Convair CV-240

Controlled flight into terrain.

Wheels-up landing caused by a crew error. The following factors were considered as contributing:
- The pilot-in-command failed to extend the landing gear on approach,
- The crew failed to use the approach checklist,
- Failure of the landing gear warning and indicating components,
- Inadequate maintenance and inspection on part of the maintenance personnel,
- The gear warning horn was improperly set.

Improper operation of powerplant and powerplant controls after landing. Asymmetrical thrust reversal caused the airplane to be out of control.

The conclusion set forth above is based on the fact that the electro-mechanical reverse safety device installed on the landing gear is so designed that whec the left landing gear strut is compressed it closes an electric circuit and frees the throttle lock. Therefore, the aircraft must touch down and roll for some distance in order to lose some lift through decrease in speed, The full weight of the aircraft is then on the landing gear and it is possible to move the levers manually and place the throttles into the proper position to reverse the propellers and then to give more throttle to gain more reverse thrust, All this requires some time and some ground roll distance after touchdown, which may or my not have some effect on the estimated distance for braking the aircraft or discontinuing the landing. The fact that the reverse lock safety system was inoperative was considered a deficiency in maintenance, even in the assumption that it had been intentionally so adjusted by the crew or during overhauls in the aviation workshops. The confirmed abnormality explains why in this particular case the levers could be moved back and the propeller reversing system operated. In accordance with the above findings and conclusions, it was considered that the statements by the crew members should be disregarded because, as brought out by the evidence, the accident was due to premature operation of the reversing system, when the aircraft was on final approach at a height of 20 metres, thereby causing it to go into a stall, This, together with the fact that the reverse safety mechanism was not: operating as it should have been, led to operation of the reversing system before the landing gear had made contact with the runway an essential requirement for operation of the propeller reversing system, barring any irregularities in the operation of the equipment. It is furthermore considered that the pilot-in-command acted incorrectly and imprudently in prematurely operating the propeller reversing system during the final approach instead of following the required procedure of applying reverse propellers during the landing run, when the weight of the aircraft is firmly on the landing gear. Consequently, the accident -- which was classified as serious -- was attributed to sudden loss of lift of the aircraft when it was about to land, which caused it to drop to the ground, slew round and turn over as a result of premature application of the propeller reversing system. An unofficial report stated that a paper cup was placed on the center console by the crew. On final approach, the content of this cup poured on the gear levers, causing an electrical short-circuit that caused the activation of the thrust reversers.

It was reported the right main gear was not locked down prior to touchdown for undetermined reason.

The overlapping effects of excessive air speed in touchdown, inoperative propeller reversing, insufficient effect of the foot brake and the counter effect of the second reversing operations, although it is very difficult to judge to what degree any of the above-mentioned causes affect this accident.

Control was lost while attempting a go around manoeuvre due top the failure of the left engine. It was reported that the crew failed to react properly to an emergency situation due, among others, to a lack of training.

The aircraft descended below the prescribed altitude for undetermined reasons.