Landing (descent or approach)

Flight Type:

Training

Survivors:

Site:

Schedule:

Dar es Salaam - Dar es Salaam

MSN:

10566

YOM:

1977

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Captain / Total flying hours:

8700

Circumstances:

The crew was completing a local training flight at Dar es Salaam Airport. The aircraft landed at an excessive speed and in a flapless configuration. Upon touchdown, the undercarriage were torn off and the aircraft came to rest on its belly. Both pilots escaped uninjured but the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.

Probable cause:

Wrong approach configuration on part of the crew. The following contributing factors were reported:
- Poor flight preparation,
- The crew failed to follow the approach checklist,
- The crew failed to proceed to an approach briefing,
- Excessive approach speed,
- The crew failed to realize the flaps were not selected down.

Crash of a Britten-Norman BN-2A-21 Islander in Namatanai

Date & Time: Dec 10, 1993

Type of aircraft:

Britten-Norman Islander

Operator:

Registration:

P2-ALL

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Positioning

Survivors:

Site:

De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter

MSN:

448

YOM:

1975

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Circumstances:

On final approach, at a height of about 250 feet, the pilot selected flaps down when the aircraft went unstable, stalled and crashed short of runway threshold. The pilot was injured.

Crash of a De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter 300 off Dakar: 3 killed

Date & Time: Dec 9, 1993 at 1839 LT

Type of aircraft:

Operator:

Registration:

6V-ADE

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

Lake, Sea, Ocean, River

Schedule:

Saint-Louis - Dakar

MSN:

393

YOM:

1973

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Circumstances:

Following an uneventful flight from Saint Louis, the crew was cleared to descend to Dakar-Yoff Airport and was instructed to maintain 3,000 feet over YF VOR. At the same time, a NAMC YS-11A-117 operated by Gambia Airways departed Dakar-Yoff Airport on a regular schedule flight to Banjul. Registered C5-GAA, the aircraft was carrying 34 passengers and a crew of four. Its pilots were instructed to climb via radial 140 and maintain the altitude of 2,000 feet while over YF VOR. When both aircraft reached the YF VOR, they collided. While the crew of the NAMC was able to return to Dakar and land safely despite the left wing was partially torn off, the Twin Otter entered an uncontrolled descent and crashed in the sea few km offshore. All three occupants were killed.

Probable cause:

It was determined that both crew failed to respect their assigned altitude, causing both aircraft to collide. At the time of the accident, the Twin Otter was about 100-300 feet too low and the NAMC was about 700-900 feet too high.

Crash of a Cessna 208A Caravan I in Tucumã

Date & Time: Dec 6, 1993 at 1355 LT

Type of aircraft:

Cessna 208A Caravan

Operator:

Registration:

PT-OGM

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

Schedule:

Redenção – Tucumã

MSN:

208-0069

YOM:

1985

Flight number:

JJ329

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Captain / Total flying hours:

5000

Captain / Total hours on type:

1000.00

Copilot / Total flying hours:

4000

Copilot / Total hours on type:

500

Circumstances:

On final approach to Tucumã Airport, 3 km short of runway threshold, the engine lost power and its temperature was too high. The captain decided to attempt an emergency landing when the aircraft crash landed in a prairie. All four occupants escaped uninjured while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.

Probable cause:

The following findings were reported:
- There was a deficiency in the instruction received, since the crew did not perform emergency training on that type of aircraft, resulting in inadequate preparation for the engine failure situation, especially at low altitude,
- There are indications that the maintenance services were inadequate and contributed to the occurrence of engine failure, due to the possible occurrence of compressor stall,
- The company performed inadequate technical and operational oversight for not providing emergency situations for the crews of that type of aircraft involved in the accident.

Final Report:

Crash of a Swearingen SA226T Merlin IV in Deer Lake

Date & Time: Dec 6, 1993 at 0919 LT

Type of aircraft:

Swearingen SA226T Merlin

Operator:

Registration:

C-GVCY

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Cargo

Survivors:

Site:

Short SC.7 Skyvan Variant

Schedule:

Saint John's - Deer Lake

MSN:

AT-003

YOM:

1974

Flight number:

AG601

Location:

Deer Lake

Newfoundland & Labrador

Country:

Canada

Region:

North America

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Circumstances:

After landing on runway 25 at Deer Lake Airport, the aircraft deviated to the right and veered off a snow covered runway. It lost its undercarriage and came to rest. Both pilots escaped uninjured while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair. It is believed that the crew encountered technical problems with the reverse system on the right engine.

Crash of a Short SC.7 Skyvan 3 Variant 100 in Vahun

Date & Time: Dec 2, 1993

Type of aircraft:

Operator:

Registration:

LX-UGO

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

MSN:

1945

YOM:

1975

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Circumstances:

On final approach to Vahun Airfield, at a height of 40 feet and at a speed of 77 knots, the twin engine aircraft adopted a high sink rate. The captain increased engine power when the aircraft rolled to the right, collided with trees and crashed few hundred metres short of runway. All 13 occupants were rescued and the aircraft was destroyed.

Crash of a BAe 3101 Jetstream 31 in Hibbing: 18 killed

Date & Time: Dec 1, 1993 at 1950 LT

Type of aircraft:

BAe Jetstream 31

Operator:

Registration:

N334PX

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

Schedule:

Minneapolis - Hibbing

MSN:

706

YOM:

1986

Flight number:

NW5719

Location:

Hibbing-Range (Chisholm)

Minnesota

Country:

United States of America

Region:

North America

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Captain / Total flying hours:

7852

Captain / Total hours on type:

2266.00

Copilot / Total flying hours:

2019

Copilot / Total hours on type:

Aircraft flight hours:

17156

Aircraft flight cycles:

21593

Circumstances:

While on a localizer back course approach the airplane collided with trees and the terrain approximately 3 miles from the runway threshold. The captain delayed the start of the descent that subsequently required an excessive descent rate to reach the FAF and MDH. The captain's actions led to distractions during critical phases of the approach. The flightcrew lost altitude awareness and allowed the airplane to descend below mandatory level off points. The captain's record raised questions about his airmanship and behavior that suggested a lack of crew coordination during flight operations, including intimidation of first officers. Company management did not address these matters adequately. The airline's flight operations management failed to implement provisions to adequately oversee the training of their flight crews and the operation of their aircraft. FAA guidance to their inspectors concerning implementation of ops bulletins is inadequate and has failed to transmit valuable safety information as intended to airlines. The aircraft was totally destroyed and all 18 occupants were killed.

Probable cause:

The captain's actions that led to a breakdown in crew coordination and the loss of altitude awareness by the flight crew during an unstabilized approach in night instrument meteorological conditions. Contributing to the accident were: the failure of the company management to adequately address the previously identified deficiencies in airmanship and crew resource management of the captain; the failure of the company to identify and correct a widespread, unapproved practice during instrument approach procedures; and the Federal Aviation Administration's inadequate surveillance and oversight of the air carrier.

Final Report:

Crash of a Short 330-UTT in Umiujaq

Date & Time: Dec 1, 1993 at 1510 LT

Type of aircraft:

Short 330

Operator:

Government of Quebec

Registration:

C-FPQE

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Government

Survivors:

Site:

Schedule:

Kuujjuarapik - Umiujaq

MSN:

3124

YOM:

1988

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Captain / Total flying hours:

10122

Captain / Total hours on type:

500.00

Copilot / Total flying hours:

10000

Copilot / Total hours on type:

Aircraft flight hours:

1323

Circumstances:

The two pilots were transporting Hydro-Québec employees in the aircraft to allow them to check electrical facilities in several villages along the Hudson Bay coast. The aircraft departed
Kuujjuarapik, Quebec, at about 1444 eastern standard time (EST) on a flight to Umiujaq, Quebec, a distance of 86 nautical miles (nm) to the north. The pilot-in-command was flying the aircraft. After the take-off from Kuujjuarapik, the crew contacted the Kuujjuarapik Flight Service Station (FSS) to file a flight notification and request weather information. The crew received three weather reports for Umiujaq from that FSS. The flight was conducted at an altitude of 5,000 feet on an outbound track of 045 degrees from the Kuujjuarapik non-directional beacon (NDB). Thirty miles from Umiujaq, the crew commenced the descent. Seven miles from the village, the aircraft was at an altitude of 700 feet and the crew could see the ground. The crew used a global positioning system (GPS) waypoint to supplement visual navigation (before reaching a downwind position), and continued their step-down procedure to about 200 feet above ground level (agl) on a heading of 25 degrees magnetic (°M). At that altitude, the visibility was reported by the crew to be over one and one-half miles and the crew could recognize references on the ground and position the aircraft for landing. When turning onto the final approach to runway 21, the pilot-in-command initiated a turn with at least 35 degrees of bank angle, and the aircraft stalled. The pilot-in-command initiated a stall recovery and called for full power. The aircraft did not gain sufficient altitude to overfly the rising terrain, and it crashed. The two crew members and two of the passengers sustained minor injuries. They were given first aid treatment at the accident site by other passengers.

Probable cause:

The stalling speed of the aircraft increased due to ice on the leading edge of the wings and because the pilot made a steep turn; the aircraft stalled at an altitude from which the pilot was unable to recover. A contributing factor was the crew's decision to continue the visual approach into Umiujaq despite the weather conditions reported.

Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas DC-10-30 in Buenos Aires

Date & Time: Nov 26, 1993 at 0622 LT

Type of aircraft:

Douglas DC-10

Operator:

Registration:

YV-135C

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site: