Crash of a Putilov Stal-3 in Nizhne Kazache: 1 killed

Date & Time: Jul 10, 1937 at 1047 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-L1232
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Moscow – Yelets – Voronezh – Astrakhan
MSN:
232
YOM:
1936
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
3
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Aircraft flight hours:
489
Circumstances:
The airplane departed Moscow on a flight to Astrakhan with intermediate stops in Yelets and Voronezh, carrying three passengers, two crew members and a load of 319 kg of mail. About 15 minutes after takeoff from Yelets Airport, while cruising at an altitude of 660 metres, the engine started to fail. The captain reduced his altitude and attempted an emergency landing in a rye field when the airplane impacted an embankment, lost its undercarriage and crashed. All five occupants were injured, the mechanic seriously. He died the next day from his injuries.
Probable cause:
The engine failure resulted from the destruction of the connecting rods on cylinders n°2 and 6 due to the fact that the fuel used had a too low octane rate and that the oil was not compliant.

Crash of a Polikarpov P-5 in Rostov-on-Don: 2 killed

Date & Time: Jul 9, 1937
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-Sh630
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Rostov-on-Don - Rostov-on-Don
MSN:
5410
YOM:
1932
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Circumstances:
The crew departed Rostov-on-Don-Olginskaya Aerodrome on a local training flight. While cruising at an altitude of 800 metres, the pilot initiated aerobatics when he lost control of the airplane that entered a dive and crashed in a field. Both pilots were killed.
Probable cause:
It was determined that the accident was the consequence of the following factors:
- The pilot was completing aerobatics manoeuvres at an unsafe altitude,
- The airplane entered a dive at an excessive speed,
- The pilot was not sufficiently trained to initiated such manoeuvres,
- Poor piloting techniques,
- Lack of discipline.

Crash of a Polikarpov P-5 in Alkakhatki: 2 killed

Date & Time: May 27, 1937
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-Sh938
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Tambov - Tambov
MSN:
8031
YOM:
1934
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Aircraft flight hours:
352
Aircraft flight cycles:
511
Circumstances:
The single engine airplane departed Tambov on a training mission, carrying two pilots, one cadet and one instructor. While cruising at an altitude of 1,000 metres in good weather conditions, the airplane started to disintegrate in the air, losing several pieces. It entered an uncontrolled descent and crashed in a field located in Alkakhatki, some 60 km southeast of Tambov. The aircraft was destroyed and both pilots were killed.
Probable cause:
It was determined that the student pilot probably made a mistake with the power lever while flying at a speed of 180 km/h. This caused the aircraft to reach the excessive speed of 260 km/h and to enter an overspeed. Several pieces from the wings, engine, ailerons and lower plant started to detach. The airplane then entered an uncontrolled descent and crashed. It was determined that the airplane was not certified to fly over the speed of 210 km/h.

Crash of a Tupolev ANT-9 near Verkhnii-Naur: 1 killed

Date & Time: Feb 10, 1937
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-L167
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Tbilisi – Baku – Grozny – Moscow
MSN:
168
YOM:
1933
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Aircraft flight hours:
1404
Aircraft flight cycles:
1103
Circumstances:
The aircraft was on its way from Tbilisi to Moscow for maintenance purposes. The crew made a technical stop in Baku then continued to Grozny. On approach to Grozny, the crew encountered poor visibility due to foggy conditions. After 15-20 in such conditions, ice started to accumulate on the aircraft and several instruments such as the horizon, the gyrocompas and the speed indicator failed. The crew attempted an emergency landing when the aircraft crashed in an open field located about 30 km northwest of Grozny. The aircraft was destroyed and both occupants were seriously injured. The mechanic died from his injuries two days later.
Probable cause:
Controlled flight into terrain while cruising in fogy conditions. It was determined that the crew departed Baku Airport without any weather bulletin for Grozny.

Crash of a Polikarpov SP near Vladivostok: 1 killed

Date & Time: Feb 9, 1937 at 1600 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-L2095
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Iman – Vladivostok
MSN:
8148
YOM:
1936
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Aircraft flight hours:
339
Circumstances:
The pilot was completing a mail flight from Iman to Vladivostok. Approaching the destination from the north, he encountered poor weather conditions with heavy snow falls. Flying low in limited visibility, the airplane impacted two tall trees and crashed in a wooded area located 25-30 km north of Vladivostok Airport. The wreckage was found two days later and the pilot was killed.
Probable cause:
The following factors were identified:
- Sudden deterioration of the weather conditions with low visibility due to heavy snow falls;
- The decision of the pilot to continue at low height in such conditions;
- The pilot did not receive any weather bulletin prior to the accident;
- Lack of discipline and overconfidence on part of the pilot.

Crash of a Polikarpov P-5 in Sukhotinka: 2 killed

Date & Time: Dec 10, 1936 at 1235 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-Sh869
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Tambov - Balashov
MSN:
7986
YOM:
1934
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Aircraft flight hours:
585
Aircraft flight cycles:
2120
Circumstances:
The single enginer airplane departed Tambov on a training flight to Balashov with one instructor and one student pilot on board. About 15-20 minutes into the flight, while flying over the village of Sukhotinka, the airplane was following a road at low height when it entered clouds. Shortly later, it rolled to the left, descended to the ground and crashed. Both crew members were killed.
Probable cause:
The accident was the consequence of the combination of the following factors:
- The student pilot was not authorized to fly in clouds,
- The student pilot training was insufficient,
- The instructor was overconfident.

Crash of a Tupolev ANT-9 in Nemirovo: 9 killed

Date & Time: Nov 6, 1936 at 1838 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-D311
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Berlin – Königsberg – Velikiye Luki – Moscow
MSN:
160
YOM:
1933
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
7
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
9
Circumstances:
The airplane named 'Yastreb' departed Berlin on a regular schedule flight to Moscow with intermediate stop in Königsberg (now Kaliningrad) and Velikiye Luki, Tver oblast. After two Japanese citizens get on board, the aircraft departed Velikiye Luki Airport at 1626LT on the final leg to Moscow-Bykovo Airport. The crew continued the flight at an altitude of 200 metres with regular radio communications with ATC. After passing Rzhev, the crew continued at night and the visibility was limited. At an altitude of 140 metres, the airplane collided with trees and crashed in a wooded area located in Nemirovo, some 27 km southwest of Volokolamsk. The aircraft was totally destroyed and all nine occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
The accident was the consequence of a controlled flight into terrain after the decision of the crew to continue the flight at at unsafe altitude of 140 metres, causing the aircraft to collide with trees near Nemirovo, the highest point of the area. The total weight of the aircraft was high because the crew made full fuel at Velikiye Luki Airport, which was considered as aggravating circumstances as well as the absence of radio navigation en route.

Crash of a Polikarpov P-5 in Mineralnye Vody: 1 killed

Date & Time: Oct 30, 1936 at 1520 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-L1706
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Mineralnye Vody – Rostov-on-Don
MSN:
9460
YOM:
1935
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Aircraft flight hours:
839
Circumstances:
The pilot departed Mineralnye Vody Airport on a cargo flight to Rostov-on-Don. Shortly after takeoff, while climbing to a height of 25 metres, he initiated a turn to the right when the airplane stalled and crashed, bursting into flames. The pilot was killed.
Probable cause:
Investigations were unable to determine the exact cause of the accident. Nevertheless, it is believed that the pilot precipitated the takeoff procedure to allow another plane to depart immediately behind him. It was established that the airplane rolled for a distance of 620 metres only prior to rotation and that its speed during the first turn was insufficient, causing it to stall.

Crash of a Tupolev ANT-7 off Malmyzh: 6 killed

Date & Time: Aug 4, 1936
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-L2122
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinsky – Nizhnetambovskoye – Khabarovsk
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
7
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
6
Circumstances:
The float plane departed Nizhnetambovskoye at 1555LT on the final leg to Khabarovsk on a flight from Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinsky. The crew did not obtain any weather bulletin for en route and destination prior to takeoff. Also, several instruments such as the variometer, the path finder and the artificial horizon were unserviceable. After passing over Komsomolsk, weather conditions deteriorated with low clouds and the captain decided to reduce his altitude and to continue at a height of 150 metres. Later, stormy weather forced the pilot to lower again his altitude and eventually, he attempted to land on the Amur River. On final, he saw an island and initiated a sharp turn to the left when the left float impacted the water surface. The aircraft cartwheeled and crashed in the river off Malmyzh. A passenger and all three crew members were rescued while six other occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
The accident was the consequence of the combination of the following factors:
- The crew took the decision to take off without weather report being able to inform them about the conditions en route and at destination;
- The crew took the decision to start the flight whereas instruments were out of order;
- The crew decided to continue the flight after encountering poor weather conditions rather than returning to Nizhnetambovskoye;
- A pilot error during the last turn.

Crash of a Polikarpov P-5 in Kuybyshev: 1 killed

Date & Time: Jul 31, 1936 at 0930 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-L1918
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Aktyubinsk – Kuybyshev – Moscow
MSN:
9466
YOM:
1935
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Circumstances:
The pilot, sole on board, departed Aktyubinsk on a mail flight to Moscow with an intermediate stop in Kuybyshev. On approach to Kuybyshev Airport, the pilot completed a haft-circle to reach the runway when he realized his position was incorrect. He decided to initiate a go-around procedure when he saw the pipe of a foundry. While trying to get height, the airplane collided with the pipe and crashed, bursting into flames. The pilot was killed.
Probable cause:
The accident was the result of a wrong approach configuration caused by pilot fatigue combined with poor piloting techniques.