Crash of a PZL-Mielec AN-28 in Weston-on-the-Green

Date & Time: Aug 28, 1993 at 1620 LT
Type of aircraft:
PZL-Mielec AN-28
Operator:
Hungarian Aeronautical Association - Magyar Repülő Szövetség
Registration:
HA-LAJ
Flight Phase:
Takeoff (climb)
Flight Type:
Skydiving / Paratroopers
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Airport (less than 10 km from airport)
Schedule:
Weston-on-the-Green - Weston-on-the-Green
MSN:
1AJ005-11
YOM:
1988
Location:
Weston-on-the-Green
Oxfordshire
Country:
United Kingdom
Region:
Europe
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
17
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
9400
Captain / Total hours on type:
1200.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
2310
Copilot / Total hours on type:
510
Aircraft flight hours:
1616
Aircraft flight cycles:
1384
Circumstances:
The twin engine aircraft was engaged in a local skydiving mission, carrying 17 skydivers and two pilots. After takeoff, while climbing, both engines simultaneously suffered a total power loss. The commander reported that the simultaneous failure did not induce any yaw and that the only two warning lights which illuminated in the cockpit were those indicative of double engine failure. Following the power loss, the aircraft's speed decayed rapidly leading the commander to suspect that the automatic outboard wing spoilers had also deployed. Realising that a forced landing was the only option available to him, he initiated a steep descent to maintain airspeed and a turn through 90° to the right to position the aircraft for a forced landing in a large field of corn stubble. The aircraft landed heavily in a slightly nose up attitude, banked slightly to the right, at an estimated speed of 170 km/h (92 knots) and slid to rest with substantial damage to the fuselage, landing gear, wing struts, propellers and wings. All 19 occupants evacuated the cabin and were uninjured.
Probable cause:
The following findings were reported:
- A latent defect in the electrical system caused a simultaneous total power loss as the flaps were retracted at 500 feet agl on climb out, with automatic operation of both asymmetric spoiler systems.
- The latent defect had been caused by progressive loosening of a single earthing screw, which provided a common earth point for the flap electric signalling and propeller auto feathering systems. This induced a high resistance to earth at this point and caused feathering of both propellers when flap retraction was selected, in addition to automatic closure of both engine fuel shut-off valves (within the fuel control units) and extension of both outboard spoilers.
- At manufacture in Poland a single earthing point had been installed which was not in accordance with the design requirements for this aircraft type as issued by the Antonov Design Bureau, which had required dual combined earthing terminals for the flap signalling and propeller auto feathering systems.
- The Antonov Design Bureau had never cleared this type of aircraft for flight with the aft clam-shell doors removed, or for parachute training.
- This aircraft had been incorrectly granted an Aerial Work Permit for parachuting operations in the UK by the Department of Transport, assisted by the CAA, as a result of implicit reliance upon submitted documentation which was subsequently proven invalid.
Final Report:

Crash of a Yakovlev Yak-40 in Khorugh: 82 killed

Date & Time: Aug 28, 1993 at 1046 LT
Type of aircraft:
Yakovlev Yak-40
Operator:
Registration:
EY-87995
Flight Phase:
Takeoff (climb)
Flight Type:
Scheduled Revenue Flight
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Airport (less than 10 km from airport)
Schedule:
Khorugh - Dushanbe
MSN:
9 54 19 44
YOM:
1975
Location:
Khorugh
Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province
Country:
Tajikistan
Region:
Asia
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
81
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
82
Circumstances:
During takeoff roll at Khorugh Airport, at Vr speed, the crew started the rotation but the aircraft failed to respond and did not lift off. It continued at high speed, overran, collided with a concrete wall located 150 metres past the runway end and eventually crashed in the Pyanj River. Four passengers were rescued while 82 other occupants were killed, most of them woman, children and soldiers.
Probable cause:
The accident occurred during the Tajik Civil War. It was determined that soldiers forced the crew to embark as many passengers as possible while the Yak-40 is certified fox max 32 passengers. At the time of the accident were 81 passengers on board. As the total weight of the aircraft was 3 tons above MTOW, it was impossible to take off in such conditions.

Crash of a Cessna 208A Caravan I near Sinop

Date & Time: Aug 26, 1993
Type of aircraft:
Cessna 208A Caravan
Operator:
Registration:
PT-OGN
Flight Phase:
Takeoff (climb)
Flight Type:
Illegal (smuggling)
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Plain, Valley
Schedule:
Gurupi – São Felix do Araguaia
MSN:
208-0020
YOM:
1985
Location:
Sinop
Mato Grosso
Country:
Brazil
Region:
South America
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
6
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
While in cruising altitude on a flight from Gurupi to São Felix do Araguaia, the crew was hijacked by four of the six passengers. Two of the hijackers took over controls and landed on a small airstrip located in Fazenda Uirapuru near Sinop. On ground, both pilots and two passengers disembarked and the four hijackers took off immediately. Few seconds after take off, the aircraft encountered difficulties to gain height, struck a tree and crashed in a ravine located 30 km from Sinop. All four hijackers disappeared and were not recovered. The aircraft was destroyed.
Probable cause:
Crashed in unknown circumstances after being hijacked.

Crash of an Antonov AN-12TB in Slavgorod

Date & Time: Aug 20, 1993 at 1851 LT
Type of aircraft:
Antonov AN-12
Operator:
Registration:
RA-11375
Flight Phase:
Takeoff (climb)
Flight Type:
Cargo
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Airport (less than 10 km from airport)
Schedule:
Slavgorod - Samara
MSN:
4 024 05
YOM:
1965
Flight number:
OG9117
Location:
Slavgorod
Altai Krai
Country:
Russia
Region:
Asia
Crew on board:
6
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Aircraft flight hours:
30840
Aircraft flight cycles:
13112
Circumstances:
The aircraft was completing a cargo flight from Slavgorod to Samara, carrying six crew members and a load of 10,8 tons of hydraulic fluids in barrels. After takeoff, while climbing to a height of about 50 metres, both engines n°2 & 4 failed simultaneously. The crew declared an emergency and was cleared to return. The captain realized this would not be possible and attempted an emergency landing in an open field located 8,6 km from the airport. The aircraft landed in a flapless and gear up configuration. Upon touchdown, the tail separated and the aircraft slid for few dozen metres before coming to rest, bursting into flames. All six occupants were injured, four of them seriously.
Probable cause:
It was determined that a flock of birds just flew away from a wheat field when the aircraft was climbing. Several birds collided with both engines n°2 & 4 that failed immediately.

Crash of a De Havilland DHC-3 Otter in Nikabuna Lake

Date & Time: Aug 19, 1993 at 1522 LT
Type of aircraft:
De Havilland DHC-3 Otter
Operator:
Registration:
N321KA
Flight Phase:
Takeoff (climb)
Flight Type:
Charter/Taxi (Non Scheduled Revenue Flight)
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Plain, Valley
Schedule:
Nikabuna Lake - Anchorage
MSN:
415
YOM:
1962
Location:
Nikabuna Lake
Alaska
Country:
United States of America
Region:
North America
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
5
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
7500
Captain / Total hours on type:
350.00
Aircraft flight hours:
7200
Circumstances:
The on-demand fishing/hunting charter air carrier pilot experienced a total loss of power and landed in a small lake. During the ground run following the emergency landing a oil-fed fire destroyed the aircraft. Investigators found inadequate flight following documentation, and fuel records or maintenance records for accident acft or operation. Passenger witnesses reported low fuel gauges prior to takeoff. Fuel pump examination indicated fuel starvation.
Probable cause:
Fluid, fuel starvation as a result of the pilot-in-command's improper inflight planning/decision. A factor in the accident was the operator's inadequate flight time and fuel upload record keeping.
Final Report:

Crash of an Antonov AN-2 in Yegoryevsk: 2 killed

Date & Time: Aug 16, 1993
Type of aircraft:
Antonov AN-2
Operator:
Flight Phase:
Takeoff (climb)
Flight Type:
Training
Survivors:
No
Site:
Airport (less than 10 km from airport)
Schedule:
Yegoryevsk - Yegoryevsk
Location:
Yegoryevsk
Moscow oblast
Country:
Russia
Region:
Asia
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Circumstances:
Two pilots, one German pilot under supervision and one instructor took place on board the aircraft for a local training flight out from Yegoryevsk. After takeoff, while in initial climb, the crew initiated a left turn when the aircraft struck trees and crashed on a military parking lot, bursting into flames. Both occupants were killed.

Crash of a Travel Air 4000 in Marlboro: 2 killed

Date & Time: Aug 7, 1993 at 1850 LT
Type of aircraft:
Travel Air 4000
Operator:
Biplane Adventure Tours
Registration:
NC365M
Flight Phase:
Takeoff (climb)
Flight Type:
Private
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Airport (less than 10 km from airport)
Schedule:
Marlboro - Marlboro
MSN:
1297
Location:
Marlboro
New Jersey
Country:
United States of America
Region:
North America
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Captain / Total flying hours:
2636
Captain / Total hours on type:
336.00
Aircraft flight hours:
6276
Circumstances:
This flight was the ninth sightseeing flight of the day for this airplane and pilot. No problems had been reported on the earlier flights. After takeoff and at an altitude of approximately 150 feet, the engine lost power and it began to sputter. The pilot initiated a left turn to land on a field north of the airport. During this turn, the pilot lost control of the airplane, and it impacted the ground in a nose low attitude. A post-impact fire destroyed the airplane and severely burned the engine. An examination of the engine revealed no discrepancies. The pilot was seriously injured while both passengers were killed.
Probable cause:
The loss of engine power for undetermined reasons, and the pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed, which resulted in an inadvertent stall and inflight collision with the terrain.
Final Report:

Crash of a De Havilland DHC-2 Beaver in Lake Allard: 5 killed

Date & Time: Jul 28, 1993 at 1800 LT
Type of aircraft:
De Havilland DHC-2 Beaver
Operator:
Aero Golfe
Registration:
C-FIUS
Flight Phase:
Takeoff (climb)
Flight Type:
Charter/Taxi (Non Scheduled Revenue Flight)
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Lake, Sea, Ocean, River
Schedule:
Lake Allard - Seven Islands
MSN:
901
YOM:
1956
Location:
Lake Allard
Quebec
Country:
Canada
Region:
North America
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
5
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
5
Circumstances:
Following the derailment of a train, employees of the mine company 'QIT Fer et Titane' should be transferred from Lake Allard to Seven Islands. After takeoff from Lake Allard, the engine failed. As no suitable terrain was available, the pilot initiated a 180 turn to attempt an emergency landing on the lake. During the last turn, the aircraft stalled and crashed in the lake. A passengers was rescued while five other occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
Engine failure for unknown reasons. The aircraft stalled during the last turn because its speed was insufficient.

Crash of a Cessna 404 Titan II in Bogotá: 13 killed

Date & Time: Jul 24, 1993 at 1340 LT
Type of aircraft:
Cessna 404 Titan
Operator:
Registration:
HK-3001G
Flight Phase:
Takeoff (climb)
Flight Type:
Government
Survivors:
No
Site:
City
Schedule:
Bogotá - Cali
Location:
Bogotá-El Dorado
Bogotá Capital District
Country:
Colombia
Region:
South America
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
4
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
13
Circumstances:
Shortly after takeoff from Bogotá-El Dorado Airport, while climbing, the crew informed ATC about the failure of the left engine and was cleared to return for an emergency landing. While turning to the left, the aircraft stalled and crashed on a building housing a car dealership. All seven occupants on board the Cessna as well as six people on the ground were killed, among them the Director and the Deputy Director of the Civil Aviation Authority of Colombia. Seven other people on the ground were injured.
Probable cause:
Failure of the left engine during initial climb for unknown reasons. The aircraft then stall due to insufficient speed.

Crash of a BAe 146-300 in Yinchuan: 55 killed

Date & Time: Jul 23, 1993 at 1441 LT
Type of aircraft:
BAe 146
Operator:
Registration:
B-2716
Flight Phase:
Takeoff (climb)
Flight Type:
Scheduled Revenue Flight
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Airport (less than 10 km from airport)
Schedule:
Yinchuan - Beijing
MSN:
E3215
YOM:
1992
Flight number:
WH2119
Location:
Yinchuan
Ningxia Hui
Country:
China
Region:
Asia
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
108
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
55
Circumstances:
During the takeoff roll on runway 36 at Yinchuan Airport, at Vr speed, the pilot-in-command pull up the control column to rotate but the aircraft failed to respond. Following a lack of crew coordination and inappropriate decisions, the crew failed to abort the takeoff procedure. After a long roll, the nose gear lifted off but the aircraft entered a high nose attitude, causing the tail to struck the runway surface. The aircraft then overran runway 36, collided with various obstacles and eventually crashed in a lake. 58 occupants were injured while 55 others were killed, among them one crew member. Weather conditions were good with OAT +27° C and an excellent visibility. Runway 36 is 2,160 metres long.
Probable cause:
It was determined that the accident was the consequence of a wrong takeoff configuration on part of the crew. For unknown reasons, both leading edge and trailing edge flaps were not properly deployed for the takeoff procedure. Due to lack of coordination, the crew failed to proceed to cross checks prior to departure and failed to realize that the aircraft was not properly configured for takeoff. Nevertheless, it was not established if the flaps warning sounded or not prior to the accident.
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