken in two. All three crew members were evacuated safely while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.
Probable cause:
The initiation of rejected takeoff procedures, beyond V1 speed, with insufficient runway remaining in which to stop the aircraft. The crew action was prompted by the failure of the two right truck rear tires which produced a noticeable aircraft vibration and a reduction in aircraft acceleration.
Final Report:

Crash of a Boeing 707-340C in Ürümqi

Date & Time: Dec 15, 1971
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
AP-AVZ
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Karachi - Ürümqi
MSN:
20487/847
YOM:
1971
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The descent to Ürümqi-Diwopu Airport was initiated in poor weather conditions due to snow falls. On final, the crew was too high on the glide, causing the plane to land too far down the runway. After touchdown, the airplane was unable to stop within the remaining distance, overran and came to rest few dozen yards farther. All five crew members were slightly injured and the aircraft was destroyed.
Probable cause:
Wrong approach configuration on part of the crew who attempted to land while the aircraft was too high on the glide. As the approach configuration was non compliant, the crew should initiate a go-around manoeuvre.

Crash of a Boeing 707-321C in Manila: 4 killed

Date & Time: Jul 25, 1971 at 1321 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N461PA
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
San Francisco – Honolulu – Agana – Manille – Saigon
MSN:
19371/653
YOM:
1967
Flight number:
PA6005
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
4
Captain / Total flying hours:
17011
Captain / Total hours on type:
8248.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
4577
Copilot / Total hours on type:
3277
Circumstances:
Flight 6005 was a scheduled international cargo flight from San Francisco to Saigon with intermediate stops at Honolulu, Guam and Manila. The flight from San Francisco to Honolulu and Guam was uneventful. At 2125 hours GMT on 24 July 1971, the flight took off from Guam for Manila. Initial contact with the flight was established by Manila Control at 2400 hours and the controller provided the flight with the latest weather information for Manila. At 0013 hours the flight reported having passed Jamalig one minute before, being at 67 DME and out of FL 200. It was then handed over by Manila Control to Manila approach control. The approach controller cleared the flight to BA and provided the crew with the following weather information: wind 280°/20 kts, visibility 7 kms, light rain, cloud 3/8 at 4 000 ft and 8/8 at 9 000 ft. At 0018 hours the flight was cleared for a VOR/DME approach to Runway 24 from the Bangbang Intersection and one minute later the flight reported commencing the approach. At 0021 hours the flight reported 22 DME out of 5 000 ft for 4 000 ft and 20 seconds later reaching 4 200 ft. This was acknowledged by the controller who, thereafter was unable to establish contact with the flight. It was subsequently found that at approximately 0023 hours the aircraft collided with Mt Kamunay some 20 miles ENE of the Manila VOR, at an altitude of 2 525 ft. Witnesses residing near the scene of the accident testified that they had heard the sound of an aircraft which ceased in an explosion, followed by two other explosions, one immediately thereafter and the second one a little later. The aircraft was totally destroyed and all four crew members were killed.
Probable cause:
The Board determined that the probable cause of the accident was improper crew coordination which resulted in the premature descent of the aircraft. The aircraft was nearly 1 000 ft below the minimum required altitude of 7 000 ft at 23 DPB and apparently flew one segment ahead of the approved descent procedure. This was due to misinterpretation by the pilot-in-command of the equivocal statements of the co-pilot regarding the position of the aircraft and the flight profile to be followed.
Final Report:

Crash of a Boeing 707-437 in Mumbai

Date & Time: Jan 23, 1971 at 1157 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
VT-DJI
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Bombay - Bombay
MSN:
17722/94
YOM:
1960
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The five crew members were engaged in a local training mission at Bombay-Santa Cruz Airport. During the takeoff roll on three engine, the pilot-in-command lost control of the airplane that deviated to the right and departed the asphalt. The right wing struck a mound of 9 feet high located 188 feet to the right of the runway, causing both right engines n°3 and 4 to be torn off. The aircraft caught fire and came to rest in flames. All five crew members were slightly injured and the aircraft was destroyed.
Probable cause:
During a three-engine practice takeoff the check pilot applied full takeoff thrust on n°2 and 3 engines. The aircraft accelerated on two engines and when the speed of 85 kt was attained, the pilot experienced little difficulty in keeping directional control of the aircraft. Thereafter, the pilot applied thrust on engine n°1. The aircraft then went off the runway to the right, n°3 and 4 engines struck a mound 9 feet high located 188 feet from the edge of the runway and were torn off. The wing structure broke off progressively inward and an intense fire broke out. The check pilot admitted that he did not follow the normal procedure specified by Boeing for a 3 engine takeoff and that due to an incorrect reading of the airspeed, he tried to get airborne before reaching VR . Since the nose had been lifted prematurely, nose wheel steering could not be used and control of the aircraft using rudder alone could not be maintained when power on n°1 engine was applied. It was concluded that the accident was caused by the combination of the following factors:
- A loss of control during an attempted three engine takeoff,
- The loss of control was the consequence of the pilot not following the published procedures as mentioned in the aircraft flight manual.

Crash of a Boeing 707-373C in Tel Aviv

Date & Time: Nov 30, 1970 at 0255 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N790TW
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Tel Aviv – Frankfurt – New York
MSN:
18738
YOM:
1964
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
15700
Captain / Total hours on type:
4200.00
Circumstances:
During the takeoff roll from runway 30 at Tel Aviv-Lod Airport by night, just before V1 speed, the crew saw an Israel Air Force Boeing KC-97G Stratotanker that was towed across the active runway. The pilot-in-command initiated an immediate takeoff when the left wing struck the Stratotanker. On impact, both airplanes caught fire and exploded. While all three crew members on board the 707 survived, both technicians on board the KC-97 were killed.
Probable cause:
It was determined that ATC cleared the mechanics of KC-97 to cross the active runway when they had just allowed the TWA crew to take off from the same runway. It was determined that the time elapsed between both clearances was too short and that ATC failed to pay sufficient attention to potential traffic. Lack of coordination and poor visibility due to the night were considered as contributing factors.
Final Report:

Crash of a Boeing 707-328B off Maiquetía: 62 killed

Date & Time: Dec 3, 1969 at 1805 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
F-BHSZ
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Santiago de Chile – Caracas – Pointe-à-Pitre – Lisbon – Paris
MSN:
18459/335
YOM:
1963
Flight number:
AF212
Country:
Crew on board:
21
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
41
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
62
Circumstances:
Three minutes after takeoff from Maiquetía-Simon Bolivar Airport, while climbing to a height of 3,000 feet at night, the aircraft went out of control, nosed down and plunged into the sea about 5 km offshore. The wreckage sank by a depth of 50 metres and all 62 occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
The exact cause of the accident could not be determined. It was suspected that the loss of control was the consequence of a spatial disorientation on part of the pilot-in-command. No official investigation report was published either by the Venezuelan Authorities or by the French Government. All official documents referring to this tragedy are classified 'secret-defense' by the French Authorities until 2029. Nevertheless, in a classified document dated August 7, 1970, the French Bureau of Investigations (BEA-Bureau Enquêtes-Accidents) asked the French government to make a contact through the diplomatic way with the Venezuelan Authorities, to establish any evidence relating to suspicious traces found on clothes and some debris, some of them coming from the left main gear. On 17 November 1970, the Central Armament Laboratory of Paris confirmed that acetone washes were carried out on certain parts such as the fuselage, the bottom floor of the landing hatch and the landing gear. On the neighboring parts of the left main gear, it has been possible to demonstrate the presence of nitrocellulose, nitroglycerine and a nitro derivative in the form of traces that could come from the decomposition of dinitrotoluene or possibly trinitrotoluene. Consequently, in a letter dated November 27, 1970, the Chief of the General Inspectorate of the French Civil Aviation confirms in an official letter that the technical analysis carried out by the various laboratories highlighted a high probability that the destruction in flight of the aircraft should be attributable to an act of malicious intent. Indeed, the chemical and metallurgical analysis showed that a powerful explosive device may have been placed in the well zone of the left main gear.

Crash of a Boeing 707-331C in Atlantic City: 5 killed

Date & Time: Jul 26, 1969 at 1233 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N787TW
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
New York - Atlantic City
MSN:
18712/373
YOM:
1964
Flight number:
TW5787
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
5
Captain / Total flying hours:
27436
Captain / Total hours on type:
4330.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
6080
Copilot / Total hours on type:
1314
Aircraft flight hours:
17590
Circumstances:
The flight departed New York-JFK to carry out training and proficiency check manoeuvres at the National Aviation Facilities Experimental Center (NAFEC) at the Atlantic City Airport. The first captain to receive the proficiency check occupied the left seat. The instructor-pilot occupied the right seat, and a flight engineer occupied the flight engineer's position. The other two captains occupied the flight deck as observers while awaiting their turn at the controls. Flight 5787 landed on runway 13 then requested, and the tower approved, clearance to taxi to the end of the runway, execute a 180 degrees turn, and take off on runway 31. Prior to takeoff, the instructor pilot briefed the captain to expect a simulated engine failure after V1, to execute a three-engine climbout, and to request vectors for a precision ILS approach to runway 13, using the aircraft's flight director system. Take off was initiated at 12:20 and instructor pilot retarded the No. 4 engine to training idle thrust after V1 had been reached. The takeoff was continued and emergency procedures were executed in accordance with the TWA engine failure emergency checklist. The aircraft was leveled off at 1,500 feet and vectored to intercept the ILS course in the vicinity of the outer marker. The No. 4 engine remained in idle thrust and the instructor pilot directed the captain to execute a simulated three-engine ILS approach, and to expect a missed approach at the decision height. The landing gear was extended and after the aircraft passed the outer marker, flaps were placed full down (50deg). The tower cleared TWA 5787 to land. At the decision height, a missed approach was announced. The captain advanced power on engines 1, 2, and 3, and called for "25 Flaps," "Takeoff Power," "Up Gear." However, neither the flaps nor the landing gear moved from their previous positions. The aircraft was accelerated to 130 knots and a missed-approach climb was instituted. Approximately 16 t o 18 seconds after the start of the missed-approach procedure, one of the observer pilots commented, "Oh! Oh! Your hydraulic system's zeroed." At 300 feet agl and an airspeed of 127 knots all hydraulic pumps were shutdown, but power on the no. 4 engine was not restored. Directional control was lost and the aircraft struck the ground in a right-wing low nose down attitude. The Boeing 707 broke up and caught fire.
Probable cause:
The probable cause of this accident was a loss of directional control, which resulted from the intentional shutdown of the pumps supplying hydraulic pressure to the rudder without a concurrent restoration of power on the No.4 engine. A contributing factor was the inadequacy of the hydraulic fluid loss emergency procedure when applied against the operating configuration of the aircraft.
Final Report:

Crash of a Boeing 707-321C at Elmendorf AFB: 3 killed

Date & Time: Dec 26, 1968 at 0615 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N799PA
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
San Francisco – Elmendorf – Tokyo – Đà Nẵng – Cam Ranh Bay
MSN:
18824/397
YOM:
1964
Flight number:
PA799
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Captain / Total flying hours:
15207
Captain / Total hours on type:
3969.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
9813
Copilot / Total hours on type:
2813
Circumstances:
The aircraft christened 'Clipper Racer' departed San Francisco on a cargo flight to Cam Ranh Bay, Vietnam with en route stops at Elmendorf AFB, Tokyo and Đà Nẵng. Because of below minima weather at Anchorage International Airport, the aircraft landed at Elmendorf AFB. Several delays were experienced before the flight taxied out at 06:02. Flight 799 was given a void time of 06:15 by Oceanic Control to avoid traffic conflict. If the crew failed to make that time, it would result in a 45 min delay. When the checklist item "wing flaps" was called, the 'follow me' truck arrived to guide them to runway 23. From then on the crew were busy steering the plane on the slippery taxiways and talking to Oceanic Control resp. The aircraft was cleared for takeoff at 06:14. The stick shaker sounded shortly after VR (154 kts). The aircraft rotated climbed slowly. The right wing contacted the snow covered ground 94 feet left of the extended centerline at a distance of 2760 feet from the runway. The aircraft rolled inverted and broke up.
Probable cause:
An attempted takeoff with the flaps in a retracted position. This resulted from a combination of factors:
- Inadequate cockpit checklist and procedures,
- A warning system inadequacy associated with cold weather operations,
- Ineffective control practices regarding manufacturer's Service Bulletins,
- Stresses imposed upon the crew by their attempts to meet an air traffic control deadline.
Final Report:

Crash of a Boeing 707-321B off Caracas: 51 killed

Date & Time: Dec 12, 1968 at 2202 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N494PA
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
New York - Caracas
MSN:
19696
YOM:
1968
Flight number:
PA217
Country:
Crew on board:
9
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
42
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
51
Captain / Total flying hours:
24000
Captain / Total hours on type:
6737.00
Circumstances:
Following an uneventful flight from New York-JFK, the crew started a night approach to Maiquetía-Simon Bolivar Airport in Caracas. On final, the airplane struck the water surface and crashed into the sea 18,4 km north offshore. Few debris were found floating on water and all 51 occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
It is believed that the crew suffered an optical illusion, confounding the lights of the city of Maiquetía with the airport lights. This probably engaged the crew in a premature descent, causing the aircraft to crash into the sea. The lack of visibility was a probable contributing factor.