Crash of a Douglas DC-3-277B near Burbank: 24 killed

Date & Time: Jan 10, 1945 at 0410 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
NC25684
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
New York – Washington DC – Cincinnati – Memphis – Dallas – El Paso – Phoenix – Burbank
MSN:
2215
YOM:
1940
Flight number:
AA6001
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
21
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
24
Captain / Total flying hours:
6315
Captain / Total hours on type:
4660.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
2113
Copilot / Total hours on type:
1792
Aircraft flight hours:
14888
Circumstances:
Following an uneventful flight from El Paso, the crew started the approach to Burbank-Hollywood-Lockheed Air Terminal at night. Due to low visibility caused by poor weather conditions, the pilot was unable to localize the airport and decided to proceed to the alternate airfield, Palmdale. Few minutes later, as it was flying at a too low altitude, the aircraft hit tree tops and crashed on the slope of a wooded hill located in the Verdigo mountains, some 4 miles northeast of the Burbank Airport. All 24 occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
The possibility of an accident became a potentiality when the company ground personnel failed to obtain and transmit important weather to the pilot. Failure to obtain and transmit this information to the pilot constitutes negligence on the part of the company. This, however, did not relieve the pilot of his responsibility to conduct a safe flight although it did place him in a disadvantageous position. Had no properly execution the "missed-approach" procedure it is unlikely that the accident would have occurred. The Board, therefore, determines that the probable cause of this accident was "the pilot's attempt to use the standard 'missed-approach' procedure after having followed another course up to a point there it was impossible to apply this procedure safely."
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas DC-3 Dakota IV in Sileby: 3 killed

Date & Time: Jan 10, 1945
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
KJ835
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
MSN:
25619/14174
YOM:
1944
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Circumstances:
Few minutes after take off from a local RAF station, the crew encountered poor weather conditions with snow falls and icing. After the carburetors got iced, control was lost and the aircraft dove into the ground and crashed in a field, killing all three crew members.
Crew (108th OTU):
W/O Frederick Edward Henry Dobson, pilot,
Sgt Edgar James Wilmot, navigator,
Sgt Ronald James Hillsdon, wireless operator.

Crash of a Douglas DC-3A off Chorillos

Date & Time: Jan 4, 1945
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
NC19470
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Lima - Lima
MSN:
11680
YOM:
1943
Location:
Country:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
4
Circumstances:
Parked at Lima-Limatambo Airport, the aircraft was stolen by two mechanics and two friends that started the flight without any permission. While flying south of the capital city, off Chorillos, the aircraft went out of control and crashed into the sea. All four occupants were killed.

Crash of a Douglas DC-3-209 in Burbank: 8 killed

Date & Time: Dec 1, 1944 at 0258 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
NC17322
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
San Francisco – Burbank – New York
MSN:
1968
YOM:
1937
Flight number:
TW018
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
20
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
8
Captain / Total flying hours:
5400
Captain / Total hours on type:
4315.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
1084
Copilot / Total hours on type:
136
Aircraft flight hours:
22180
Circumstances:
The flight was cleared to Burbank Airport for a standard instrument approach. During the approach the plane descended under instrument conditions to such a low altitude as to clip the tree tops and strike a power line pole and then crash at a point approximately 6 1/2 miles short of the Burbank Airport. In a normal approach the plane would have flown over this point at an altitude of about 1650 feet above the ground. The specific reasons for the plane's descent below the minimums for instrument approach were not determinable, nor was it possible to tell whether the deviation was a voluntary one. Investigation did reveal, however, that a number of divisions were made from the company's standard Civil Aeronautics Administration approved procedures during this flight. Both pilots and six passengers were killed.
Crew:
John Pollard Snowden, pilot, †
Thomas Leo Bamberger, copilot, †
Donna Elizabeth Marr, hostess.
Probable cause:
On the basis of the evidence available the Board finds that the probable cause of this accident was the pilot's deviation from the standard instrument approach procedure then he descended below the established safe minimum altitude. A contributing factor was the company's failure to enforce adherence to company procedures.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas DC-3-454 in Hanford: 24 killed

Date & Time: Nov 4, 1944 at 1730 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
NC28310
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
San Francisco – Burbank - New York
MSN:
4992
YOM:
1942
Flight number:
TW008
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
21
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
24
Aircraft flight hours:
13167
Circumstances:
Flight 8 took off at 1600 and proceeded according to plan to a cruising altitude of 10,000 feet for Burbank on an instrument clearance. It reported over Fresno on schedule cruising at 10,000 feet and estimated Bakersfield at 1735. At 1712 the crew was last contacted by the company and given a routine message which was acknowledged. Thereafter, at intervals of a few minutes, numerous unsuccessful attempts were made to contact the flight. At no time did the captain report any difficulty with the airplane or comment on the weather. While cruising in poor weather conditions (thunderstorm and severe turbulence), the aircraft went out of control, got inverted and dove into the ground prior to crash in a field. All 24 occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
On the basis of all the evidence available the Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was the failure of the airplane's structure as a result of severe turbulence, in important contributing cause was the fact that the airplane was undoubtedly in an abnormal attitude of flight, i.e., inverted, at the instant of structural failure. The cause of the airplane becoming inverted has not been determined.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas R4D-5 near Kokoda: 17 killed

Date & Time: Jul 23, 1944
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
39090
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Cairns – Momote
MSN:
13859
YOM:
1943
Location:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
15
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
17
Circumstances:
En route, the aircraft hit the slope of a mountain located some 30 km west of Kokoda, in the center PNG. The wreckage was eventually found in 1970. All 17 occupants were killed. Other source reports the accident occurred in the region of Cairns.

Crash of a Douglas R4D-5 on Guadalcanal Island: 15 killed

Date & Time: Jun 12, 1944
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
17180
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
MSN:
12778
YOM:
1944
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
12
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
15
Circumstances:
While cruising over the Guadalcanal Island, the aircraft hit a mountain slope and crashed. All 15 occupants were killed.

Crash of a Douglas DC-3-313 off West Palm Beach: 4 killed

Date & Time: May 5, 1944 at 1026 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
NC21788
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Miami - Savannah
MSN:
2187
YOM:
1940
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
4
Circumstances:
The crew left Miami Airport bound for Savannah on behalf of the USAAF. After departure, the crew was allowed to climb to 3,000 feet along the east coast of Florida. In the same region was flying a USAAF Consolidated B-24D Liberator registered 41-11889 with a crew of four on board. The crew departed Homestead AFB in the morning for a training exercise. En route, both aircraft collided and crashed into the sea, less than one mile from each other. All eight occupants on board both aircraft were killed and the wreckage were found some 6 miles southeast of Lake Worth.
Probable cause:
Investigations determined that both aircraft were flying face to face at the altitude of 1,500 feet when the collision occurred. It appears that both crews did not realize the presence of each other because their attention was focused on cockpit duties and workload.

Crash of a Douglas DC-3-220B off Fredrikstad: 9 killed

Date & Time: Apr 21, 1944
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
D-AAIG
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Copenhagen - Oslo
MSN:
2095
YOM:
1939
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
17
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
9
Circumstances:
While cruising some 80 km south of Oslo, smoke spread in the cockpit. Crew reduced his altitude and attempted to make an emergency landing off Fredrikstad. The crew of a ship was quickly on the scene and was able to rescue eleven passengers while all nine other occupants, among them all three crew members, were killed. The aircraft was lost.
Probable cause:
It was determined that a signal flare accidentally activated in the cockpit, spreading smoke and forcing the crew to ditch the aircraft.

Crash of a Douglas DC-3-277A in Memphis: 24 killed

Date & Time: Feb 10, 1944 at 2336 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
NC21767
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Los Angeles – Dallas – Little Rock – Memphis – New York
MSN:
2166
YOM:
1939
Flight number:
AA002
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
21
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
24
Captain / Total flying hours:
13050
Captain / Total hours on type:
7374.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
1911
Copilot / Total hours on type:
812
Aircraft flight hours:
12446
Circumstances:
American Airlines Trip 2, on a regular transcontinental schedule from Los Angeles to New York City, while en route from Little Rock to Memphis, crashed in the Mississippi River 18 miles southwest of Memphis Airport about 2336LT. The 21 passengers and three crew members were fatally injured and the airplane was totally destroyed. The flight was observed to be at a normal altitude approximately 30 miles west of the scene of the crash. At a point 2 1/2 miles west of the scene, the plane was observed flying very low. How long it had been flying low between these two points could not be ascertained as there were no known witnesses to this portion of the flight. It approached and struck the river in an angle of descent of about 20 degree with the right wing slightly low. Impact with the water, submersion and the extremely difficult salvage operation caused an unusual degree of damage to the plane. Only 75% of the wreckage is estimated to have been recovered. These conditions materially limited the efforts of the Boards investigators.
Probable cause:
Although a considerable period of time was devoted to the investigation in order to gather all possible evidence, the Board is unable to determine the probable cause of this accident.
Final Report: