Crash of a Douglas DC-3 in San Juan: 1 killed

Date & Time: Jul 22, 1986 at 1353 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N27PR
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
San Juan - Basseterre
MSN:
11776
YOM:
1943
Country:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Captain / Total flying hours:
29100
Captain / Total hours on type:
2000.00
Aircraft flight hours:
44394
Circumstances:
Shortly after takeoff, the aircraft's climb performance began to deteriorate and the right engine started to overheat. Subsequently, the right engine was feathered and the crew attempted to return to the airport. The radio transmitter became unintelligible, so the tower personnel cleared the aircraft to land on runway 10 and asked the crew to key their mike twice, if they understood. The mike waskeyed twice. The aircraft entered a right downwind for runway 10 at a very low altitude. According to witnesses, the aircraft went into a steep bank as it was turning onto a base leg over water, the right wing tip hit the water and the aircraft cartwheeled and crashed. The copilot reported that after feathering the right engine, the vmc of 84 kts was maintained; however, he believed the aircraft stalled just prior to impact. A teardown of the right engine revealed the edge of the #8 piston and its piston rings had failed. Metal filings were found in the oil and the oil pump was scored. There was evidence of oil starvation to the crankshaft journal, as well as piston slap associated with the ring failure.
Probable cause:
Occurrence #1: loss of engine power (total) - mech failure/malf
Phase of operation: climb - to cruise
Findings
1. (f) engine assembly, ring - failure, total
2. (f) engine assembly, bearing - failure, total
3. (f) engine assembly, master rod - failure, total
4. Propeller feathering - performed
5. Precautionary landing - initiated
----------
Occurrence #2: airframe/component/system failure/malfunction
Phase of operation: approach
Findings
6. (f) comm/nav equipment, transmitter - failure, total
----------
Occurrence #3: loss of control - in flight
Phase of operation: approach - vfr pattern - base turn
Findings
7. Maneuver - initiated
8. (c) airspeed - inadequate - pilot in command
9. (c) aircraft handling - improper - pilot in command
----------
Occurrence #4: in flight collision with terrain/water
Phase of operation: descent - uncontrolled
Findings
10. (f) terrain condition - water, rough
Final Report:

Crash of a Britten-Norman BN-2A Islander off Vieques: 9 killed

Date & Time: Aug 2, 1984 at 0805 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N589SA
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Vieques - Christiansted
MSN:
38
YOM:
1968
Country:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
8
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
9
Captain / Total flying hours:
723
Captain / Total hours on type:
71.00
Circumstances:
Flight 901A departed the ramp in Vieques about 0755 with eight passengers aboard, all of whom had reserved seats and purchased tickets for Flight 901. The pilot of Flight 901A contacted the UNICOM as he taxied out to the takeoff end of runway 09. The UNICOM operator informed hym that there was no other traffic in the area. According to a mechanic at the airport, after takeoff, the airplane appeared to climb out normally; however, he said that as the airplane turned left in a crosswind departure pattern, it appeared to lose power when about 200 feet above the ocean. He stated that the airplane then gained about 50 feet, while in a nose-high attitude, and that he then heard the engines develop more power, before the plane descended into the ocean. The airplane had crashed into the ocean north of the departure end of runway 09 and about 1/2 mile off shore. The aircraft was destroyed and all nine occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
The failure of the pilot to execute the emergency engine-out procedure properly shortly after takeoff following a loss of power in the left engine because of water in the airplane's fuel system and the failure of the Puerto Rico Ports Authority to remove excess water known to be in the airport's in-ground fuel tank before conducting fueling operations. The pilot's failure to execute the engine-out procedure properly was due to his inexperience in multi-engine airplanes. Contributing to the accident were:
- The air carrier's use of a pilot not certificated for the flight;
- The air carrier's failure to train the pilot adequately;
- The pilot's failure to follow proper practices to detect water in the airplane's fuel tanks;
- The out of weight and balance condition of the airplane;
- The Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) incorrect application of 14 CFR Part 135 Rules to commuter air carriers; and (6) the FAA's generally inadequate surveillance of the air carrier.
Final Report:

Crash of a Beechcraft A100 King Air in Vieques

Date & Time: Aug 17, 1983 at 1640 LT
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
N129D
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Christiansted - San Juan
MSN:
B-134
YOM:
1972
Country:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
9
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
7558
Captain / Total hours on type:
28.00
Aircraft flight hours:
9420
Circumstances:
The aircraft crash landed during a touch and go landing. The pilot said that the aircraft was caught in a windshear or violent downdraft and would not climb. He did not say why he was doing a touch and go landing with 9 passengers on board. The pilots account of the accident was: after touchdown I raised the flaps and set takeoff power. At 103 knots and with 500 feet of runway remaining the aircraft was lifted off. At about 150 feet agl and climbing I started to raise landing gear but the aircraft started to sink so I left gear down. The trees were moving violently. I felt I was caught in a windshear because of a sharp drop in airspeed and the aircraft quit performing. The aircraft continued sinking and I decided on a controlled crash to save the passengers. A witness stated he (the pilot) took off without enough power. I saw the plane with its nose high and tail low and I lost the plane when it went into the trees. The aircraft hit several citrus trees at a shallow angle of descent 1,200 feet from the end of the runway. The aircraft went 150 feet through the trees and 350 feet on the ground before stopping. All 11 occupants escaped uninjured.
Probable cause:
Occurrence #1: in flight collision with terrain/water
Phase of operation: takeoff - initial climb
Findings
1. (f) object - tree(s)
2. (c) judgment - poor - pilot in command
3. (c) lift-off - premature - pilot in command
4. (c) distance - inadequate - pilot in command
5. (c) airspeed (vlof) - below - pilot in command
Final Report:

Crash of a Britten-Norman BN-2A-6 Islander in San Juan

Date & Time: Jul 20, 1981 at 2207 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N116DW
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
San Juan - Dorado
MSN:
202
YOM:
1970
Country:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
4
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
3577
Captain / Total hours on type:
3000.00
Circumstances:
At liftoff at San Juan-Luis Muñoz Marín Airport runway 10, the twin engine airplane banked left then crashed. All five occupants were injured, the pilot seriously.
Probable cause:
Uncontrolled collision with ground during initial climb following a premature liftoff. It was determined that the airplane crashed 3 minutes and 55 seconds after a Lockheed L-1011 TriStar took off from the same runway 10.
Final Report:

Crash of a Convair CV-440 Metropolitan in San Juan

Date & Time: Aug 26, 1979 at 0450 LT
Registration:
N14478
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
103
YOM:
1953
Country:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
1
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
On approach to San Juan-Isla Verde Airport, the right main landing failed to extend. The captain decided to complete two touch-and-go but the right main gear remained blocked in its wheel well. The decision to complete a belly landing was taken. After landing on runway 10, the airplane slid for few dozen meters before coming to rest. All three occupants escaped the scene and were not recovered. It was later reported that parts of the right main gear and the outboard five feet from the right horizontal stabilizer were missing.
Probable cause:
Suspected collision with object and subsequent wheels-up landing. The following findings were reported:
- Failed to see and avoid objects or obstructions,
- Intentional wheels-up landing,
- Forced landing on airport,
- Suspected or known aircraft damage,
- Right main landing gear struck unknown object.
Final Report:

Crash of a Beechcraft E18S in San Juan

Date & Time: Jul 13, 1979 at 0100 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N62B
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
BA-112
YOM:
1955
Country:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The pilot, apparently sole on board, was engaged in an illegal flight and attempted to land at night on a unsuitable terrain (runway closed). After landing, the twin engine airplane ground looped, struck a dirt bank and came to rest in flames. The pilot was not found and the aircraft was destroyed.
Probable cause:
Ground loop, swerved after landing on an abandoned strip during an illegal flight. The following findings were reported:
- The pilot selected an unsuitable terrain,
- Runway closed,
- Police confirmed traces of cocaine in aircraft.
Final Report:

Crash of a Beechcraft D18S in San Juan: 6 killed

Date & Time: Sep 26, 1978 at 1845 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N500L
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Aguadilla – San Juan
MSN:
A-415
YOM:
1948
Country:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
5
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
6
Captain / Total flying hours:
4365
Captain / Total hours on type:
46.00
Circumstances:
On final approach to San Juan-Isla Verde Airport, the pilot lost control of the airplane that crashed onto several houses located in the district of Barrio Obrero, about 4 km short of runway 10 threshold. The aircraft was destroyed and all six occupants were killed. Few people on the ground were injured.
Probable cause:
Uncontrolled descent on final approach due to wake turbulences. The following contributing factors were reported:
- Failed to follow approved procedures,
- Vortex turbulences,
- Communications and navigation equipment: transmitters and/or receivers malfunction,
- Unable to communicate on terminal radar service area frequency.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas DC-6B in San Juan

Date & Time: Feb 24, 1978 at 0826 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N6103C
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Miami - San Juan
MSN:
44103/392
YOM:
1953
Country:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
45202
Captain / Total hours on type:
10000.00
Circumstances:
On approach to San Juan-Isla Verde Airport, the crew recycled the landing gear but the right main gear remained retracted. The crew was contacted by the tower controller but the captain decided to continue the approach. The airplane partially slid on its belly for about 4,300 feet then veered off runway to the right and came to rest in a drainage ditch. All three occupants escaped uninjured while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.
Probable cause:
Wheels-up landing after the crew failed to assure the gear was down and locked. The following contributing factors were reported:
- Failed to follow approved procedures,
- Improper emergency procedures,
- Landing gear: normal retraction/extension assembly.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas DC-3-201D off Río Grande

Date & Time: Jan 2, 1978 at 0800 LT
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
N15598
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Charlotte Amalie - San Juan
MSN:
2258
YOM:
1940
Country:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
3107
Captain / Total hours on type:
965.00
Circumstances:
En route from Charlotte Amalie to San Juan, while flying along the east coast of Puerto Rico, the left engine failed. The crew was attempting to feather the propeller when the right engine lost power. The captain reduced his altitude and ditched the airplane about 1,000 feet of the Río Grande district. All five occupants were rescued while the aircraft sank.
Probable cause:
Engine failure and malfunction during normal cruise due to mismanagement of fuel. The following contributing factors were reported:
- Inattentive to fuel supply,
- Fuel starvation,
- Failed to follow approved procedures,
- Improper emergency procedures,
- Inadequate preflight preparation,
- Inadequate supervision of flight crew,
- Inadequate inspection of aircraft,
- Failed to use the checklist,
- Aircraft came to rest in water,
- Complete engine failure,
- Forced landing off airport on water,
- Both fuel selectors on the right main tank that was empty,
- Fuel available in the left main tank.
Final Report:

Crash of a Britten-Norman BN-2A-6 Islander off Vieques: 5 killed

Date & Time: Dec 19, 1977 at 0748 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N862JA
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Christiansted – Vieques
MSN:
184
YOM:
1970
Country:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
9
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
5
Captain / Total flying hours:
5031
Captain / Total hours on type:
1010.00
Circumstances:
While approaching Vieques on a flight from Christiansted, both engines failed simultaneously. The pilot attempted to ditch the aircraft that crashed into the sea few miles offshore. Five passengers were killed and five other occupants were injured .
Probable cause:
Double engine failure during normal cruise and ditching due to inadequate preflight preparation on part of the pilot. The following contributing factors were reported:
- Mismanagement of fuel,
- Fuel exhaustion,
- Forced landing off airport on water.
Final Report: