Crash of a Cessna 421C Golden Eagle III near Cortez: 5 killed

Date & Time: Mar 29, 1991 at 1125 LT
Operator:
Registration:
N3851C
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Tucson - Cortez
MSN:
421C-0119
YOM:
1976
Location:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
4
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
5
Captain / Total flying hours:
530
Captain / Total hours on type:
40.00
Circumstances:
The flight departed without a flight plan or weather brief. En route deteriorating weather was encountered and an IFR flight plan was filed to a revised destination. Clearance was received for a VOR approach and the pilot was advised of 1/2 mile visibility in snow and fog. A missed approach was reported over the unicom frequency. Impact occurred with a heading of about 170° at 7,700 feet msl in mountainous terrain on the 173° radial, 7.3 miles from the VOR. The inbound course to the final approach fix was 170° with an inbound final approach course of 196°. Airport elevation was 5,914 feet msl. The airport was located on the 196° radial, 5.5 miles from the VOR final approach fix. The VOR approach to runway 21 called for a missed approach to be executed at 5.5 DME from the VOR and a minimum descent altitude of 6,600 feet. All five occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
The pilot's improper IFR procedures. Factors were: the existing weather conditions and the pilot's failure to obtain a preflight briefing.
Final Report:

Crash of a Boeing 737-204 in Tucson

Date & Time: Dec 30, 1989 at 1910 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N198AW
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Phoenix - Tucson
MSN:
19710
YOM:
1968
Location:
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
125
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
10600
Captain / Total hours on type:
3970.00
Aircraft flight hours:
62466
Aircraft flight cycles:
38827
Circumstances:
During approach, a fire erupted in the wheel well of the 22-year old airplane. The fire burned thru the hydraulic lines rendering the a, b, and standby hydraulic systems inoperative. The crew landed the airplane using the emergency manual reversion flight control system. However, the airplane was unable to stop on the runway because of the previous failures of the check valves in the backup hydraulic accumulator pressure systems for the #2 thrust reverser and the inboard pair of wheel brakes. During the 2 minutes rollout, the airplane traversed 14,000 feet, overran the runway end, and collided with a concrete structure which collapsed the nose gear. The airplane had recently undergone a 'C' check during which the operator's mechanics failed to observe and repair an electric wire which had been chafing against a hydraulic line. On the accident flight the energized wire arced, punctured the line, and ignited the escaping hydraulic fluid. The hydraulic check valves had failed earlier due to mechanical wear.
Probable cause:
Failure of the operator's maintenance personnel to detect an electrical wire which had chafed against a hydraulic line and which eventually arced causing a leak in the hydraulic line and subsequent fire and hydraulic system failure. In addition, previous wear of check valves in the backup hydraulic systems prevented the airplane from stopping on the runway. A contributing factor was the airplane manufacturer's inadequate guidance for maintaining the hydraulic components.
Final Report:

Crash of a Cessna 421A Golden Eagle I in Cabazon: 1 killed

Date & Time: Nov 1, 1988 at 1613 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N3385Q
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Torrance - Tucson
MSN:
421A-0115
YOM:
1968
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Captain / Total flying hours:
7000
Aircraft flight hours:
2293
Circumstances:
The pilot contacted the arsa controller for advisories after losing power on the right engine over an air force base. The controller advised the pilot that his position was near a civilian airport with limited maintenance facilities and an air force base. The pilot advised that he desired to continue to a larger civilian airport along his route where he could obtain service. The pilot then informed the controller that he could barley see the ground and that he was unable to maintain altitude due to the propeller not feathering. The aircraft overflew a small civilian airport and the pilot told the unicom operator that he would attempt to land on an interstate highway. The aircraft overflew the highway and impacted an electrical transmission line and collided with a residence. Post accident inspection revealed the right engine #3 cylinder head fractured allowing the head to displace outward 3/8 inch. Fracture resulted from fatigue at threaded area between head and cylinder. The propeller governor operated normally during functional testing after the accident. The pilot, sole on board, was killed.
Probable cause:
The pilot's poor decision and misjudgement of distance. The separation of the cylinder, failure of the propeller to feather, and impact with wires and a residence were factors in the accident.
Occurrence #1: loss of engine power (total) - nonmechanical
Phase of operation: cruise - normal
Findings
1. (c) engine assembly, cylinder - fatigue
2. (c) engine assembly, cylinder - separation
3. (f) propeller feathering - not possible - pilot in command
4. (f) reason for occurrence undetermined
----------
Occurrence #2: forced landing
Phase of operation: descent - emergency
Findings
5. (c) in-flight planning/decision - poor - pilot in command
6. (f) overconfidence in aircraft's ability - pilot in command
7. Distance - misjudged - pilot in command
----------
Occurrence #3: in flight collision with object
Phase of operation: descent - emergency
Findings
8. (f) object - wire, transmission
9. (f) object - residence
----------
Occurrence #4: in flight collision with object
Phase of operation: descent - emergency.
Final Report:

Crash of a Learjet 23 at March AFB: 2 killed

Date & Time: Jul 30, 1988 at 1140 LT
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
N745F
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Wichita – Tucson – Chino
MSN:
23-077
YOM:
1965
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Captain / Total flying hours:
6800
Circumstances:
After landing at the aircraft's manufacturer facility with an asymmetric fuel condition and an inoperative yaw damper the crew elected to continue the flight to their destination without correcting the deficiencies. Enroute the captain informed air traffic controllers that he had fuel coming from one tank and that he doubted that had fuel available to reach his destination. The controller cleared the aircraft to land at a March AFB, the nearby airport. As the aircraft turned onto the final approach it rolled inverted and impacted the ground inverted short of runway 32. Both pilots were killed.
Probable cause:
The pilot decided to conduct his flight with known aircraft deficiencies. Induced company pressure to deliver the aircraft to its destination is considered to have been a factor in the accident.
Findings:
Occurrence #1: loss of control - in flight
Phase of operation: approach - vfr pattern - base leg/base to final
Findings
1. (f) autopilot/flight director - inoperative
2. (c) operation with known deficiencies in equipment - attempted - pilot in command
3. (f) fuel system, transfer pump - inoperative
----------
Occurrence #2: in flight collision with terrain/water
Phase of operation: approach - vfr pattern - final approach
Final Report:

Crash of a Rockwell 1121 Jet Commander in Van Nuys

Date & Time: Jun 11, 1985 at 0731 LT
Registration:
N69GT
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Tucson – Van Nuys
MSN:
1121-044
YOM:
1966
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
1
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
5000
Captain / Total hours on type:
90.00
Circumstances:
The pilot, executing an ILS approach, observed a primary hydraulic pressure drop and declared his intent to land without the use of flaps, speed brakes, reversers or nose wheel steering. The aircraft ran off the end of the runway during landing, traveled approximately 1,300 feet and came to rest on a golf course after striking two vehicles and a chain link fence. Post accident investigation revealed 0.8 quarts of hydraulic fluid (skydrol) in the reservoir. Reservoir capacity is 1.28 u.s. gallon. The pilot stated he pumped the brakes on approach to build pressure in the emergency brake system. The pilot announced he had no braked after touchdown. The Jet Commander 1121 operator's manual cautions against this practice. A functional check of the thrust reversers by on-scene investigators produced two complete cycles of operation. Two persons located in a ground vehicle were injured during the overrun landing.
Probable cause:
Occurrence #1: overrun
Phase of operation: landing - roll
Findings
1. (f) hydraulic system, reservoir - low level
2. (f) brakes (normal) - not possible - other maintenance personnel
3. (c) brakes (emergency) - improper use of - pilot in command
4. (c) improper use of procedure - pilot in command
5. (c) reversers - not used - pilot in command
6. (f) aircraft preflight - not performed - pilot in command
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas C-47D in El Paso

Date & Time: Jul 30, 1982 at 0647 LT
Registration:
N102BL
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
El Paso - Tucson
MSN:
15816/32564
YOM:
1945
Location:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
1
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
22188
Captain / Total hours on type:
1108.00
Aircraft flight hours:
18348
Circumstances:
Shortly after takeoff at about 800 feet agl, the left engine oil temperature became high and reportedly there was a loss of oil pressure. The pilot reported that he then feathered the left engine and declared an emergency. On final approach, he did not get a safe gear indication. The pilot started that he attempted to go around. But at about that time, he was committed to land. While maneuvering, the aircraft crashed in the desert. There was 2,700 lbs of cargo on board. The elevation was about 3,950 feet and the temperature was reported at 72 degrees Fahrenheit. All three occupants were uninjured.
Probable cause:
Occurrence #1: loss of engine power
Phase of operation: takeoff - initial climb
Findings
1. (c) lubricating system - no pressure
2. Propeller feathering - performed - pilot in command
----------
Occurrence #2: forced landing
Phase of operation: maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)
Findings
3. Precautionary landing - performed - pilot in command
4. Gear extension - initiated - pilot in command
5. (c) landing gear,gear indicating system - undetermined
6. Go-around - initiated - pilot in command
7. (f) weather condition - high density altitude
8. Airspeed (VMC) - not possible - pilot in command
----------
Occurrence #3: in flight collision with terrain/water
Phase of operation: landing - flare/touchdown
Findings
9. (f) terrain condition - rough/uneven
10. (f) terrain condition - loose gravel/sandy
11. (f) terrain condition - high vegetation
Final Report:

Crash of a Cessna 402 in Cliff

Date & Time: May 27, 1981 at 1300 LT
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
N2AQ
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Tucson - Dodge City
MSN:
402-0210
YOM:
1968
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
4083
Captain / Total hours on type:
310.00
Circumstances:
En route from Tucson to Dodge City in good weather conditions, the right engine caught fire. The pilot shut down the engine and as he was unable to maintain a safe altitude, he attempted an emergency landing. The airplane belly landed in a field near Cliff and came to rest in flames. The pilot, sole on board, escaped uninjured while the aircraft was destroyed by a post crash fire.
Probable cause:
Powerplant fire and explosion in flight due to a cylinder assembly failure. The following contributing factors were reported:
- Powerplant detonation,
- Fire in engine,
- Intentional wheels-up landing off airport on land,
- Exhaust system: external supercharger,
- Foreign object damage, warped,
- Rough/uneven terrain,
- Hole burnt near n°2 exhaust valve seat,
- Density altitude 7,900 feet.
Final Report:

Crash of a Piper PA-31-350 Navajo Chieftain in Magdalena de Kino: 2 killed

Date & Time: Sep 30, 1980 at 1415 LT
Operator:
Registration:
N3542X
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Guaymas - Tucson
MSN:
31-7952239
YOM:
1979
Country:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
1
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Captain / Total flying hours:
4800
Captain / Total hours on type:
1079.00
Circumstances:
While on a taxi flight from Guaymas to Tucson, the pilot contacted ATC and reported an engine fire. He was cleared to divert to Magdalena de Kino Airport for an emergency landing when on final, the twin engine airplane went out of control and crashed, bursting into flames. Both occupants were killed, among them the American guitarist Norman Douglas Sholin aged 29.
Probable cause:
Engine fire in flight for unknown reasons.
Final Report:

Crash of a Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer near Safford: 2 killed

Date & Time: Jun 27, 1974 at 0726 LT
Registration:
N7237C
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Tucson - Tucson
MSN:
59763
YOM:
1943
Flight number:
Tanker 50
Location:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Captain / Total flying hours:
12000
Circumstances:
The crew departed Tucson Airport in the early morning on a firefighting mission in the region of Safford. While flying at low height over the forest in fire, the airplane struck trees and crashed in a mountain slope. The aircraft was totally destroyed and both occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
The crew misjudged the clearance with ground. The following factors were reported:
- High obstructions.
Final Report:

Crash of a Rockwell Grand Commander 680F near Sells: 1 killed

Date & Time: Jan 14, 1974 at 1754 LT
Operator:
Registration:
N2500T
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Tucson - Tucson
MSN:
680-1158-98
YOM:
1962
Location:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Captain / Total flying hours:
2498
Captain / Total hours on type:
98.00
Circumstances:
While approaching Sells, Arizona, the twin engine airplane was flying at a very low altitude (30 feet above the ground) when it struck a cactus and crashed in flames. The pilot, sole on board, was killed.
Probable cause:
The pilot failed to see and avoid objects or obstructions. The following factors were reported :
- Unwarranted low flying,
- High obstructions,
- Hit cactus at 30 feet AGL,
- $ 5,270 cash found at accident site.
Final Report: