Crash of a Piper PA-31-350 Navajo Chieftain into Lake Minchumina

Date & Time: Sep 24, 1977 at 1400 LT
Registration:
N103TA
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Lake Minchumina - Fairbanks
MSN:
31-7405237
YOM:
1974
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
5
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
3160
Captain / Total hours on type:
600.00
Circumstances:
During the takeoff roll on a gravel runway, the nose baggage compartment door opened. After liftoff, the pilot encountered pitch control problems and elected to ditch the aircraft into Lake Minchumina. All six occupants were evacuated, the pilot was seriously injured. The aircraft was written off.
Probable cause:
The nose baggage compartment door accidentally opened during a takeoff completed from a poorly maintained runway surface. The following findings were reported:
- Airframe - fuselage: doors, door frames,
- Aircraft came to rest in water,
- Forced landing off airport on water,
- Pitch control problem,
- Door/panel open,
- Takeoff from gravel runway.
Final Report:

Crash of a Beechcraft C90 King Air in Pontiac: 2 killed

Date & Time: Sep 23, 1977 at 1409 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N23796
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Moline - Hot Springs
MSN:
LJ-737
YOM:
1977
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
1
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Captain / Total flying hours:
3000
Captain / Total hours on type:
10.00
Circumstances:
While cruising at an altitude of 21,000 feet in marginal weather conditions, the airplane went out of control, spiraled to the ground and crashed in a field. The aircraft was totally destroyed and both occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
Airframe failure in flight and uncontrolled descent for undetermined reasons. The following findings were reported:
- Overload failure,
- Separation in flight,
- Rudder, horizontal stabilizers, elevators, outboard section of left wing separated in flight.
Final Report:

Crash of a Boeing EC-135K Stratotanker near Kirtland AFB: 20 killed

Date & Time: Sep 14, 1977 at 2348 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
62-3536
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Kirkland - Nellis
MSN:
18519
YOM:
1963
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
15
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
20
Aircraft flight hours:
7307
Circumstances:
En route from Kirtland AFB to Nellis AFB, the four engine airplane crashed less than three minutes after a night takeoff in a mountainous area located in the Manzano Mountain Range, about 5 miles east of Kirtland AFB. The aircraft disintegrated on impact and all 20 occupants were killed. After takeoff from runway 08, ATC informed the crew about an insufficient altitude and instructed the crew to turn to the right and gain height. Shortly later, at an altitude of 6,500 feet, the airplane struck the ground and crashed on the slope of a mountain, less than 30 feet below the summit.
Probable cause:
No technical deficiencies were reported on instruments. No structural failure occurred and there was no failure of the electrical system. It is believed that the flying crew neglected the departure procedures due to an intense fatigue and failed to follow the departure and climb track. Investigations revealed that the aircraft rolled to the right to an angle of 30°, causing the right wing tip to struck the ground. The engine n°4 was torn off and the aircraft crashed in a huge explosion.

Crash of a Douglas DC-7BF in Yakutat: 4 killed

Date & Time: Sep 12, 1977 at 0012 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N6314J
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Yakutat - Anchorage
MSN:
45359/868
YOM:
1957
Location:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
4
Circumstances:
Shortly after takeoff from Yakutat Airport, while climbing to a height of 50 feet, one of the engine caught fire. The captain elected to return for an emergency landing when he lost control of the airplane that crashed in flames in a wooded area located 2,5 miles from the airport. The aircraft was destroyed and all four crew members were killed.
Probable cause:
Engine failure during initial climb due to inadequate maintenance and inspection. The following contributing factors were reported:
- Attempted operation with known deficiencies in equipment,
- Powerplant - exhaust system: stacks,
- Valve assemblies,
- Fire in engine,
- Improperly loaded aircraft, weight and CofG,
- Improper emergency procedures,
- Pilot fatigue,
- Aircraft approximately 1,745 pounds over max gross weight,
- Engine not feathered as the autofeather system was not connected,
- 100 octane fuel.
Final Report:

Crash of a Learjet 25B in Sanford: 5 killed

Date & Time: Sep 8, 1977 at 2020 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N999HG
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Sanford - Flint
MSN:
25-178
YOM:
1974
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
3
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
5
Captain / Total flying hours:
9364
Aircraft flight hours:
700
Circumstances:
About 2020 EST, on September 8, 1977, Champion Home Builders Company, Gates Learjet 25B, N999HG, crashed shortly after takeoff at Sanford, North Carolina. All five persons aboard were killed, and the aircraft was destroyed. The aircraft departed Sanford Airport about 2018 EST, for a flight to Flint, Michigan. In accordance with departure instructions from Fayetteville departure control, the flight was about 3 mi west of the airport, climbing through 3,000 ft, on a heading of 270°, when it disappeared from radar. There were no distress calls, but several witnesses west of the airport saw the aircraft on fire below the 600 feet suddenly dove to the ground. People in the immediate vicinity reported that the overcast ceiling. The flight completed a right turn to a northeasterly heading and aircraft was on fire before it crashed.
Probable cause:
The National Transportation Safety Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was one or more low-order explosions in the aircraft's aft fuselage determine conclusively the fuel and ignition sources of the initial explosion; which resulted in a fire and loss of control capability. The Safety Board could not however, gases from the aircraft's batteries or fuel leakage from fuel system components, or both, could have been present in the area of the initial explosion.
Final Report:

Crash of a De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter 200 near Iliamna: 13 killed

Date & Time: Sep 6, 1977 at 1452 LT
Operator:
Registration:
N563MA
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Iliamna - Anchorage
MSN:
196
YOM:
1969
Flight number:
AAI302
Location:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
11
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
13
Captain / Total flying hours:
4335
Captain / Total hours on type:
1124.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
1380
Copilot / Total hours on type:
371
Aircraft flight hours:
15369
Circumstances:
Flight 302 departed Iliamna at 1419LT with 11 passengers and 2 crew members on board. It was cleared to Anchorage on an instrument flight rules (IFR) flight plan via the low frequency airways--Red Airway 99 (Red 99) to the Kakon Intersection, and then Green Airway 8 (Green 8) to Anchorage. The flight was to maintain 7,000 ft. At 1425:20, the flight crew of Flight 302 established radio contact with Anchorage Air Route Traffic Control Center's (Anchorage Center) D2 nonradar sector controller. They reported that the flight was level at 7,000 ft and that they estimated arrival at Kakon Intersection at 1434. At 1428:35, Anchorage Center requested the flight's estimate for its arrival at Homer, Alaska. The flight crew responded that they estimated to be over Homer at 1515. The flight crew of Flight 302 did not make radio contact when they were over Kakon Intersection; however, at 1439:40 they requested of Anchorage Center, "302, we would like to file Green 8 and intercept the 192° bearing from Wildwood." Fifteen seconds later, Anchorage Center cleared the flight to proceed along the new route of flight and to remain at 7,000 ft. At 1440:50, the flight crew of Flight 302 advised, "302, we--we'll estimate Clams at 15 past the hour." Anchorage Center acknowledged the advisory. This was the last known radio transmission from Flight 302. At 1452:08, three abrupt, audible sounds were recorded on the Anchorage Center tape of incoming air-to-ground communications with Flight 302. These sounds were similar to those produced by a carrier frequency that was heard during the activation of Flight 302's radio transmitter during earlier radio communications with the Center. After several unsuccessful attempts to contact Flight 302 by several air traffic, control facilities between Iliamna and Anchorage and after the flight could not be detected on radar in the areas where radar coverage was available, Anchorage Center initiated the required actions to alert and notify appropriate authorities of a possible aircraft accident. U.S. Air Force search and rescue aircraft located the wreckage site at 1643 on September 7, 1977. The aircraft had struck a glacier face on the southwest side of Mt Iliamna at the 7,000 ft elevation. There were no survivors. Because of the rapidly changing environmental conditions on the glacier face of Mt Iliamna, recovery of bodies and wreckage was not possible.
Probable cause:
The National Transportation Safety Board determines that the probable cause of the accident was the failure of the flightcrew to use proper navigational procedures for the route to be flown, especially their failure to use the available backup means of navigation to verify the position and the progress of the flight.
Final Report:

Crash of a Beechcraft C-45H Expeditor in Detroit: 1 killed

Date & Time: Aug 31, 1977 at 0403 LT
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
N125TF
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Cleveland - Detroit
MSN:
AF-351
YOM:
1953
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Captain / Total flying hours:
6331
Captain / Total hours on type:
851.00
Circumstances:
On final approach by night to Detroit-Willow Run (Ypsilanti) Airport, the pilot encountered foggy conditions. He failed to realize his altitude was too low when the airplane struck the ground and crashed few miles short of runway. The aircraft was destroyed and the pilot was killed.
Probable cause:
Controlled flight into terrain on final approach due to improper IFR operation. The following contributing factors were reported:
- Fog,
- Visibility half a mile or less,
- Weather conditions below minimums.
Final Report:

Crash of a Noorduyn UC-64A Norseman in New Salem

Date & Time: Aug 28, 1977 at 1200 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N69795
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
New Salem - New Salem
MSN:
667
YOM:
1944
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
9
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
859
Captain / Total hours on type:
125.00
Circumstances:
The single engine airplane was engaged in a local flight, carrying one pilot and nine skydivers. After takeoff from New Salem Airstrip, the airplane encountered difficulties to gain height. It struck trees then stalled and crashed in flames in a wooded area. All 10 occupants were injured and the aircraft was destroyed.
Probable cause:
Engine malfunction during initial climb and collision with trees due to fuel system corroded. The following contributing factors were reported:
- Powerplant, fuel system, carburetor, corroded and obstructed,
- Fuel starvation,
- High obstructions,
- Forced landing off airport on land,
- Corrosion deposit found blocking accelerator pump outlet orifice of Bendix Stromberg NA-Y9E1 carburetor.
Final Report:

Crash of a Cessna 411 off Yakutat: 7 killed

Date & Time: Aug 27, 1977
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
N4930T
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Juneau - Anchorage
MSN:
411-0130
YOM:
1965
Location:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
5
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
7
Captain / Total flying hours:
2150
Captain / Total hours on type:
100.00
Circumstances:
En route from Juneau to Anchorage, while cruising in marginal weather conditions, the pilot reported engine problems when contact was lost. The airplane entered a spin and crashed into the ocean off Yakutat. Few debris and two dead bodies were found. The aircraft sank and was lost.
Probable cause:
Due to lack of evidences, the exact cause of the accident could not be determined. The following findings were reported:
- Powerplant failure for undetermined reasons,
- Icing conditions including sleet and freezing rain,
- Partial loss of power on one engine,
- Complete failure of one engine,
- Weather slightly worse than forecast,
- Ceiling 1,200 feet,
- Pilot reported securing engine n°2,
- Passengers recovered from bay,
- Aircraft damage and injury index presumed.
Final Report:

Crash of a Beechcraft 65-88 Queen Air in Camarillo: 3 killed

Date & Time: Aug 25, 1977 at 1600 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N711KW
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Van Nuys - Van Nuys
MSN:
LP-38
YOM:
1966
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
1
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Captain / Total flying hours:
5610
Captain / Total hours on type:
30.00
Circumstances:
The crew departed Van Nuys for a local test flight. En route, a fire erupted in the left wheel well and spread to the left wing that detached in flight. Out of control, the airplane entered a dive and crashed in flames. All three occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
In-flight fire during normal cruise for undetermined reasons. The following findings were reported:
- Fire in brakes, wheel assembly, wheel well,
- Fire in wing,
- Separation in flight,
- In-flight loss of left wing,
- Severe fire in left wheel well aft of left engine firewall, source undetermined.
Final Report: