Crash of a Fokker F27 Friendship 600 in Mergui: 8 killed

Date & Time: Jul 24, 1996
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
XY-AET
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Yangon - Mergui
MSN:
10433
YOM:
1970
Flight number:
UB309
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
45
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
8
Circumstances:
While descending to Mergui Airport, the crew encountered poor weather conditions with heavy rain falls. On short final, the aircraft lost height and struck the ground about 250 metres short of runway 18. On impact, the undercarriage were torn off and the aircraft slid for few dozen metres before coming to rest in a 1,2 metre deep excavation located short of runway threshold. Eight passengers were killed while 16 others were seriously injured.
Probable cause:
It was reported that the crew initiated the approach while maintaining a visual contact with the runway. At an altitude of 1,500 feet, visual contact with the runway was lost due to heavy rain falls and the aircraft lost height and struck the ground in a relative flat attitude. The horizontal visibility at the time of the accident was estimated to be 1,500 metres and it is possible that the aircraft encountered windshear.

Crash of an IAI-1124 Westwind in Rosh Pina

Date & Time: Jul 23, 1996
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
4X-AIP
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Eilat - Rosh Pina
MSN:
243
YOM:
1979
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
5
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
After landing on runway 33 at Rosh Pina Airport, the captain thought the thrust reverser systems did not work properly so he instructed the copilot to activate them again. The aircraft failed to decelerate correctly so the captain decided to veer off runway when the aircraft struck a concrete block, lost its undercarriage and came to rest. All eight occupants escaped uninjured and the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.
Probable cause:
Runway 33 at Rosh Pina Airport is 1,100 metres long with a displaced threshold, giving a landing distance available of 975 metres. It was determined that the crew never land in the past at this airport and due to a poor flight preparation and planning, failed to identify that the runway length was insufficient for such type of aircraft in such flight configuration. No malfunction was found on the thrust reversers.

Crash of a Douglas DC-6A in Russian Mission: 4 killed

Date & Time: Jul 20, 1996 at 1506 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N313RS
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Emmonak – Aniak
MSN:
44663
YOM:
1955
Flight number:
HU033
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
1
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
4
Captain / Total flying hours:
14200
Captain / Total hours on type:
7200.00
Aircraft flight hours:
38248
Circumstances:
The cargo flight was en route, when a fire erupted in or near the #3 engine. During subsequent emergency procedures, the flight crew pulled the fire handle first. Later, they feathered the #3 engine. The fire did not extinguish. During an attempt to land at a rural, intermediate airstrip, while the airplane was in the traffic pattern, witnesses saw fire coming from the area of the #3 engine. They stated the right wing buckled upward, and the airplane crashed. Examination of the wreckage revealed a failure of the master rod in the front bank of cylinders of the #3 engine. Metallurgical tests revealed a crack in the top of the master rod head, which had resulted from corrosion pits. The side of the master rod head was measured and found to be out of round. The master rod shank also fractured due to fatigue. The operator's training procedures and the Douglas Aircraft emergency checklist procedures, required that the engine's propeller be feathered first, and then the fire extinguishing system to be activated. According to information derived from the airplane's cockpit voice recorder, the flight crew reversed that order. The effectiveness of the fire suppression system is diminished if the propeller is not feathered first.
Probable cause:
Fatigue failure of the master connecting rod, which originated from corrosion pitting, subsequently compromised the engine crankcase, and resulted in a fire; and failure of the flight crew to follow emergency procedures by pulling the fire handle before feathering the propeller, which diminished the effectiveness of the fire suppression system.
Final Report:

Crash of a De Havilland DHC-2 Beaver near Elfin Cove: 1 killed

Date & Time: Jul 19, 1996 at 1530 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N54LA
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Hoonah – Elfin Cove – Juneau
MSN:
724
YOM:
1954
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Captain / Total flying hours:
2999
Captain / Total hours on type:
616.00
Aircraft flight hours:
11047
Circumstances:
The pilot of the air taxi cargo flight departed his base of operations in Juneau, Alaska for a series of flights in southeast Alaska that would ultimately return him to Juneau. On the accident leg of the intended round robin, the pilot was en route from Hoonah to Elfin Cove. The flight would originate and end at sea level, and traverse a mountain pass, with minimum obstruction clearance in the pass estimated at 500 feet msl. The airplane collided with steeply rising terrain at the 1,250-foot level about one mile south of the proposed flight path. The airplane was partially consumed by a post impact fire. The operator initiated a helicopter search within two hours of the time of the accident. The helicopter pilot and his passenger both reported that the area where the accident airplane was eventually located was obscured in low clouds, and that many of the other valleys and mountain sides were covered in clouds. Low clouds persisted in the area of the crash site for the following two days.
Probable cause:
The pilot's decision to continue VFR flight into instrument meteorological conditions, and his failure to maintain adequate clearance from rising terrain. Factors associated with the accident were the rising terrain and clouds.
Final Report:

Crash of a De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter 300 in Playa del Carmen: 1 killed

Date & Time: Jul 17, 1996 at 1630 LT
Operator:
Registration:
XA-TCF
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Cancún – Playa del Carmen
MSN:
734
YOM:
1980
Country:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
16
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Circumstances:
After landing at Playa del Carmen Airport, the twin engine aircraft went out of control, veered off runway and crashed in a wooded area located along the airport. A passenger was killed and all 17 other occupants were injured. The aircraft was destroyed. It was completing a flight from Cancún, carrying 16 German tourists.

Crash of a Lockheed C-130H Hercules in Eindhoven: 34 killed

Date & Time: Jul 15, 1996 at 1802 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CH-06
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Rimini - Eindhoven
MSN:
4473
YOM:
1972
Flight number:
610
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
37
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
34
Captain / Total flying hours:
2102
Captain / Total hours on type:
1436.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
582
Copilot / Total hours on type:
138
Aircraft flight hours:
10914
Circumstances:
The aircraft was chartered by the Dutch Air Force (Koninklijke Luchtmacht) to fly the Dutch Air Force's brass band from Italy back to the Netherlands. The transport plane arrived at Verona-Villafranca at 13:33. Forty passengers boarded the plane and at 15:04 the Hercules took off from Villafranca for a short flight to Rimini, where it landed at 15:31. Three passengers deplaned at Rimini and the Hercules was back in the air at 15:55 heading for Eindhoven. The Hercules descended into Eindhoven and contacted Eindhoven Tower at 18:00. Eindhoven Tower cleared the flight for the approach: "Okay, you may continue descent for 1000, as number one in traffic, for a direct final course runway 04, QNH 1027." After reported the runway in sight, the Hercules was cleared to land: "610 is cleared to land runway 04, the wind from 360° 10 knots." Possibly as a result of the presence of a large number of birds near the runway, the copilot initiated a go around. Birds were ingested by both left hand engines (n°1 and 2), causing both engines to lose power. For reasons unknown the crew shut down engine n°3 and feathered the propeller. The plane then turned left and crashed off the left side of the runway. Within seconds a fire erupted which was fed by the oxygen from the airplane's oxygen system. Some emergency exits in the main cabin were unreachable because of the fire while other exits could not be opened because of twisting of the fuselage. The fact that there were a large number of passengers on board the plane was not immediately clear tot the fire fighters. It took some 23 minutes before passengers were noted in the main cabin.
Probable cause:
The accident was initiated, most probably as a reaction to observing birds, by the go-around which was made at a low altitude during which a flock of birds could no longer be evaded.
The accident became inevitable when:
- Bird ingestion in the two left engines occurred due to which the power of these two engines was lost,
- As a result of power loss, the aircraft became uncontrollable at a very low altitude and crashed.
The relative low experience of the crew was a contributing factor.

Crash of a Let L-410UVP-E9D in Kulu: 9 killed

Date & Time: Jul 11, 1996 at 0855 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
VT-ETC
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
New Delhi – Shimla – Kulu
MSN:
94 27 03
YOM:
1994
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
6
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
9
Captain / Total flying hours:
8912
Captain / Total hours on type:
1705.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
1789
Copilot / Total hours on type:
828
Aircraft flight hours:
3297
Aircraft flight cycles:
2556
Circumstances:
Following an uneventful flight from Shimla, the crew started the descent to Kulu-Bhuntar Airport in poor visibility due to thick fog. On approach, the aircraft struck trees and crashed in a wooded area located on Mt Bandi. The aircraft was destroyed and all nine occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
The was due to a complete lack of safety awareness, proper supervision and operational control in the organisation. The non compliance of safety requirements on part of the operator was a contributing factor.
Final Report:

Crash of a De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter 300 in Mendi: 20 killed

Date & Time: Jul 9, 1996 at 1630 LT
Operator:
Registration:
P2-MBB
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Bosavi – Mendi
MSN:
290
YOM:
1970
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
18
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
20
Circumstances:
While approaching Mendi Airport, the crew encountered poor weather conditions with limited visibility due to rain falls. At an altitude of 9,200 feet, the twin engine aircraft struck the slope of a mountain located 8 km from the runway threshold. The aircraft disintegrated on impact and all 20 occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
Controlled flight into terrain while descending in poor visibility.

Crash of a Dornier DO.28D-2 Skyservant in San Vicente de Chucurí

Date & Time: Jul 2, 1996 at 1230 LT
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
HK-4044
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Bucaramanga – San Vicente de Chucurí
MSN:
4154
YOM:
1972
Country:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
7
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Copilot / Total flying hours:
1123
Aircraft flight hours:
3922
Circumstances:
On final approach to San Vicente de Chucurí Airport, the twin engine aircraft struck an earth mound located few metres short of runway threshold. The aircraft went out of control and crashed in trees. All nine occupants escaped uninjured and the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.
Probable cause:
Investigations were unable to determine the exact cause of the accident.
Final Report:

Crash of a Boeing 707-369C in Bamako

Date & Time: Jun 30, 1996
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
5X-JON
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Marseille – Niamey – Bamako
MSN:
20546
YOM:
1972
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
While descending to Bamako-Senou Airport, the crew was informed about the poor weather conditions at destination with thunderstorm activity and strong crosswinds. As the visibility was estimated to be above 10 km, the crew decided to continue the approach. After landing on runway 06, the aircraft was caught by strong crosswinds and started to roll left and right, causing the right wing to struck the runway surface. Out of control, the aircraft veered off runway to the right and collided with a bunker. The right wing was torn off and the aircraft came to rest. All four crew members escaped uninjured.
Probable cause:
Loss of control after landing due to strong crosswinds in thunderstorm activity.