Crash of a Boeing 707-3B5C in the Andaman Sea: 115 killed

Date & Time: Nov 29, 1987 at 1152 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
HL7406
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Baghdad - Abu Dhabi - Bangkok - Seoul
MSN:
20522
YOM:
1971
Flight number:
KE858
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
11
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
104
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
115
Captain / Total flying hours:
11161
Captain / Total hours on type:
5416.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
3882
Copilot / Total hours on type:
134
Aircraft flight hours:
36047
Aircraft flight cycles:
19941
Circumstances:
A Boeing 707-300 passenger plane, registered HL7406, was destroyed in an accident in the Indian Ocean, some 100 km off the coast of Myanmar. All 104 passengers and eleven crew members were killed. Korean Air flight 858 departed Baghdad, Iraq on a scheduled service to Seoul, South Korea. En route stops were planned at Abu Dhabi, UAE and Bangkok, Thailand. At 00:01 UTC Flight 858 departed Abu Dhabi, climbing to a cruising altitude of FL370. Last radio contact was at 05:01 UTC when the crew reported that they estimated reaching the TAVOY waypoint over the Andaman Sea at 05:22. Flight 858 was declared missing when it failed to arrive at the destination. On December 13, 1987 a local schooner found pieces of wreckage floating northwest off Tavoy, Myanmar. Korean Authorities, suspecting sabotage after the aircraft became missing, started checking on passengers who disembarked at Abu Dhabi and traced the suspects Mr.Hachiya Shinichi and Miss Hachiya Mayumi to Bahrain where they were apprehended while going through exit formalities at the airport. It was reported that they were found to be holding false Japanese Passports. While being held for interrogation, both committed suicide by taking poison capsules hidden in the cigarettes and Mr.Hachiya Shinichi died. Miss Hachiya Mayumi who survived the attempt was extradited to South Korea. It was reported that the passengers were found to be named Mr. Kim Sung-il and Miss Kim Hyon-hui of North Korean origin. For her role in the bombing Kim Hyun Hui was sentenced to death in March 1989. However, South Korean president Roh Tae-woo pardoned her in 1998.
Probable cause:
In flight explosion of time bomb planted in the aircraft by the two saboteurs disguised as passengers. Investigation revealed that the bomb consisted of a composition C4 type explosive hidden in a battery operated portable transistor radio which was used as a timing device. The timer was activated while they were awaiting embarkation at Baghdad Airport and set to go off 9 hours later. Together with the transistor radio, a liquor bottle containing liquid explosive (type PLX) was taken on board and placed in the overhead baggage rack above seat row n°7 in the forward cabin section of the economy class compartment where they were seated. These timed explosives were left in that place when they disembarked at Abu Dhabi.

Crash of a Boeing 747-244B in the Indian Ocean: 159 killed

Date & Time: Nov 28, 1987 at 0407 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
ZS-SAS
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Taipei – Port Louis – Johannesburg
MSN:
22171
YOM:
1980
Flight number:
SA295
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
19
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
140
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
159
Captain / Total flying hours:
13843
Captain / Total hours on type:
3884.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
7362
Copilot / Total hours on type:
4096
Aircraft flight hours:
26743
Aircraft flight cycles:
4877
Circumstances:
On November 27th 1987 flight SA295 was scheduled to depart from Taipei's Chiang Kai Shek Airport at 13:00 UTC for Mauritius' Plaisance Airport and Johannesburg, South Africa on a scheduled international air transport service. Due to adverse weather and the late arrival of a connecting flight the departure time was delayed and the airplane took off at 14:23 UTC with 149000 kg of fuel, 43225 kg of baggage and cargo, 140 passengers and a crew comprising 5 flight crew members and 14 cabin crew members. The calculated flight time was 10 hours 14 minutes. The take-off was normal. At 14:56 UTC the crew communicated with Hong Kong Radar and thereafter routine position reports were given to the flight information centres (FICs) at Hong Kong, Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, Colombo, Cocos Islands and Mauritius. At 15:55 a routine report was made to the Operator's base at Johannesburg. The information given was that the airplane had taken off from Taipei at 14:23, was flying at FL310 and that the arrival time at Mauritius was estimated as 00:35 UTC. At about 22:30 the pilot called Mauritius FIC, using HF radio, and advised that the aircraft had been at position 070° East at 22:29 at FL350 and that the time at position 065° East was estimated as 23:12. At 23:13 the position report of 065° East at FL350 was given to Mauritius FIC. The estimated time of arrival (ETA) over position 060° East was given as 23:58. About 23:45 the master fire warning alarm sounded on the flight deck. Somebody, probably the pilot, inquired where the warning had come from and received the reply that it had come from the main deck cargo. The pilot then asked that the check list be read. Some 30 seconds later somebody on the flight deck uttered an oath. The pilot called Mauritius Approach Control at 23:49 and said that they had a smoke problem and were doing an emergency descent to FL140. The approach controller gave clearance for the descent and the pilot asked that the fire services be alerted. The controller asked if full emergency services were required to which the pilot replied in the affirmative. At 23:51 the approach controller asked the pilot for his actual position. The pilot replied: "Now we have lost a lot of electrics, we haven't got anything on the aircraft now". At 23:52 the approach controller asked for an ETA at Plaisance and was given the time of 00:30. At 23:52:50 the pilot made an inadvertent transmission when he said to the senior flight engineer: "Hey Joe, shut down the oxygen left". From this time until 00:01:34 there was a period of silence lasting 8 minutes and 44 seconds. From 00:01:34 until 00:02:14 the pilot inadvertently transmitted instructions, apparently to the senior flight engineer, in an excited tone of voice. Most of the phrases are unintelligible. At 00:02:43 the pilot gave a distance report as 65 nautical miles. This was understood by the approach controller to be the distance to the airport. In fact it was the distance to the next waypoint, Xagal. The distance to the airport at that point was approximately 145 nautical miles. At 00:02:50 the approach controller recleared the flight to FL50 and at 00:03:00 gave information on the actual weather conditions at Plaisance Airport, which the pilot acknowledged. When the approach controller asked the pilot at 00:03: 43 which runway he intended to use he replied one three but was corrected when the controller asked him to confirm one four. At 00:03:56 the controller cleared the flight for a direct approach to the Flic-en-Flac (FF) non-directional beacon and requested the pilot to report on approaching FL50. At 00:04:02 the pilot said: "Kay". From 00:08:00 to 00:30:00 the approach controller called the aircraft repeatedly but there was no reply. The aircraft crashed into the Indian Ocean at a position determined to be about 134 nautical miles North-East of Plaisance Airport. The accident occurred at night, in darkness, at about 00:07 UTC. The local time was 04:07. Within a few days drifting pieces of wreckage were found, but it took until January 28th, 1988 for the main wreckage field to be found on the Ocean floor, at a depth of 4400 meters. The cockpit voice recorder was recovered on 6 January 1989.
Probable cause:
Despite intensive investigation the Board was unable to find or conclude that fireworks or any other illegal cargo were carried in the aircraft. The accident followed an uncontrollable fire in the forward right pallet on the main deck cargo compartment. The aircraft crashed into the sea at high speed following a loss of control consequent on the fire.
Fire of an unknown origin had possibly:
1) incapacitated the crew;
2) caused disorientation of the crew due to thick smoke;
3) caused crew distraction;
4) weakened the aircraft structure, causing an in-flight break-up.;
5) burned through several control cables;
6) caused loss of control due to deformation of the aircraft fuselage.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas C-54R Skymaster in the Pacific Ocean

Date & Time: Dec 23, 1986 at 1750 LT
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
N96361
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Arlington - Arlington
MSN:
27368
YOM:
1944
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
4500
Captain / Total hours on type:
400.00
Aircraft flight hours:
27804
Circumstances:
The pilot reported that he ditched his DC-4 in the Pacific Ocean on the evening of december 23 after experiencing an uncontrollable n°3 engine fire at the conclusion of a training flight. The ditching occurred in dark night conditions with minimal 10 foot swells having a period of approximately 10 seconds and the aircraft was reported to have remained afloat approximately 10 minutes after the ditching. Although the flight penetrated the Pacific coastal adiz on at least 2 occasions no radar evidence corroborated the penetrations nor was there any receipt of the pilots mayday on 121.5 mhz. No wreckage has been observed along the Washington shoreline since the event. Weather conditions at 1750 hrs pst within 20 miles of the ditching were reported as measured 900 foot overcast with 1.5 miles visibilit in light rain and fog. Surface winds prevailed from the southeast yet the two pilots reportedly drifted northeast covering a distance of at least 14 nautical miles via raft in 16 hours. The board's findings surrounding this event remain undetermined.
Probable cause:
Occurrence #1: fire
Phase of operation: cruise - normal
Findings
1. (c) engine assembly - undetermined
2. (c) reason for occurrence undetermined
----------
Occurrence #2: forced landing
Phase of operation: descent - emergency
----------
Occurrence #3: ditching
Phase of operation: landing - flare/touchdown
Final Report:

Crash of a Casa 212 Aviocar 200 in the Caribbean Sea

Date & Time: Dec 17, 1986
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
N431CA
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
269
YOM:
1982
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
En route, the crew encountered an unexpected situation and was forced to ditch the aircraft in the Caribbean Sea. The crew of a boat was quickly on the scene and able to evacuate all three crew members alive. The airplane sank and was lost.

Crash of a PZL-Mielec AN-2 in Arctic

Date & Time: Apr 10, 1986
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-07647
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
1G157-32
YOM:
1974
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
4
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The single engine aircraft was engaged in a special flight to Artica, carrying four scientists and five crew members. Following an uneventful flight in good weather conditions, the crew selected a landing area on the ice. After touchdown, the right ski went through the ice and the aircraft came to a halt. All nine occupants deplaned when the aircraft sank and was lost.
Probable cause:
The crew selected an unsuitable area for landing according to procedures as the ice was to thin.

Crash of an Antonov AN-32 in the Oman Sea: 7 killed

Date & Time: Mar 25, 1986 at 1445 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
K2729
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Muscat - Jamnagar
MSN:
07 05
YOM:
1986
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
4
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
7
Circumstances:
The crew was completing a delivery flight from Russia to India. The aircraft departed Muscat-Seeb Airport at 1328LT bound for Jamnagar, Gujarat. While in cruising altitude, the aircraft disappeared from radar screens and the crew did not send any distress message. SAR operations were initiated but eventually abandoned few days later as no trace of the airplane was found. It is believed that it crashed in the Oman Sea about 450 km west of the Indian coast of Gujarat State.
Probable cause:
Due to lack of evidences, the cause of the accident could not be determined.

Crash of a Boeing 747-237B in the Atlantic Ocean: 329 killed

Date & Time: Jun 23, 1985 at 0715 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
VT-EFO
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Vancouver – Toronto – Montreal – London – New Delhi – Bombay
MSN:
21473
YOM:
1978
Flight number:
AI182
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
22
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
307
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
329
Captain / Total flying hours:
20379
Captain / Total hours on type:
6488.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
7489
Copilot / Total hours on type:
2469
Aircraft flight hours:
23634
Aircraft flight cycles:
7525
Circumstances:
On the morning of 23rd June, 1985 Air India's Boeing 747 aircraft VT-EFO (Kanishka) was on a scheduled passenger flight (AI182) from Montreal and was proceeding to London enroute to Delhi and Bombay. It was being monitored at Shannon on the radar scope. At about 0714 GMT it suddenly disappeared from the radar scope and the aircraft, which had been flying at an altitude of approximately 31,000 feet, plunged into the Atlantic Ocean off the southwest coast of Ireland at position latitude 51° 3.6' N and longitude 12° 49' W. This was one of the worst air disasters wherein all the 307 passengers plus 22 crew members perished. The fact that emergency had arisen was first by Shannon Upper Area Control (UAC) after the aircraft had disappeared from the radar scope. The control gave a number of calls to the aircraft but there was obviously no response. Thereafter various messages were transmitted and that is how the rest of the world came to know of the accident. Shannon Control at 0730 hours advised the Marine Rescue Coordination Center (MRCC) about the situation which appeared to have arisen. MRCC, in turn, explained the situation to Valencia Coast Station and requested for a Pan Broadcast. Thereafter ships started converging on the scene of the accident and they commenced search and rescue operations.
Probable cause:
The following findings were reported:
- The aircraft was subjected to a sudden event at an altitude of 31,000 feet resulting in its crash into the sea and the death of all on board,
- The forward and aft cargo compartments ruptured before water impact,
- The section aft of the wings of the aircraft separated from the forward portion before water impact.
- There is no evidence to indicate that structural failure of the aircraft was the lead event in this occurrence.
- There is considerable circumstantial and other evidence to indicate that the initial event was an explosion occurring in the forward cargo compartment. This evidence is not conclusive. However, the evidence does not support any other conclusion.
Final Report:

Crash of a Rockwell Grand Commander 690B in the Atlantic Ocean: 2 killed

Date & Time: Dec 5, 1984
Operator:
Registration:
ZS-JRF
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Windhoek – Abidjan
MSN:
690-11491
YOM:
1978
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Circumstances:
The crew was in charge to deliver the aircraft in Europe and departed Windhoek bound for Abidjan. While cruising over the water, the aircraft crashed in unknown circumstances in the Atlantic Ocean. No trace of the aircraft nor the crew was found.
Probable cause:
Due to lack of evidences, the cause of the accident could not be determined.

Crash of a De Havilland DHC-4 Caribou in the Atlantic Ocean: 1 killed

Date & Time: Oct 23, 1984 at 0307 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N5488R
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Santa Maria - Saint John's
MSN:
216
YOM:
1964
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Captain / Total flying hours:
50000
Captain / Total hours on type:
5000.00
Aircraft flight hours:
4500
Circumstances:
Pilot ditched aircraft in Atlantic Ocean following a loss of power due to fuel exhaustion. Copilot stated they were aware of bad weather along the route but the pilot was anxious to get to their destination. Headwinds encountered en route were stronger then expected. Copilot stated they had shut down one of the engines approximately 1/2 hour before the ditching in an effort to conserve fuel. A pilot died while the second was rescued.
Probable cause:
Occurrence #1: loss of engine power (total) - nonmechanical
Phase of operation: cruise - normal
Findings
1. (f) weather condition - rain
2. (c) preflight planning/preparation - poor - pilot in command
3. (f) weather condition - unfavorable wind
4. Judgment - poor - pilot in command
5. (f) anxiety/apprehension - pilot in command
6. Fluid, fuel - exhaustion
7. (c) fuel consumption calculations - inaccurate - pilot in command
----------
Occurrence #2: forced landing
Phase of operation: descent - emergency
----------
Occurrence #3: ditching
Phase of operation: landing
Findings
8. Terrain condition - water, rough
Final Report:

Crash of a Shin Meiwa PS-1 in the Japan Sea: 12 killed

Date & Time: Feb 27, 1984
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
5803
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
MSN:
1003
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
12
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
12
Circumstances:
Crashed in unknown circumstances in the Japan Sea, killing all 12 crew members.