Crash of an Antonov AN-72 in Vorkuta

Date & Time: Oct 23, 1994
Type of aircraft:
Antonov AN-72
Operator:
Federal Border Guard Aviation Command
Registration:
RA-72960
Flight Phase:
Takeoff (climb)
Flight Type:
Government
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Airport (less than 10 km from airport)
MSN:
36572093865
YOM:
1981
Location:
Vorkuta
Republic of Komi
Country:
Russia
Region:
Asia
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
29
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
During the takeoff roll at Vorkuta, the left engine suffered a hydraulic failure. The crew lost control of the aircraft that deviated to the left, veered off runway and came to rest, bursting into flames. All 34 occupants escaped uninjured while the aircraft was destroyed.

Crash of a Rockwell Grand Commander 690B in Springfield: 1 killed

Date & Time: Oct 8, 1994 at 1031 LT
Type of aircraft:
Rockwell Grand Commander 690
Operator:
Bill B. Limbaugh
Registration:
N27MT
Flight Phase:
Takeoff (climb)
Flight Type:
Private
Survivors:
No
Site:
Airport (less than 10 km from airport)
Schedule:
Springfield - Olathe
MSN:
690-11533
YOM:
1979
Location:
Springfield-Downtown
Missouri
Country:
United States of America
Region:
North America
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Captain / Total flying hours:
2750
Captain / Total hours on type:
3.00
Circumstances:
After taking off on an IFR flight, the airplane was observed to climb into a low overcast. The pilot contacted departure control and reported climbing through 2,200 feet for an assigned altitude of 5,000 feet msl. Shortly thereafter, radar and radio contact were lost, and the airplane crashed in a steep dive. During an investigation, no preimpact part failure or malfunction was found, though the airplane was extensively damaged during impact. The pilot's logbook indicated that he had flown three instrument approaches on 3/3/94 and that he had flown 3.1 hours in actual instrument conditions since that date.
Probable cause:
Failure of the pilot to maintain control of the airplane, due to spatial disorientation. A factor related to the accident was: the pilot's lack of recent instrument experience.
Final Report:

Crash of an Antonov AN-8 in Chaibukha: 8 killed

Date & Time: Sep 30, 1994 at 1110 LT
Type of aircraft:
Antonov AN-8
Operator:
Arsenyev Aviation Production Association
Registration:
RA-27209
Flight Phase:
Takeoff (climb)
Flight Type:
Cargo
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Airport (less than 10 km from airport)
Schedule:
Arsenyev - Khabarovsk - Chaibukha - Bukhta Provideniya
MSN:
0A3460
YOM:
1960
Location:
Chaibukha
Magadan oblast
Country:
Russia
Region:
Asia
Crew on board:
6
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
15
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
8
Aircraft flight hours:
15611
Aircraft flight cycles:
5815
Circumstances:
The aircraft was completing a cargo flight from Arsenyev to Bukhta Provideniya with intermediate stops in Khabarovsk and Chaibukha, carrying 15 passengers, 6 crew members and a load of six tons of fruits and vegetables. During the takeoff roll from Chaibukha Airport, following a misunderstanding by the crew, the pilot-in-command failed to initiate the rotation and takeoff. The aircraft rolled for about 2,250 metres, overran, went through a fence and came to rest in a swampy area. Four crew members and four passengers were killed while 13 other occupants were injured. The aircraft was destroyed.
Probable cause:
The accident was the consequence of a poor flight preparation and wrong takeoff configuration on part of the crew. The following contributing factors were reported:
- The takeoff was rushed and the crew failed to follow the pre-takeoff checklist,
- The elevators were selected in an inappropriate angle during takeoff,
- The total weight of the aircraft was above MTOW,
- The crew did not have sufficient rest time,
- Due to fatigue, the crew performances were reduced,
- A certain level/degree of alcohol was found in the captain's blood,
- Poor crew coordination,
- Misunderstanding by the crew,
- The pilot-in-command failed to initiate the rotation,
- The crew failed to abandon the takeoff procedure while it was obviously compromised.

Crash of a Rockwell 1121B Jet Commander in Córdoba: 8 killed

Date & Time: Sep 29, 1994 at 2058 LT
Type of aircraft:
Rockwell 1121 Jet Commander
Operator:
Radeair
Registration:
LV-WEN
Flight Phase:
Takeoff (climb)
Flight Type:
Charter/Taxi (Non Scheduled Revenue Flight)
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Airport (less than 10 km from airport)
Schedule:
Córdoba – Buenos Aires
MSN:
1121-126
YOM:
1968
Location:
Córdoba-Ambrosio Taravella (Pajas Blancas)
Córdoba
Country:
Argentina
Region:
South America
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
7
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
8
Circumstances:
Following a long takeoff roll from Córdoba-Pajas Blancas Airport runway 36, the crew started the rotation and the aircraft adopted a low rate of climb. It collided with trees located past the runway end, stalled and crashed in a wooded area located 2 km from the runway end, bursting into flames. A pilot was seriously injured while eight other occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
It was determined that the crew failed to prepare the flight according to published procedures and failed to follow the pre-takeoff checklist. Following a wrong takeoff configuration, the crew started the rotation too late, retracted the flaps too early after rotation, causing the aircraft to lose lift and to stall. The distance separating the aircraft from the ground was insufficient for the crew to expect recovery. At the time of the accident, the total weight of the aircraft was above the MTOW, which was considered as a contributing factor.

Crash of a Douglas C-47D in Bahía Negra: 1 killed

Date & Time: Sep 26, 1994
Type of aircraft:
Douglas C-47 Skytrain (DC-3)
Operator:
Registration:
2009
Flight Phase:
Takeoff (climb)
Flight Type:
Military
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Airport (less than 10 km from airport)
Schedule:
Bahía Negra – Asunción
MSN:
17079/34346
YOM:
1945
Location:
Bahía Negra
Alto Paraguay
Country:
Paraguay
Region:
South America
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
25
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Circumstances:
Shortly after liftoff, one of the engine failed. The aircraft lost height and crashed near the runway end. All occupants evacuated safely except the captain who was killed by the propellers of the left engine that detached and penetrated the cockpit.
Probable cause:
Engine failure for unknown reasons.

Crash of a Lockheed L-382G-43C Hercules in Hong Kong: 6 killed

Date & Time: Sep 23, 1994 at 1915 LT
Type of aircraft:
Lockheed C-130 Hercules
Operator:
Registration:
PK-PLV
Flight Phase:
Takeoff (climb)
Flight Type:
Cargo
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Lake, Sea, Ocean, River
Schedule:
Hong Kong - Djakarta
MSN:
4826
YOM:
1979
Location:
Hong Kong-Kai Tak
Hong Kong
Country:
China
Region:
Asia
Crew on board:
6
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
6
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
6
Captain / Total flying hours:
11781
Captain / Total hours on type:
3949.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
9064
Copilot / Total hours on type:
2570
Aircraft flight hours:
15223
Circumstances:
Following a normal takeoff roll, the pilot-in-command started the rotation. During initial climb, at a height of about 100 feet and at a speed of 122 knots, the engine n°4 went into Beta range and lost power. The crew elected to regain control but the aircraft rolled to the right, causing the right wing to struck the grassy area along runway 13. Out of control, the aircraft plunged in the Kowloon Bay and came to rest 500 metres offshore. Six occupants were rescued while six others were killed.
Probable cause:
The accident was the consequence of the following factors:
- The n°4 propeller went into Beta range shortly after rotation because the cable of the speed lever failed,
- The crew were unable to maintain control of the aircraft following this occurrence.

Crash of an Embraer EMB-110EJ Bandeirante in Feijó: 2 killed

Date & Time: Sep 23, 1994 at 0635 LT
Type of aircraft:
Embraer EMB-110 Bandeirante
Operator:
Purus Aerotaxi
Registration:
PT-GJY
Flight Phase:
Takeoff (climb)
Flight Type:
Cargo
Survivors:
No
Site:
Plain, Valley
Schedule:
Feijó - Tarauacá - Rio Branco
MSN:
110-087
YOM:
1976
Location:
Feijó
Acre
Country:
Brazil
Region:
South America
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Captain / Total flying hours:
4095
Captain / Total hours on type:
1119.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
647
Copilot / Total hours on type:
187
Aircraft flight hours:
21502
Circumstances:
The aircraft was completing a cargo flight from Feijó to Rio Branco with an intermediate stop in Tarauacá, carrying two pilots and a load of 635 kilos of various goods. As the flight to Tarauacá was 10 minutes only, the crew decided to leave the undercarriage down. Shortly after takeoff from Feijó Airport, the crew encountered technical problems with the right engine. The aircraft lost speed and height so the captain decided to raise the landing gear but this was too late. The aircraft struck a tree, causing 3,2 metres of the right wing to be torn off. Out of control, the aircraft crashed in a wooded area, bursting into flames. Both pilots were killed.
Probable cause:
It was determined that the evening prior to the accident, the aircraft suffered an incident upon landing at Feijó Airport. Upon landing the copilot inadvertently mishandled the engines. Reverse pitch was not applied. Directional control was lost and the left main landing gear ran off the side of the runway. The airplane came to rest 40 metres past the runway end. It was towed to the ramp and the captain conducted an inspection of the airplane. As nothing wrong was noticed, the crew decided to continue the flight after the company base was notified of the occurrence. At the time of the accident, the crew was anxious about the event that occurred the preceding evening and the captain's attention was distracted. Thus, there was a higher level of stress in the cockpit at the time of the accident and the copilot did not want to be the PIC for the second leg due to anxiousness. As the right engine was totally destroyed by a post crash fire, it was not possible to determine the exact cause of its malfunction. Poor weather conditions, poor flight planning and insufficient control inputs on the rudder were considered as contributing factors.
Final Report:

Crash of an Antonov AN-26 in Oradea

Date & Time: Sep 20, 1994
Type of aircraft:
Antonov AN-26
Operator:
Registration:
508
Flight Phase:
Takeoff (climb)
Flight Type:
Military
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Airport (less than 10 km from airport)
Schedule:
Oradea – Bucharest
MSN:
25 08
YOM:
1974
Location:
Oradea
Bihor
Country:
Romania
Region:
Europe
Crew on board:
6
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
5
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
During the takeoff roll at Oradea Airport, the flight engineer under training prematurely retracted the landing gear. The aircraft sank on its belly and skidded on runway before coming to rest. All 11 occupants evacuated safely while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.
Probable cause:
Premature retraction of the undercarriage during takeoff.

Crash of a De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter 100 in the Fish Egg Inlet: 3 killed

Date & Time: Sep 17, 1994 at 1148 LT
Type of aircraft:
De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter
Operator:
Registration:
C-FDMR
Flight Phase:
Takeoff (climb)
Flight Type:
Charter/Taxi (Non Scheduled Revenue Flight)
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Lake, Sea, Ocean, River
Schedule:
Fish Egg Inlet - Pruth Bay
MSN:
36
YOM:
1967
Location:
Fish Egg Inlet
British Columbia
Country:
Canada
Region:
North America
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Captain / Total flying hours:
11725
Captain / Total hours on type:
4000.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
2500
Copilot / Total hours on type:
150
Circumstances:
The captain, first officer, and two passengers departed from the Fish Egg Inlet logging camp, located 56 nautical miles (nm) north of Port Hardy, British Columbia, for a 16 nm visual flight rules (VFR) flight to Pruth Bay. This was the second leg of a flight which had originated at Port Hardy. The first officer, who occupied the left pilot seat and was handling the controls, taxied the aircraft a short distance away from the dock and took off. The captain occupied the right pilot seat. As the aircraft climbed through 100 feet, and just as the flaps were retracting, the aircraft pitched up violently and stalled. The pilots were unable to regain control of the aircraft, and it crashed into the water about 100 feet from the shore and sank immediately. The captain, who sustained serious injuries from the crash, escaped from the wreckage and swam to shore. The first officer and the two passengers remained in the aircraft and drowned. When the aircraft failed to arrive at Pruth Bay, personnel from Pacific Coastal Airlines (the company) notified the Rescue Coordination Centre and started their own search. A search pilot spotted debris in the water near the logging camp at about 1430 Pacific daylight saving time (PDT) that day. He landed to investigate, found the captain on the shore nearby, and transported him to the Port Hardy hospital. The accident occurred during daylight hours at approximately 1148 PDT, at latitude 51°36'N and longitude 127°41'W. There were no witnesses, other than the aircraft captain, to this accident.
Probable cause:
The down elevator control cable failed at station 376 due to corrosion, and, as a result, the pilot lost control of the aircraft. The corrosion was not detected by the maintenance personnel during the aircraft's last cable inspection.
Final Report:

Crash of a Cessna 406 Caravan II in Nairobi

Date & Time: Aug 8, 1994 at 0700 LT
Type of aircraft:
Cessna 406 Caravan
Operator:
Tawakal Airlines
Registration:
5Y-JJG
Flight Phase:
Takeoff (climb)
Flight Type:
Cargo
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Airport (less than 10 km from airport)
Schedule:
Nairobi - Mogadishu
MSN:
406-0003
YOM:
1986
Location:
Nairobi-Wilson
Nairobi City District
Country:
Kenya
Region:
Africa
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
Shortly after takeoff from Nairobi-Wilson Airport runway 14, while climbing, the pilot's window opened. Distracted, the pilot lost control of the airplane that lost height and struck a concrete wall located past the runway end. It lost height, struck the ground, lost its undercarriage and slid for about 400 metres before coming to rest. All three occupants escaped with minor injuries and the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.
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