Crash of a Yakovlev Yak-40 in Tbilisi

Date & Time: Oct 2, 1978
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-87544
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Ulyanovsk - Volgograd - Tbilisi
MSN:
9 53 09 42
YOM:
1975
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
26
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
On the leg from Volgograd to Tbilisi, while flying by night, both primary and emergency hydraulic systems failed. Only the nose gear could be lowered while stabilizers and flaps remained in neutral position. The aircraft landed on its belly at a speed of 250 km/h and the nose gear touched down 1,264 meters past the runway threshold. Unable to stop within the remaining distance, the airplane overran at a speed of 165 km/h, struck the localizer antenna, a concrete wall and came to rest in a ravine, broken in three. All 30 occupants were injured, three of them seriously.
Probable cause:
Failure of both primary and emergency hydraulic systems in flight after some water that mistakenly leaked in a tank due to a seal problems froze.

Crash of a PZL-Mielec AN-2R near Ulan-Bator

Date & Time: Sep 29, 1978
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-07278
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
1G148-39
YOM:
1973
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
0
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
Crashed in unknown circumstances near Ulan Bator. There were no casualties.
Probable cause:
For unknown reasons, the crew failed to follow the minimum prescribed altitude.

Crash of a Beechcraft D18S in San Juan: 6 killed

Date & Time: Sep 26, 1978 at 1845 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N500L
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Aguadilla – San Juan
MSN:
A-415
YOM:
1948
Country:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
5
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
6
Captain / Total flying hours:
4365
Captain / Total hours on type:
46.00
Circumstances:
On final approach to San Juan-Isla Verde Airport, the pilot lost control of the airplane that crashed onto several houses located in the district of Barrio Obrero, about 4 km short of runway 10 threshold. The aircraft was destroyed and all six occupants were killed. Few people on the ground were injured.
Probable cause:
Uncontrolled descent on final approach due to wake turbulences. The following contributing factors were reported:
- Failed to follow approved procedures,
- Vortex turbulences,
- Communications and navigation equipment: transmitters and/or receivers malfunction,
- Unable to communicate on terminal radar service area frequency.
Final Report:

Crash of a Boeing 727-200 in San Diego: 142 killed

Date & Time: Sep 25, 1978 at 0902 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N533PS
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Sacramento - Los Angeles - San Diego
MSN:
19688/589
YOM:
1968
Flight number:
PS182
Crew on board:
7
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
128
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
142
Captain / Total flying hours:
14382
Captain / Total hours on type:
10482.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
10049
Copilot / Total hours on type:
5800
Aircraft flight hours:
24088
Aircraft flight cycles:
36557
Circumstances:
The crew was completing flight PS182 from Sacramento to San Diego with an intermediate stop in Los Angeles. While descending to San Diego-Lindbergh Field runway 27, the crew was informed about the presence of a Cessna 172M registered N7711G and operated by the Gibbs Flight Center. The single engine airplane just departed San Diego Airport for a local training mission with one student pilot and one instructor on board. At 0901:47, at an altitude of 2,600 feet and 3 NM northeast of San Diego Airport, both airplane collided. Out of control, they dove into the ground and crashed into several houses and the 805 highway located between the districts of Altadena and City Heights. Both aircraft disintegrated on impact and all 137 occupants in both aircraft were killed as well as seven people on the ground. Nine other people on the ground were seriously injured as dozen houses were destroyed.
Probable cause:
The failure of the flight crew of Flight 182 to comply with the provisions of a maintain-visual-separation clearance, including the requirement to inform the controller when visual contact was lost; and the air traffic control procedures in effect which authorized the controllers to use visual separation procedures in a terminal area environment when the capability was available to provide either lateral or vertical separation to either aircraft. Contributing to the accident were:
- The failure of the controller to advise Flight 182 of the direction of movement of the Cessna;
- The failure of the pilot of the Cessna to maintain his assigned heading;
- The improper resolution by the controller of the conflict alert.
Final Report:

Crash of a Beechcraft E18S in El Embrujo

Date & Time: Sep 13, 1978
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
HK-1850
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
BA-63
YOM:
1955
Country:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
8
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The twin engine airplane crashed upon landing in unclear circumstances. All 10 occupants escaped uninjured while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair. Poor runway conditions reported.

Crash of a De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter near Mexico City: 19 killed

Date & Time: Sep 9, 1978
Registration:
XA-BOP
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Schedule:
Mexico City - Morelia
MSN:
18
YOM:
1966
Country:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
19
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
19
Circumstances:
While cruising in marginal weather conditions, the twin engine airplane struck the slope of a mountain shrouded by clouds and located about 65 km west of Mexico City. A pilot and a passenger survived while 19 other occupants were killed.

Crash of a Convair CV-440-86 Metropolitan in El Desengaño

Date & Time: Sep 6, 1978
Operator:
Registration:
CP-924
Flight Phase:
MSN:
425
YOM:
1957
Country:
Crew on board:
0
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
Crashed shortly after takeoff from El Desengaño Airport following an engine failure. Occupant's fate unknown.
Probable cause:
Engine failure for unknown reasons.

Crash of a De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter 200 off Vancouver: 11 killed

Date & Time: Sep 3, 1978 at 1742 LT
Operator:
Registration:
C-FAIV
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Victoria - Vancouver
MSN:
215
YOM:
1969
Country:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
11
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
11
Captain / Total flying hours:
6000
Captain / Total hours on type:
3600.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
450
Circumstances:
Twin Otter C-FAIV, operating as a scheduled VFR flight, departed Victoria Harbour at 1718LT with Vancouver Harbour water-aerodrome as destination. The estimated time en route was 20 minutes. The flight proceeded normally and reported by Active Pass at 2,000 feet. This altitude was maintained in order to cross the Vancouver Control Zone in accordance with standard procedure; once out of the control zone, a slow descent was begun towards Vancouver Harbour. Normal radio procedures were followed as the flight reported by standard visual reporting points. Just before joining final approach, the transmission, "AIV, Third Beach", was made and landing clearance was given to the flight by the Harbour Tower. The approach continued, and when the aircraft reached approximately 175 feet above the surface, nine ground witnesses heard a loud noise from the aircraft. Two surviving witnesses also heard a noise. Power was subsequently applied and C-FAIV yawed left, rolled in the same direction and plunged into the harbour in a left-wing and nose-down attitude, 2 500 feet from the intended landing area. An ELT (Emergency Locator Transmitter) tone was heard by the tower controller 54 seconds after the radio call at Third Beach. The controller called the aircraft several times but there was no response. The flight had been of 24 minutes duration. Both pilots and nine passengers were killed while two others were injured. The aircraft was destroyed.
Probable cause:
The following findings were determined:
- The final approach to land was normal until an unusual noise occurred followed by loss of control,
- The aircraft dived into the water with left wing down, nose down and with some sideslip. Value of roll, pitch and yaw, at impact could not be estimated with useful accuracy,
- At impact, the complete left flap system was in the retracted position,
- The inboard span-wise push-pull flap control rod (inboard bell-crank to inboard rod, PT # C6CW-1029-1), was severely stress-corroded and had at least three longitudinal cracks; the rod had separated from its inboard fitting,
- It was deduced t h a t t h e in-flight failure of the left-hand inboard flap control rod led to sudden retraction of the complete left-hand flap system and sudden loss of control.
- The passengers had not been briefed in evacuation procedures,
- The crew was qualified for the type of operation in accordance with Transport Canada regulations. After the failure of the left flap control rod, no action by the pilot could have averted the accident.
Final Report:

Crash of a Vickers 782D Viscount near Kariba: 48 killed

Date & Time: Sep 3, 1978 at 1715 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
VP-WAS
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Victoria Falls – Kariba – Salisbury
MSN:
297
YOM:
1958
Flight number:
RH825
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
52
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
48
Circumstances:
The four engine aircraft departed Kariba Airport at 1710LT bound for Salisbury. While climbing, the crew declared an emergency after a SAM-7 missile struck the right wing. With both right engines out of service, the pilots reduced the altitude and attempted an emergency landing when the aircraft crashed in the Whamira Hills, about 35 km southeast of Kariba. The aircraft disintegrated on impact and 38 occupants were killed while 18 other survived. Members of the Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) arrived quickly on the scene and killed 10 of the 18 survivors. A day later, rescuers arrived at the crash site and were able to evacuate eight survivors.
Probable cause:
Shot down by a Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) SAM-7 missile.

Crash of an Ilyushin II-18D in Conakry: 15 killed

Date & Time: Sep 3, 1978
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
3X-GAX
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Moscow – Bamako – Conakry
MSN:
187 0098 03
YOM:
1967
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
8
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
9
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
15
Aircraft flight hours:
8388
Aircraft flight cycles:
4294
Circumstances:
On final approach to Conakry-Gbessia Airport, the four engine airplane crashed in unknown circumstances in a marshfield located few km short of runway threshold. A crew member and a passenger survived while 15 other occupants were killed.