Crash of a Learjet 24D in Saint Louis

Date & Time: Nov 12, 2003 at 0645 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N77JL
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Saint Louis – North Platte
MSN:
24-286
YOM:
1974
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
9054
Captain / Total hours on type:
760.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
3400
Copilot / Total hours on type:
150
Aircraft flight hours:
6653
Aircraft flight cycles:
6504
Circumstances:
The turbojet airplane was destroyed during a forced landing and post accident fire after a loss of power in both engines during takeoff climb. The pilot reported that both engines operated
normally during taxi and pre-takeoff checks. He reported that, "We rotated positive rate gear up, V2 plus 30 flaps up, and at that point we struck birds taking No. 2 engine out. Upon losing No. 2 engine I advanced thrust levers forward and realized that the No. 1 engine was only producing approximately 70% RPM with EGT over read line." He executed a forced landing to a field and the crew and passengers evacuated the burning airplane. The copilot reported, "At approximately 500 to 1,000 ft. above ground level, I observed a large flock of birds straight ahead of us, and then passing just off our nose to the left side. I immediately heard an engine flameout. As I started to go to the checklist for single engine operations, I quickly realized that we were loosing airspeed and unable to maintain altitude. The PIC said we were going down and heading for the best emergency-landing stop." The Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR) recorded the pilot stating, "We hit a bird," and the copilot stating, "Yep," immediately following the CVR recording a "sound similar to decrease in engine RPM." The inspection of the airplane's fuel system, pneumatic system, engines, fuel controls and fuel pumps revealed no pre-impact anomaly. No physical evidence of bird ingestion was found in either engine. A CVR sound spectrum plot and a flight profile analysis revealed that one engine flamed out almost immediately after the sound of a "thump" on the CVR. The other engine's speed decreased and experienced stalls until the engine speed was reduced to flight idle. The original engine certification tests indicated that compressor stalls occurred when a 2-4 ounce starling was shot ingested into the engine, but physical damage from bird ingestion was very slight due to the all steel construction and geometry of the engine. Engine flameouts, however, were not recorded during the certification tests. A wildlife specialist conducted a bird count at the accident airport two days after the accident occurred, and he reported counting a flock of about 800 European Starlings.
Probable cause:
The total loss of power to the right engine and the partial loss of power to the left engine after the airplane encountered a flock of birds during initial climb out, resulting in impeded ram induction airflow.
Final Report:

Crash of a Short SC.7 Skyvan 3M Variant 100 in Georgetown: 2 killed

Date & Time: Nov 8, 2003 at 1100 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
8R-GMC
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Georgetown – Ekereku
MSN:
1959
YOM:
1978
Country:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
4
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Circumstances:
One minute after takeoff from Georgetown-Ogle Airport runway 24, the pilot declared an emergency after an engine failed. He elected to return for an emergency landing but eventually attempted to land in a sugarcane field when the aircraft crashed near the airport. Five people were seriously injured while two others were killed.
Probable cause:
Failure of the right engine during initial climb for unknown reasons.

Crash of an Antonov AN-2 in Tambovka

Date & Time: Nov 5, 2003
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
FLARF-00887
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
0
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
Following technical problems, the crew was forced to attempt an emergency landing. The aircraft crash landed and came to rest, bursting into flames. There were no casualties.

Crash of a Piper PA-31-310 Navajo in Gaspé: 3 killed

Date & Time: Sep 27, 2003 at 1857 LT
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
C-FARL
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Le Havre-aux-Maisons - Gaspé
MSN:
31-306
YOM:
1968
Location:
Country:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Captain / Total flying hours:
5262
Captain / Total hours on type:
3000.00
Circumstances:
The PA-31-310, registration C-FARL, serial number 31306, operated by Les Ailes de Gaspé Inc., with one pilot and two passengers on board, was on a visual flight rules flight from Îles-de-la-Madeleine, Quebec to Gaspé, Quebec. While en route to Gaspé, the pilot was informed about weather conditions at his destination, which were a ceiling at 500 feet and visibility of ¾ mile in fog. The pilot requested clearance for an instrument approach, which he received at approximately 1857 eastern daylight time. A few seconds later the pilot switched on the aerodrome lights with his microphone button. That was the last radio transmission received from the aircraft. When the aircraft did not arrive at its destination, emergency procedures were initiated to find it. The wreckage was found the next day at 1028 eastern daylight time on a hilltop 1.2 nautical miles (nm) north-east of the airport. The aircraft was destroyed, but did not catch fire. The three occupants were fatally injured.
Probable cause:
Findings as to Causes and Contributing Factors:
1. The pilot descended to the minimum descent altitude (MDA) without being established on the localizer track, thereby placing himself in a precarious situation with respect to the approach and to obstruction clearance.
2. On an instrument approach, the pilot continued his descent below the MDA without having the visual references required to continue the landing, and he was a victim of CFIT (controlled flight into terrain).
Findings as to Risk:
1. The aircraft was not, nor was it required to be, equipped with a ground proximity warning system (GPWS) or a radio altimeter, either of which would have allowed the pilot to realize how close the aircraft was to the ground.
2. The presence of a co-pilot would have allowed the pilots to share tasks, which undoubtedly would have facilitated identification of deviations from the approach profile.
3. The existing regulations do not provide adequate protection against the risk of ground impact when instrument approaches are conducted in reduced visibility conditions.
Other Findings:
1. The emergency locator transmitter (ELT) could not emit a distress signal because the battery disconnected on impact. Location of the aircraft was delayed until the day after the accident, which could have had serious consequences if there had been any survivors.
Final Report:

Crash of a Let L-410UVP in Lankien

Date & Time: Sep 14, 2003
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
9XR-AL
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Lankien – Lokichogio
MSN:
81 06 23
YOM:
1981
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
3
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
During the takeoff roll at Lankien Airstrip, the crew saw a cow entering the active 19 runway. The captain abandoned the takeoff procedure and the aircraft was unable to stop within the remaining distance. It overran and came to rest few dozen metres further. All five occupants escaped uninjured while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.

Crash of a Beechcraft 200 Super King Air off Funchal: 10 killed

Date & Time: Sep 11, 2003 at 2156 LT
Registration:
N600BV
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Funchal – Málaga
MSN:
BB-254
YOM:
1977
Location:
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
9
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
10
Captain / Total flying hours:
332
Captain / Total hours on type:
10.00
Circumstances:
The twin engine aircraft departed Funchal-Santa Cruz Madeira Airport runway 05 at 2154LT on a charter flight to Málaga, carrying one pilot and nine Spanish passengers, three men, three women and three children aged 2, 4 and 7. During initial climb by night, at an altitude of 2,200 feet, the aircraft entered a cloud then entered a left turn and an uncontrolled descent. Forty seconds later, it crashed in the sea less than one km offshore, northeast of Caniçal. The aircraft disintegrated on impact and all 10 occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
The exact cause of the accident could not be determined with certainty. However, it is believed that the pilot lost control of the aircraft following a spatial disorientation.
Final Report:

Crash of a Cessna 208B Grand Caravan in Old Fangak

Date & Time: Aug 19, 2003
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
5Y-TWI
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
208B-0606
YOM:
1997
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
5
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
While taking off from Old Fangak Airstrip, the single engine aircraft hit trees located past the runway end, nosed down and crashed in a marsh. All six occupants escaped uninjured while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.

Crash of a Let L-410UVP in Rumbek

Date & Time: Aug 13, 2003
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
9XR-JT
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Lokichogio - Rumbek
MSN:
81 07 07
YOM:
1981
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
3
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The twin engine aircraft departed Lokichogio on a charter flight to Rumbek on behalf of a humanitarian agency. On final approach, the captain saw an animal crossing the runway and decided to delay the landing. The aircraft landed too far down the runway and was unable to stop within the remaining distance. It overran and came to rest few dozen meters further. All five occupants escaped uninjured while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.

Crash of an Antonov AN-2TP in Essen

Date & Time: Aug 2, 2003 at 1230 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
D-FONE
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Essen - Essen
MSN:
181 473 18
YOM:
1957
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
9
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
5836
Captain / Total hours on type:
3900.00
Aircraft flight hours:
9440
Circumstances:
The single engine aircraft departed Essen-Mühlheim Airport at 1158LT on a touristic flight over the region of Duisburg, Düsseldof and back to Essen, carrying nine passengers and two crew members, on behalf of the operator Sachsische Luftfahrt Service. En route, while cruising at an altitude of 1,500 feet, the engine lost power. The pilot reduced his altitude and attempted an emergency landing near a sport center. After touchdown in a field, the aircraft rolled for about 200 metres before colliding with trees. All 11 occupants escaped uninjured while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.
Probable cause:
It was determined that a red light came on in the cockpit panel few seconds before the engine lost power, indicating to the pilot a possible technical problem with the fuel supply system. Unfortunately, the pilot did not see the red light. At the time of the accident, 230 litres of fuel remained in the fuel tanks, respectively 130 litres in the right main tank and 100 litres in the left main tank. Nevertheless, there was only one liter in the fuel line.
Final Report:

Crash of a Swearingen SA226TC Metro II on Point Lenana: 14 killed

Date & Time: Jul 19, 2003 at 1800 LT
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
ZS-OYI
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Nairobi – Samburu
MSN:
TC-349
YOM:
1980
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
12
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
14
Circumstances:
The twin engine aircraft departed Nairobi-Wilson Airport at 1558LT on a charter flight to Samburu, carrying 12 passengers (all US citizens) and two pilots. En route, the crew decided to make a tour over the Mt Kenya before continuing to Samburu. While cruising at an altitude of 16,500 feet in clouds, the aircraft struck the eastern slope of Mt Point Lenana (third highest peak of Mt Kenya). The wreckage was found 450 feet below the summit and all 14 occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
Controlled flight into terrain after the crew failed to maintain horizontal and vertical situational awareness of the aircraft’s proximity to the surrounding terrain.
The following contributing factors were identified:
- Unfamiliarity with the airspace and the route in particular and the existence of high ground on the planned flight route,
- Inadequate flight planning by the pilots and distraction of their attention when they were instructed to contact Nanyuki,
- Poor pilot briefing by the Wilson ATC briefing office,
- Poor communication between the air traffic control units,
- Failure of the radar controller to advise the pilot of termination of radar service,
- Lack of a radar system minimum safe altitude warning to the radar controller,
- Poor civil military coordination during transit through the military airspace.