Crash of a Douglas DC-9-31 in Boston: 88 killed

Date & Time:
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N975NE
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Burlington - Manchester - Boston
MSN:
47075/166
YOM:
1967
Flight number:
DL723
Crew on board:
6
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
83
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
88
Captain / Total flying hours:
14840
Captain / Total hours on type:
1457.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
6994
Copilot / Total hours on type:
217
Aircraft flight hours:
14639
Circumstances:
As Delta Flight 723 was descending, the approach clearance was given by the controller after a delay, because the controller was preoccupied with a potential conflict between two other aircraft. This caused the flight to be poorly positioned for approach. The aircraft passed the Outer Marker at a speed of 385 km/h (80 km/h too fast) and was 60 m above the glide slope. The flight director was inadvertently used in the 'go-around-mode', which led to abnormal instrument indications. This caused some confusion. The first officer, who was flying the approach became preoccupied with the problem. The DC-9 continued to descend and struck a seawall 3000 feet short of and 150 feet to the right of runway 04R, crashed and caught fire. RVR at the time was 500 m with 60 m overcast. Two passengers survived, one died a day later while the second passed away on December 11, 1973.
Probable cause:
The failure of the flight crew to monitor altitude and to recognize passage of the aircraft through the approach decision height during an unstabilized precision approach conducted in rapidly changing meteorological conditions. The unstabilized nature of the approach was due initially to the aircraft's passing the outer marker above the glide slope at an excessive airspeed and thereafter compounded by the flight crew's preoccupation with the questionable information presented by the flight director system. The poor positioning of the flight for the approach was in part the result of nonstandard air traffic control services.
Final Report:

Crash of a Beechcraft C18S off West Falmouth

Date & Time:
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
N44565
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Norfolk - Norfolk
MSN:
6859
YOM:
1944
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
2700
Captain / Total hours on type:
280.00
Circumstances:
The pilot, sole on board, departed Norfolk in the morning on a local pleasure flight. While flying over the ocean, he elected to transfer fuel from the right tank to the left tank when both engines failed simultaneously. Unable to restart them, he attempt to ditch the aircraft few miles off West Falmouth. The aircraft sank and was lost while the pilot was uninjured.
Probable cause:
Double engine failure in flight caused by a mismanagement of fuel. The following factors were reported:
- Inattentive to fuel supply,
- Fuel starvation,
- Pilot exhausted fuel from right tank, unable to restart on left tank.
Final Report:

Crash of a Beechcraft C45 off Honolulu: 5 killed

Date & Time:
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
N234JC
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Honolulu - Lihue - Honolulu
MSN:
AF-317
YOM:
1953
Location:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
8
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
5
Captain / Total flying hours:
2049
Captain / Total hours on type:
574.00
Circumstances:
After takeoff from Honolulu Airport, while climbing, both engines failed. The airplane lost height and crashed into the sea few dozen yards offshore. Four passengers were rescued while five other occupants, among them the pilot, were killed. The aircraft sank and was lost.
Probable cause:
Double engine failure during initial climb following a mismanagement of fuel on part of the pilot. The following factors were reported:
- Fuel starvation,
- Failed to maintain flying speed,
- Inadequate preflight preparation,
- Failed to use the pre-departure checklist,
- Improperly loaded aircraft,
- Seats improperly installed,
- Takeoff with rear auxiliary tanks that were not serviced,
- Fuel selector valve configuration different than other aircraft flown,
- All cabin seats separated.
Final Report:

Crash of a Fairchild-Hiller FH-227B in Saint Louis: 38 killed

Date & Time:
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N4215
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Schedule:
Nashville – Clarksville – Paducah – Cape Girardeau – Marion – Saint Louis
MSN:
513
YOM:
1966
Flight number:
OZ809
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
41
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
38
Captain / Total flying hours:
9170
Captain / Total hours on type:
4382.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
3921
Copilot / Total hours on type:
989
Aircraft flight hours:
14300
Circumstances:
Ozark Air Lines Flight 809, an FH-227B, was a regular flight between Nashville Metropolitan Airport, TN (BNA) and St. Louis (STL), with intermediate stops at Clarksville, TN (CKV), Paducah, KY (PAH), Cape Girardeau Airport, MO (CGI) and Marion-Williamson County Airport, IL (MWA) with an instrument flight rules (IFR) flight plan. The flight departed Marion at 17:05. The flight proceeded via the V-335 airway toward St. Louis without difficulty. At 17:26, the Kansas City Air Route Traffic Control Center (KCC) controller requested that Flight 809 make a 360 degree turn to the right. He advised that there would be about a 5-minute delay and that the right turn would keep the flight clear of the weather. At 17:28, the KCC controller cleared the flight to proceed to the St. Louis VOR and to contact St. Louis Approach Control. One minute later the first officer transmitted, "Approach, this is Ozark eight oh nine, seven thousand, with Quebec." Weather information 'Quebec' indicated: Estimated ceiling-4,000 feet broken, visibility-5 miles, haze and smoke, wind-120° at 8 knots , temperature-92 degrees, altimeter-30.06, ILS runway 12R approaches in use, landing and departing runways 12. The approach controller responded: "Ozark eight oh nine, Roger, maintain seven thousand and, ... continue toward the VOR, be vectors runway three zero left ILS." Between 17:32 and 17:39, the approach controller gave Flight 809 radar vectors through an area of thunderstorm cells that lay south and southeast of the St. Louis Airport. At 17:40, the controller cleared the flight for an ILS approach to runway 30L and cleared the flight crew to contact the St. Louis Control Tower. The Tower controller cleared the flight to land. At 17:42:31, the local controller said, "Ozark eight oh nine, it looks like a heavy rain shower moving right across the approach end of the runway now." The first officer replied, "Roger, we see it." After passing the Outer Marker, the aircraft began to descend below the glide slope until it struck the ground. First, the aircraft struck tree tops about 55 feet above the ground then crashed on a hillside located less than two miles from runway 30L threshold, in the district of Normandy. Two crew members and four passengers survived while all 38 other occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
The aircraft's encounter with a downdraft following the captain's decision to initiate and continue an instrument approach into a thunderstorm. The captain's decision probably was influenced by the lack of a timely issuance of a severe weather warning by the National Weather Service, and the improper assessment of the weather conditions in the terminal area by the flight crew and the flight dispatcher.
Final Report:

Crash of a Beechcraft A60 Duke off New Orleans: 3 killed

Date & Time:
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N7658D
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Yakima – Tulsa – New Orleans
MSN:
P-158
YOM:
1971
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Circumstances:
The airplane was completing a flight from Yakima, Washington, to New Orleans with an intermediate stop in Tulsa, OK. On final approach by night, the pilot lost control of the airplane that crashed into Lake Pontchartrain few hundred yards short of runway. Few debris were found floating on water and a day later, it was confirmed that all three occupants have been killed.
Probable cause:
Loss of control on a night approach after the pilot suffered a spatial disorientation. The following factors were reported:
- Pilot fatigue,
- Surrounding area sparsely limited,
- No approach light.
Final Report:

Crash of a Beechcraft 60 Duke in Valdosta: 1 killed

Date & Time:
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N7282D
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Chamblee - Valdosta
MSN:
P-84
YOM:
1969
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Captain / Total flying hours:
1555
Captain / Total hours on type:
57.00
Circumstances:
On approach to Valdosta Airport, the pilot encountered poor weather conditions with low clouds and fog. Too high on the localizer, he failed to execute a missed approach and attempted circling approach below published minimums when he lost control of the airplane that crashed in flames. A passenger was killed while both other occupants were injured.
Probable cause:
Improper IFR operation on part of the pilot. The following factors were reported:
- The pilot failed to maintain flying speed,
- Low ceiling and fog,
- Poorly planned approach.
Final Report:

Crash of a Boeing B-17G-110-VE Flying Fortress in Eureka: 2 killed

Date & Time:
Registration:
N620L
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Elko - Elko
MSN:
8749
YOM:
1942
Flight number:
Tanker 54
Location:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Captain / Total flying hours:
11300
Captain / Total hours on type:
59.00
Circumstances:
The crew departed Elko Airport in the early evening on a fire fighting mission in the region of Eureka. While flying at low height, the pilot-in-command initiated a sharp turn when control was lost. The airplane crashed in a hilly terrain and was destroyed by impact forces and a post crash fire. Both pilots were killed.
Probable cause:
The pilot failed to obtain/maintain flying speed. The following factors were reported:
- Downdrafts, updrafts,
- Unfavorable wind conditions,
- Downwind,
- Low altitude steep turn downwind over down slope side of mountain,
- Dry run over fire line,
- Full load,
- Wind gusty.
Final Report:

Crash of a Curtiss C-46F-1-CU Commando in Beluga

Date & Time:
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N1312V
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Anchorage - Beluga
MSN:
22575
YOM:
1945
Location:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
12500
Captain / Total hours on type:
1100.00
Circumstances:
On short final, the airplane was too low and the main gear struck a bank located 152 feet short of runway and about 18 inches below the runway level. The pilot tried to go around but the left engine failed. The airplane crash landed on the runway and came to rest. All three crew members escaped uninjured.
Probable cause:
The crew misjudged distance and altitude on short final. The following factors were reported:
- Poorly planned approach,
- Downdrafts, updrafts,
- Overload failure,
- Accident occurred in below VMC.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas DC-7CF near Miami: 3 killed

Date & Time:
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
N296
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Miami - La Romana
MSN:
45466/955
YOM:
1958
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Captain / Total flying hours:
10000
Captain / Total hours on type:
3000.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
1800
Aircraft flight hours:
25827
Circumstances:
The crew was completing a cargo flight from Miami to La Romana on behalf of Warnaco Inc. Shortly after a night takeoff from runway 27L at Miami-Intl Airport, while in initial climb, the crew encountered very bad weather conditions with heavy rain falls and turbulences. The airplane went out of control and crashed nose first in the Everglades National park, about 8,9 NM northwest of the airport. The aircraft was destroyed and all three crew members were killed.
Probable cause:
The loss of aircraft control, due either to turbulence or an in-flight fire or both. Inability of the crew to establish timely radio communications with the departure controller was a factor, because it delayed compliance with thunderstorm avoidance vectors
Final Report:

Crash of a Grumman E-2B Hawkeye in Norfolk: 5 killed

Date & Time:
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Norfolk - White Plains
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
5
Circumstances:
The crew departed Norfolk-Chambers Field on a flight to the Northrop Grumman facilities in White Plains, NY. About two minutes after takeoff from runway 10, while in initial climb, the airplane encountered difficulties, stalled and crashed on a beach located in Ocean View Beach, about 4 miles east of the airport. The aircraft was destroyed and all five crew members were killed.
Crew:
Lt Walter J. MacLeod Jr.,
Lt Randall M. Moore,
Lt Edward W. Cassel,
Lt Arthur T. Dunn,
Ens Howard E. Wagoner.