Crash of a Douglas DC-4 in Tamanrasset: 35 killed

Date & Time: Apr 11, 1967 at 2014 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
7T-VAU
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Schedule:
Algiers – Ghardaïa – Hassi Messaoud – In Amenas – Djanet – Tamanrasset
MSN:
3065
YOM:
1943
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
6
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
33
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
35
Circumstances:
The four engine aircraft was completing a flight from Algiers to Tamanrasset with intermediate stops in Ghardaïa, Hassi Messaoud, In Amenas and Djanet. It was scheduled that some tourists should embark at Djanet Airport but for unknown reason, no one embarked or disembarked at Djanet. While approaching Tamanrasset Airport by night, the crew failed to realize his altitude was insufficient when the airplane struck a mountain slope located 8 km from the airport and exploded. The wreckage was found about 300 meters below the summit and the aircraft was completely destroyed by impact forces and a post crash fire. Four passengers were seriously injured (two Algerians and two Swiss) while all 35 other occupants were killed, among them Swiss and French tourists.
The Swiss citizens killed were:
Peter Messikommer,
Reinhard Wyss,
Hans Grieshaber,
Christina Grieshaber,
Wilhelm Leisinger,
Othmar Lienhard,
Fritz Matter,
Emma Holenstein,
Jacques Bachmann,
Werner Luethy,
Raymond Dorner,
Gilberte Dorner,
Anne-Marie Lombard,
Michel Sechy,
Mrs. Sechy,
Juerg Sechy.
Those who survived were:
Jacques Lombard,
Aurelio Fogacci.
Probable cause:
Controlled flight into terrain.

Crash of a Lisunov LI-2 in Chersky

Date & Time: Apr 11, 1967 at 2006 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-04213
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Mys Schmidta – Chersky
MSN:
184 346 10
YOM:
1951
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
On approach to Chersky Airport, the crew encountered poor weather conditions with reduced visibility. Three attempts to land were abandoned and the crew was forced to make a go around at each time. During the fourth approach, the aircraft was too low and crash landed on the icy Kolyma River, about 3,5 km from the runway threshold. All occupants (5 crew members and an undetermined number of passengers) were injured while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.
Probable cause:
The crew attempted to land while flying visually in IFR conditions. The following factors were considered as contributing:
- Poor crew coordination,
- Lack of assistance to the captain on part of the copilot and the navigator,
- Seat belt nos fastened,
- VFR approach in IFR conditions,
- Limited competences of the captain while flying in poor weather conditions.

Crash of a Beechcraft C-45H Expeditor in Lexington: 9 killed

Date & Time: Apr 3, 1967 at 1633 LT
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
N3727G
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
MSN:
AF-214
YOM:
1952
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
8
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
9
Captain / Total flying hours:
16144
Circumstances:
Shortly after takeoff from Lexington-Blue Grass Airport, while in initial climb, the left engine caught fire. The pilot elected to return for an emergency landing and made a turn when control was lost. The airplane dove into the ground and crashed in a huge explosion in a field. All nine occupants were killed, among them several doctors and scientists.
Crew:
Robert Yonk, pilot.
Passengers:
Dr. Richard Schweet,
Dr. R. C. Simonini,
Dr. Jerome Cohn,
Dr. S. O. Navarro,
G. Reynolds Watkins,
Richard H. Southwood Jr.,
Dr. Arnold Salop,
Max Horn.
Probable cause:
Uncontrolled descent following a fire of undetermined origin that occurred in area of left engine nacelle during climb-out. At the time of the accident, the airplane was improperly loaded, which was considered as a contributing factor.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas C-47A-70-DL in Bandar Abbas: 11 killed

Date & Time: Mar 17, 1967
Operator:
Registration:
EP-AEF
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Tehran – Bandar Abbas
MSN:
19289
YOM:
1943
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
24
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
11
Circumstances:
On final approach to Bandar Abbas Airport, the airplane was too low for undetermined reason when it struck the ground and came to rest in flames few dozen yards short of runway. Eleven passengers were killed while 17 other occupants were evacuated. The aircraft was destroyed.

Crash of a Vickers 818 Viscount off East London: 25 killed

Date & Time: Mar 13, 1967 at 1910 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
ZS-CVA
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Port Elizabeth – East London – Bloemfontein – Johannesburg
MSN:
317
YOM:
1958
Flight number:
SA406
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
20
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
25
Captain / Total flying hours:
12344
Captain / Total hours on type:
3231.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
3995
Copilot / Total hours on type:
109
Circumstances:
On 13th March 1967 Vickers Viscount aircraft ZS-CVA, "Rietbok", was on a scheduled public transport flight No. SA 406 from Port Elizabeth to Johannesburg via East London and Bloemfontein. Its Estimated Time of Arrival at East London was 1714 GMT, but the weather there was poor. The captain had indicated that he would probably overfly East London, but that he would have a look at conditions there before deciding to do so. The last communication from the aircraft was when it notified East London Airport Control that it was "at 2,000 ft. with the coastline in sight". It is estimated that the aircraft was then between 20 and 15 nautical miles from the Airport and that the time was approximately 1709 GMT. At 1710.08 GMT the aircraft crashed into the sea. The approximate position of the crash was 33°13.45’ S. , 27°38.3’ E. On board were Captain Gordon Benjamin Lipawsky, First Officer Brian Albert Richard Trenwith, 3 cabin crew and 20 passengers. Air-sea rescue operations were put in hand promptly, but there were no survivors. Bits of floating wreckage, consisting mainly of cabin interior fittings, were recovered by naval vessels and other pieces were washed ashore. The main wreckage of the aircraft is believed to he lying at a depth of between 180 and 220 feet, approximately 1½ miles off-shore. Extensive salvage operations were attempted, but were hindered by murky water, a current up to 8 kts and dangerous sea conditions. The aircraft was lost and all 25 occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
The available data is not sufficient for the originating cause of the accident to be determined with any degree of probability. In the opinion of the Board certain possibilities can be excluded as being inconsistent with the evidence and/or as being remote and improbable: among these possibilities are structural failure, failure of controls or control surfaces, multiple engine failure, instrument failure, explosion, fire, a "bad weather" accident and pilot error. However, on the evidence the Board cannot exclude as the originating cause of the accident a heart attack suffered by the captain in the air, with ensuing loss of control of the aircraft, and with the first officer being unable in the time available to regain sufficient control to prevent contact with the sea.
Final Report:

Crash of an Ilyushin II-14P near Pokrovsk: 15 killed

Date & Time: Mar 12, 1967 at 1428 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-61657
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Irkutsk - Olyokminsk - Yakutsk
MSN:
6 34 18 01
YOM:
1956
Flight number:
SU1799
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
16
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
15
Circumstances:
While cruising at an altitude of 1,800 meters in snow showers, the crew informed ATC that the right engine caught fire. A minute later, the crew reported he was unable to extinguish the fire and elected to divert to Pokrovsk. While descending, the captain attempted an emergency landing when the airplane struck tree tops and crashed in flames in a snow covered forest located 35 km from Pokrovsk. Five passengers were rescued while 15 others occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
It is believed that the fire on the right engine was caused by the rupture of a fuel line.

Crash of a De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter 300 on Mt Col Visentin: 4 killed

Date & Time: Mar 11, 1967 at 1600 LT
Operator:
Registration:
I-CLAI
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Schedule:
Milan - Venice - Cortina d'Ampezzo
MSN:
30
YOM:
1967
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
3
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
4
Circumstances:
The crew departed Milan in the afternoon on a flight to Cortina d'Ampezzo with an intermediate stop in Venice. Few minutes after takeoff from Venice-Marco Polo Airport, while flying above the Dolomites Mountain Range, the crew encountered foggy conditions. The pilot decided to reduce his altitude in an attempt to establish a visual contact with the ground when, in the Fadalto Valley, the twin engine aircraft struck the slope of Mt Col Visentin (1,763 meters high). The wreckage was found on the Colcanin Hill, north of Vittorio Veneto. Both pilots and two passengers were killed while a third passenger was injured.

Crash of a Fairchild F27A in Klamath Falls: 4 killed

Date & Time: Mar 10, 1967 at 0503 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N2712
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Klamath Falls – Medford – North Bend – Portland – Seattle
MSN:
73
YOM:
1960
Flight number:
WC720
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
1
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
4
Captain / Total flying hours:
9271
Captain / Total hours on type:
4684.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
1064
Copilot / Total hours on type:
258
Aircraft flight hours:
16202
Circumstances:
Fairchild F-27 N2712 operated on a flight from Klamath Falls to Seattle via Medford, North Bend and Portland. Because snow was falling at Klamath Falls, the aircraft was loaded in the hangar instead of on the ramp. There was some delay in pushing out the aircraft onto the ramp because the tow tractor lost traction in the snow. The aircraft was exposed to the falling snow for about 11 minutes before the plane was able to taxy out to runway 14. A few minutes later, at 05:01 the aircraft took off. During the takeoff roll, after rolling about 1000 feet, the aircraft gradually served to the left. The nose wheel left the ground 600 feet prior to the main gear at a point where the track was half way between the center of the runway and the left row of runway lights. The left main gear was about 12 feet off the left edge of the runway for a distance of 250 feet prior to lift-off. Just after lift-off the aircraft swerved sharply to the right and immediately back to the left. On climb out the aircraft tended to the left, despite several course corrections. After reaching 5250 feet, the altitude dropped again to 4700 feet. The aircraft continued to climb until it crashed on a steep ridge on the northwest slope of Stukel Mountain at an elevation of 5049 feet (1539 m). The F-27 was in a right wing low attitude when this wing contacted the mountain; the aircraft then cartwheeled up the 30° up slope of the mountain. The aircraft was destroyed and all four occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
Loss of control due to ice accretion on airframe surfaces. The Board further determines that the pilot should have required that deicing fluid be applied to the aircraft to remove the accumulation of ice and snow prior to takeoff. This had not been done by the appropriate maintenance personnel.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas DC-9-15 in Urbana: 25 killed

Date & Time: Mar 9, 1967 at 1153 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N1063T
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
New York – Harrisburg – Pittsburgh – Dayton – Chicago
MSN:
45777/80
YOM:
1967
Flight number:
TW553
Location:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
21
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
25
Captain / Total flying hours:
9832
Captain / Total hours on type:
193.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
1560
Copilot / Total hours on type:
15
Circumstances:
Flight 553 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from New York to Chicago, Illinois, with en-route stops at Harrisburg, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Dayton, Ohio. The flight departed Pittsburgh for Dayton at 1125 hours Eastern Standard Time on an IFR flight plan and was operated under radar surveillance for the duration of the flight. As the flight approached the Dayton terminal area it was cleared to descend from FL 200, its cruising altitude, to 5 000 ft, and a transfer of radar control from Indianapolis Air Route Traffic Control Centre (ARTCC) to the Dayton Radar Approach Control facility (RAPCON) was made when the flight was approximately 8 miles northeast of the Urbana Intersection on Victor Airway 12 North. The Dayton RAPCON approach controller established radio contact with the flight at 1152:36 hours. The flight was again cleared to 5 000 ft, instructed to take a heading of 240° for a vector to the final approach course (ILS) and to report leaving 6 000 ft. At 1153:22 hours, the controller cleared the flight to descend to and maintain 3 000 ft and turn left to a heading of 230'. This was correctly acknowledged by the pilot- in-command at 1153:28 hours. Immediately after the issuance of this clearance the controller observed for the first time an unidentified radar target ahead and slightly to the right of the flight and issued at 1153:32 hours the following traffic advisory: "TWA five fifty three, roger, and traffic at twelve thirty, one mile, southbound, slow moving." This was acknowledged by the pilot-in-command at 1153:36 hours. Approximately 14 seconds later, the flight and the unidentified radar target merged, separated, changed shape on the radar screen and then disappeared. At 1154:02 hours the controller advised the flight that it was clear of traffic but no reply was received. Subsequent efforts to establish contact with the flight were unsuccessful. The unidentified radar return was from a Beechcraft Baron B-55 on a company business flight, en route from Detroit, Michigan, to Springfield, Ohio. The aircraft had departed Detroit City Airport at 1101 hours on a special VFR clearance to leave the control zone 5 miles from the airport. No flight plan was filed, nor was one required. Approximately two minutes after take-off, the pilot reported on top of the smoke and haze and then left the Detroit tower frequency. No record of any further communication with any FAA communication facility or air traffic control facility could be found that related to the Beechcraft, nor was such communication required. The operator of Springfield Aviation Inc., at the Springfield Airport, testified that at approximately 1154 hours the pilot of the Beechcraft established radio contact with his office and requested a courtesy car. During this conversation the pilot stated that he would be landing shortly. There was no record of any subsequent radio contact with the aircraft. The aircraft collided at 1153:50 hours, in bright daylight, approximately 25 NM northeast of the Dayton Municipal Airport at an altitude of about 4 525 ft AMSL, and both aircraft crashed. The wreckage of the DC-9 was found in a wooded area. All 26 occupants in both aircraft were killed.
Probable cause:
The Board determined that the probable cause of this accident was the failure of the DC-9 crew to see and avoid the Beechcraft. Contributing to this cause were physiological and environmental conditions and the excessive speed of the DC-9 which reduced visual detection capabilities under an air traffic control system which was not designed or equipped to separate a mixture of controlled and uncontrolled traffic.
Final Report:

Crash of a Convair CV-580 near Marseilles: 38 killed

Date & Time: Mar 5, 1967 at 2007 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N73130
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Chicago – Lafayette – Cincinnati – Columbus – Toledo – Detroit
MSN:
23
YOM:
1952
Flight number:
LK527
Location:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
35
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
38
Captain / Total flying hours:
22425
Captain / Total hours on type:
403.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
4166
Copilot / Total hours on type:
250
Aircraft flight hours:
16216
Circumstances:
While descending to Toledo Airport and flying at an altitude of 7,000 feet, all four propeller blades on the right engine detached simultaneously. The blade number two penetrated the fuselage, causing a sudden cabin decompression. The pilot lost control of the airplane that entered a dive and eventually crashed in an open field located two miles southeast of Marseilles, Ohio. The aircraft was totally destroyed and none of the 38 occupants survived the crash.
Probable cause:
Failure of the right propeller due to the omission of the torque piston nitriding process during manufacture, and the failure of manufacturing quality control to detect the omission.
The following findings were reported:
- Loads on the torque cylinder caused by the failed torque piston of the n° 3 blade of the right propeller exceeded the finite fatigue of the cylinder and it failed in fatigue,
- The loss of oil pressure in the right propeller due to the failed torque cylinder caused the propeller pitch to decrease at a rate which exceeded the propeller pitch lock capability,
- The right propeller oversped, causing the blades to separate in overstress,
- The n°2 propeller blade of the right propeller penetrated the fuselage, destroying the structural integrity to the extent that together with the force of a right yaw attending the propeller separation, the fuselage failed along the line of the propeller penetrations,
- The torque piston n°3 blade had not been nitrided to surface hardening of the helical splines during the manufacture,
- The omission of the nitriding process was not detected by inspection,
- The omission of the nitriding process was associated with the movement of 10 torque pistons from the normal production flow to the Allison laboratory and return to the production process,
- The Allison quality control system lacked the accountability necessary to assure the requisite quality of the individual parts,
- The metal contamination oil check to isolate defective torque piston did not serve the intended purpose,
- Allison underestimated the seriousness of the defective torque piston problem.
Final Report: