Antonov AN-24

SAAK Stavropolskaya Aktsionernaya Aviakompania

Operator:

Registration:

RA-46516

Flight Phase:

Flight

Flight Type:

Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia

Survivors:

Site:

Plain, Valley

Schedule:

Stavropol - Trabzon

MSN:

3 73 085 02

YOM:

1973

Flight number:

SVL1023

Location:

Cherkessk

Country:

Russia

Region:

Asia

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Captain / Total flying hours:

12641

Captain / Total hours on type:

11600.00

Copilot / Total flying hours:

4563

Copilot / Total hours on type:

2657

Aircraft flight hours:

41181

Aircraft flight cycles:

27628

Circumstances:

While cruising at an altitude of 6,000 metres, the aircraft suffered a structural failure when the tail separated. The aircraft entered an uncontrolled descent and crashed in a wooded area located about one km from Cherkessk. The aircraft was totally destroyed upon impact and all 50 occupants were killed. The tail was found about 1,600 metres from the main wreckage. It was reported during investigations that the tail separated due to corrosion after the aircraft was operated in humid environment in Zimbabwe and DRC from 15 August 1994 till 28 December 1995.

Probable cause:

The accident was caused by the combination of the following factors:
1.Surface, without the use of instrumental control methods, by the commission's assessment of the technical condition of the An-24 RA 46516 aircraft and the subsequent unjustified issuance of a conclusion and a decision on the possibility of extending its MTO and service life;
2. Violation of the requirements of the current documents when extending the overhaul life for the An-24 RA 46516 aircraft and extending the established overhaul life without taking into account its long-term operation in a humid and hot climate;
3. Inconsistency of the regulatory documents governing the organization of work to establish and extend the resources and service life of civil aircraft (Regulation 1994) with the requirements of flight safety in modern conditions;
4. Violation of the requirements of the technology for repairing aircraft and household equipment during repairs in ARZ conditions;
5. Imperfection of technological documentation for periodic maintenance in terms of determining the corrosion and corrosion-fatigue state of the aircraft structure in hard-to-reach areas;
6. Insufficient control in the operation of hard-to-reach areas of the underground part of the fuselage in terms of determining the state of structural elements and the presence of corrosion lesions;
7. Failure to comply with the prescribed anti-corrosion measures for the structure of the aircraft during repairs at the ARP and in operation.

Final Report:

Crash of an Antonov AN-24RV in Ust-Nera

Date & Time: Nov 6, 1996

Type of aircraft:

Operator:

Registration:

RA-47356

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

Republic of Yakutia (Sakha)

Schedule:

Yakutsk - Khandyga - Ust-Nera

MSN:

67310605

YOM:

1976

Flight number:

SKH017

Location:

Ust-Nera

Country:

Russia

Region:

Asia

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Circumstances:

On approach to Ust-Nera Airport, following an uneventful flight from Khandyga, the crew mistook the new runway 85 (still under construction) for the operational runway 75 in poor visibility. When ATC realized this, they twice ordered the crew to go around but the crew failed to comply and touched down on runway 85. During the landing run, at a speed of 158 km/h, the captain attempted to go around but the check pilot aborted this attempt some seconds later. The confused flight engineer retracted the landing gear and the aircraft came to rest on its belly, suffering substantial damage. All 5 crew and 24 passengers escaped unhurt.

Probable cause:

The following findings were reported:
- Poor approach and landing planning,
- The crew descended below MDA without visual contact with the runway,
- The crew failed to comply with ATC instructions,
- Poor crew coordination,
- The flight engineer mistakenly raised the landing gear while the aircraft was still on ground.

Crash of an Antonov AN-24RV in Khartoum: 53 killed

Date & Time: May 3, 1996 at 2200 LT

Type of aircraft:

Operator:

Federal Air

Registration:

ST-FAG

Flight Phase:

Charter/Taxi (Non Scheduled Revenue Flight)

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

City

Schedule:

Wau - Khartoum

MSN:

27307909

YOM:

1966

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Circumstances:

The aircraft was completing a charter flight from Wau to Khartoum, carrying 48 students from the Bahr al-Ghazalm University and five crew members. On approach to Khartoum-Haj Yusuf Airport, the crew encountered poor weather conditions and limited visibility due to a sandstorm and night. Unable to establish a visual contact with the runway, the crew abandoned the approach and initiated a go-around procedure. The crew then attempted several times to approach the airport of Khartoum and all attempts were abandoned, some sources are talking about nine attempts to land. On approach by night, the captain informed ATC he was short of fuel when the aircraft struck a building under construction and crashed about 15 km from the airport. The aircraft was totally destroyed and all 53 occupants were killed.

Probable cause:

The crew attempted several approaches in poor weather conditions and descended until the aircraft collided with obstacles and crashed.

Crash of an Antonov AN-24RV in Banlung

Date & Time: Feb 25, 1996

Type of aircraft:

Operator:

Kampuchea Airlines

Registration:

XU-314

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

Schedule:

Phnom Penh - Banlung

MSN:

1 73 070 01

YOM:

1971

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Circumstances:

After landing at Banlung Airport, the aircraft encountered difficulties to stop within the remaining distance. It overran, lost its undercarriage and eventually collided with a building. All 42 occupants evacuated safely while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair. It is believed that the braking systems failed and at least one tyre burst after touchdown.

Crash of an Antonov AN-24RV in Baia Mare: 10 killed

Date & Time: Feb 22, 1996 at 1340 LT

Type of aircraft:

Operator:

Registration:

YR-BMK

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Calibration

Survivors:

Site:

Schedule:

Bucarest – Satu Mare – Baia Mare

MSN:

7 73 108 03

YOM:

1977

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Captain / Total flying hours:

7402

Captain / Total hours on type:

1456.00

Copilot / Total flying hours:

383

Copilot / Total hours on type:

217

Aircraft flight hours:

10437

Aircraft flight cycles:

5987

Circumstances:

The aircraft, operated by the Romanian Civil Aviation Authority (Autoritatea Aeronautică Civilă Romănă) departed Bucharest-Băneasa Airport on a calibration flight to Satu Mare and Baia Mare Airports, carrying five passengers and three crew members. The goal of the operation was to calibrate the precision approach radar and the IFR equipment at both Satu Mare and Baia Mare Airports. The mission at Satu Mare was completed successfully and the crew continued to Baia Mare Airport located about 43 km to the east. Following three successful approaches, the crew initiated a fourth descent when he was informed by ATC about the deterioration of the weather conditions with snow falls and a reduced visibility to 3 km. On approach, the crew failed to realize his altitude was too low when the aircraft struck trees and crashed onto a house located about 7,5 km short of runway 28. The aircraft and the house were destroyed. All eight occupants were killed as well as two people in the house. A third people on the ground was injured.

Probable cause:

It was determined that the accident was the consequence of an incorrect execution of the turn to the magnetic heading of 276°.

Final Report:

Crash of an Antonov AN-24B in Saransk

Date & Time: Dec 29, 1995 at 0025 LT

Type of aircraft:

Operator:

Saransk Flight Unit

Registration:

RA-46401

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Cargo

Survivors:

Site:

Schedule:

Tolyatti - Saransk

MSN:

77303903

YOM:

1967

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Circumstances:

The crew was completing a night cargo flight from Tolyatti to Saransk. On final approach, while completing a last turn to join the approach path, the left wing tip struck the ground. Out of control, the aircraft crashed few km from the runway threshold. All five crew members were injured and the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.

Crash of an Antonov AN-24RV in Krasnodar

Date & Time: Dec 21, 1995

Type of aircraft:

Operator:

Registration:

RA-46473

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

Schedule:

Trabzon - Krasnodar

MSN:

27308001

YOM:

1972

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Circumstances:

Following an uneventful flight from Trabzon, the crew started the descent to Krasnodar Airport by night. Upon landing, the aircraft bounced five times and a positive acceleration of 3,3 g was recorded. After the fifth bounce, the nose gear collapsed and the aircraft slid for few dozen metres before coming to rest. All 44 occupants escaped uninjured while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair. It was reported that the crew failed to prepare the flight according to published procedure and at the time of the accident, the CofG was too far aft, causing the aircraft to be unstable.

Crash of an Antonov AN-24B in Verona: 49 killed

Date & Time: Dec 13, 1995 at 1955 LT

Type of aircraft:

Charter/Taxi (Non Scheduled Revenue Flight)

Operator:

Banat Air

Registration:

YR-AMR

Flight Phase:

Takeoff (climb)

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

Verona-Villafranca (Valerio Catullo)

Schedule:

Verona - Timișoara

MSN:

77303309

YOM:

1967

Flight number:

BZ166

Location:

Veneto

Country:

Italy

Region:

Europe

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Captain / Total flying hours:

3645

Captain / Total hours on type:

2345.00

Copilot / Total flying hours:

7100

Copilot / Total hours on type:

6500

Aircraft flight hours:

8913

Circumstances:

Following an uneventful flight from Timișoara, the aircraft landed at Verona-Villafranca Airport and remained parked for one hour on the ground. Weather conditions were as follow: wind 290° at 2 knots, horizontal visibility 1,300 metre, RVR 2,000 metres, haze and snow falls, overcast 500 feet, OAT 0° C, dew point below zero, QNH 1010. Despite snow falls, the crew decided to takeoff without proceeding to a pre-departure deicing/anti-icing of the aircraft. After liftoff from runway 23, the crew initiated a slight turn to the right heading 239° when 25 seconds later, the aircraft's speed dropped to 179 km/h. The crew selected elevator down so the speed increased to 185 km/h but when elevators were selected up again, the speed dropped to 155 km/h. The aircraft rolled to the right to an angle of 67° then lost height and crashed in a field located 1,500 metres from the airport, bursting into flames. The aircraft disintegrated on impact and all 49 occupants were killed, among them 31 Italian businessmen, 4 Serbs and 14 Romanians including all crew membres. At the time of the accident, the aircraft was operated by Banat Air and leased from Romavia.

Probable cause:

Loss of control during initial climb due to the loss of aerodynamic properties consequently to the decision of the crew to not proceed to any deicing or anti-icing procedure prior to departure. The following contributing factors were reported:
- Poor weather conditions,
- Excessive accumulation of snow and frost on wings, tail, elevators, stabs and fuselage,
- The crew underestimated and exercised poor judgment about weather conditions,
- The pilot-in-command probably suffered a spatial disorientation during initial climb because of the unusual attitude of the aircraft caused by the loss of aerodynamic properties, combined with snow falls, the lack of visibility due to the night and a possible optical illusion caused by the headlights on,
- The total weight of the aircraft was 2 tons above the MTOW,
- The weight & balance sheet could not be checked prior to takeoff because the crew failed to transmit such document that was not requested by ground personnel,
- A slight loss of power occurred on the right engine shortly after liftoff.

Final Report:

Crash of an Antonov AN-24B in Shymkent

Date & Time: Nov 1, 1995

Type of aircraft:

Operator:

Registration:

UN-47710

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Training

Survivors:

Site: