Scheduled Revenue Flight

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

Schedule:

Cotonou – Douala

MSN:

23386

YOM:

1985

Flight number:

UY3701

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Captain / Total flying hours:

7990

Captain / Total hours on type:

5923.00

Copilot / Total flying hours:

5850

Copilot / Total hours on type:

4317

Aircraft flight hours:

18746

Aircraft flight cycles:

23233

Circumstances:

While on a night approach to Douala Airport, at a distance of 3,5 NM, the crew was cleared to land on runway 30. At this time, the aircraft initiated a slight climb and about 15 seconds later, the copilot informed ATC about technical problems. Three seconds later, the aircraft rolled to the left, struck trees and crashed in a mangrove located about 1,700 metres south of runway 30, bursting into flames. Three passengers and two crew members (the copilot and a stewardess) were seriously injured while 71 other occupants were killed.

Probable cause:

The accident resulted from a loss of control of the aircraft during an attempted go-around made during the touchdown maneuver on landing, with degraded performance.
The following factors contributed to the accident:
- The detachment by structural fatigue of a blade from the first stage of the compressor on engine n°1 which led to a loss of power, and
- A destabilization of the trajectory during landing and the late or slow execution of the go-around procedure in an unidentified single-engine configuration which resulted in an irreversible loss of speed.

Final Report:

Crash of a Boeing 737-2A8 in New Delhi

Date & Time: Dec 2, 1995 at 1253 LT

Type of aircraft:

Boeing 737-200

Operator:

Registration:

VT-ECS

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

National Capital Territory of Delhi

Schedule:

Bombay – Jaipur – New Delhi

MSN:

20963

YOM:

1974

Flight number:

IC492

Location:

New Delhi-Indira Gandhi

Country:

India

Region:

Asia

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

102

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Captain / Total flying hours:

6088

Circumstances:

Following a wrong approach configuration, the aircraft landed too far down the runway, about 600 metres from the runway end. Unable to stop within the remaining distance, the aircraft overran, struck a concrete wall (45 cm high) and came to rest 450 metres further. All 108 occupants were evacuated safely and the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.

Probable cause:

The accident was the consequence of the combination of the following factors:
- The injudicious and imprudent decision of the Pilot-in-Command to hastily complete the flight in the inadequate time available before the notified closure of Delhi airport for a VVIP flight,
- The dangerously unstabilised approach made by the Pilot-in-Command, primarily due to his failure to decelerate the aircraft in time,
- The failure of the First Officer to call out significant deviations from the stipulated approach parameters,
- The failure of the Pilot-in-Command to carry out a missed approach in spite of his approach being grossly unstabilised,
- The inadvertent omission of the Pilot-in-Command to arm the speed brake before landing,
- Touch-down of the aircraft at excessive speed and too far down the runway,
- Failure of the First Officer and Pilot-in-Command to monitor the automatic deployment of the speed brake, and failure of the Pilot-in-Command to deploy it manually,
- Impact of the aircraft with an 18-inch high cement-concrete cable duct in the kutcha ground beyond the over-run area,
- The pilot disregard of procedures, regulations and instructions.

Final Report:

Crash of a PZL-Mielec AN-2R in Makovskoye

Date & Time: Nov 28, 1995 at 1637 LT

Type of aircraft:

PZL-Mielec AN-2

Operator:

Yenisei Aviation Enterprise

Registration:

RA-07419

Flight Phase:

Takeoff (climb)

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

Schedule:

Makovskoye – Yeniseysk

MSN:

1G150-54

YOM:

1973

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Circumstances:

The departure from Makovskoye Airfield was initiated in poor weather conditions. After liftoff, the aircraft lost height, causing the skis to struck the ground. The aircraft bounced, climbed to a height of about 15 metres and collided with a tree before crashing on the ground. All nine occupants evacuated safely while the aircraft was destroyed.

Crash of an Antonov AN-2T in Urumaco

Date & Time: Nov 18, 1995

Type of aircraft:

Antonov AN-2

Operator:

Registration:

YV-860C

Flight Phase:

Flight

Flight Type:

Site:

Plain, Valley

MSN:

179 473 12

YOM:

1957

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Circumstances:

Crashed in unknown circumstances. Occupant's fate unknown.

Crash of a Boeing 737-2F9 in Kaduna: 11 killed

Date & Time: Nov 13, 1995 at 0853 LT

Type of aircraft:

Boeing 737-200

Operator:

Registration:

5N-AUA

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

Cessna 208B Grand Caravan

Schedule:

Yola – Jos – Kaduna – Lagos

MSN:

22985

YOM:

1982

Flight number:

WT357

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

124

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Aircraft flight hours:

22375

Aircraft flight cycles:

27567

Circumstances:

Nigeria Airways flight WT357 departed Yola (YOL) at 07:00 en route to Lagos (LOS). Intermediate stops were planned at Jos (JOS) and Kaduna (KAD). The Boeing 737 landed at Jos at 07:40 and departed fifty minutes later. The flight to Kaduna was uneventful. Kaduna ATC gave the aircraft an inbound clearance with no delay for a locator approach to runway 05. Though, the initial landing clearance was for runway 05, the captain requested to land on runway 23. He was reminded by the controller that the wind was from 090 magnetic, but he still insisted on using the 23 approach. At 08:42, the aircraft commenced its initial descent at 48 miles on the ILS/DME to 4,500 ft. At 08:49 UTC, it was cleared to 3,500 ft at 10 miles out and was later descended to 500 ft. The aircraft turned left from the track 310 to align with runway 23 and the aircraft was still in the turn when the threshold was sighted just 1.5 miles to the left of the aircraft. The first officer asked the captain "Can you make it to land from that position?". The observer in the jump seat also suggested going on the downwind, presumably to re-position the aircraft for landing on runway 05. There was no response at all from the captain and the approach was continued for runway 23. The left turn was very steep and it took the aircraft to the left of the runway centreline and a right correction was applied. The observer shouted "Watch the wing" as the wings could have struck the ground on the final approach. By this time, the aircraft crossed the threshold with the flying pilot still struggling to maintain directional control for runway centreline alignment. The aircraft touched down 7820 feet down the runway, leaving just 2020 ft (615.85 m) of runway length. The captain was reported to have used 1.8 and 1.6 EPR on the reversers. When a runway overrun became inevitable, the captain turned the aircraft to the left with the intention to take advantage of the last rapid exit intersection to avoid the runway end lights. At this juncture, the aircraft entered an uncontrollable skid. The right wing hit the ground, thus rupturing the fuel tanks and a huge fire erupted. The aircraft was destroyed by the fire.

Probable cause:

The probable cause of the accident is the continuation of a highly unstabilized approach when the option of a missed approach could have been taken. The contributing factor was the turn off at 76 knots into the high speed intersection when an overrun into the extended runway end should have been maintained.

Crash of a Cessna 208B Grand Caravan near Piedras Negras: 9 killed

Date & Time: Oct 31, 1995 at 2050 LT

Type of aircraft:

Operator:

Transportes Aéreos de Coahuila - TACSA

Registration:

XA-SVM

Flight Phase:

Flight

Flight Type:

Survivors:

De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter

Site:

Plain, Valley

Schedule:

Saltillo - Piedras Negras

MSN:

208B-0214

YOM:

1990

Flight number:

TAC108

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Circumstances:

The pilot started the descent to Piedras Negras by night with a limited visibility due to poor weather conditions (drizzle and mist). Too low, the single engine aircraft struck the slope of a hill located 16 km from Piedras Negras Airport. Two passengers were seriously injured while nine other occupants were killed.

Probable cause:

Controlled flight into terrain after the pilot decided to continue the descent in below minima weather conditions.

Crash of a De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter 300 in Addis Ababa

Date & Time: Oct 22, 1995 at 0950 LT

Type of aircraft:

Operator:

Registration:

ET-AIO

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

Addis Ababa City District

Schedule:

Kombolcha-Dessie – Addis Ababa

MSN:

818

YOM:

1985

Flight number:

ET173

Location:

Addis Ababa-Bole

Country:

Ethiopia

Region:

Africa

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Circumstances:

On final approach to Addis Ababa-Bole Airport, the twin engine aircraft collided with a white backed vulture of 5,4 kg. The windshield was broken and both pilots were seriously injured. Nevertheless, they elected to make an emergency landing when the aircraft crashed 300 metres short of runway. All 20 occupants were rescued, among them nine were injured.

Probable cause:

Loss of control on final approach following bird strike.

Crash of a Dornier DO228-212K in Male

Date & Time: Oct 18, 1995 at 0946 LT

Type of aircraft:

Dornier DO228

Operator:

Registration:

9M-PEQ

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

Lake, Sea, Ocean, River

Schedule:

Kadhdhoo - Male

MSN:

8213

YOM:

1992

Flight number:

AMI3312

Location:

Male

North Central Province

Country:

Maldivian Islands

Region:

Asia

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Captain / Total flying hours:

3152

Captain / Total hours on type:

2948.00

Copilot / Total flying hours:

226

Copilot / Total hours on type:

Aircraft flight hours:

3857

Circumstances:

Following an uneventful flight from Kadhdhoo Airport, the crew initiated the approach to Male Intl Airport. The copilot was the pilot-in-command. The aircraft landed on runway 36 at the speed of 95 knots some 600 metres past the runway threshold. After touchdown, the aircraft deviated from the centerline to the left and the copilot overcorrected, causing the aircraft to veer to the right. The captain took over control but this was too late. The aircraft overran, struck a concrete wall and crashed in the sea. All eight occupants were injured and the aircraft was destroyed.

Probable cause:

The following factors were reported:
- Failure of the PIC to take control when the aircraft touched at 20° angle to the centreline and continued towards the western edge of the runway after landing,
- The "over correction" applied by the handling pilot to the prevalent crosswind, leading the aircraft to land at 20° to the centreline,
- The over application of right rudder to get the aircraft onto centreline and subsequently failing to get the power levers to ground idle,
- The lack of a CRM programme in the company had meant that the pilots albeit friendly, did not have an harmonious attitude towards one another; particularly the captain to the copilot,
- The less than effective means of imparting company policy with respect to giving copilots (based on experience, flight conditions) to carry out landings/take-offs.

Crash of a Casa 212-A4 Aviocar 100 near Gunung Antara: 1 killed

Date & Time: Oct 3, 1995 at 0800 LT

Type of aircraft:

Casa 212 Aviocar

Operator:

Registration:

PK-ZAG

Flight Phase:

Flight

Flight Type:

Survivors: