Crash of a Boeing KC-135A-BN Stratotanker in Wichita: 30 killed

Date & Time: Jan 16, 1965 at 1030 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
57-1442
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
McConnell - McConnell
MSN:
17513
YOM:
1958
Flight number:
501
Location:
Crew on board:
7
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
30
Circumstances:
Shortly after takeoff from McConnell AFB, while climbing to a height of 500-700 feet, the captain sent a first distress call while the aircraft experienced a large amount of yaw. The crew elected to return for a safe landing and began to dump large quantities of fuel from the aircraft's refueling tanks. Shortly after this, the aircraft made a hard bank to the left, and began to enter a roll. Out of control, the airplane dove into the ground and crashed at the intersection of Piatt and 20th Street, just three minutes after takeoff, some 7 miles north-northwest of the airbase. The aerial refueling aircraft was loaded with 31,000 US gallons of jet fuel and the crash resulted in a large explosion and subsequent fire, which engulfed dozens of homes. The accident killed all seven crew members on board the aircraft and 23 people on the ground. In addition, 27 other people on the ground sustained injuries, three of which were serious. It was reported that the crew entry door was jettisoned and a B-52 Stratofortress bomber, which took off prior to the KC-135, may have blown a detached drag chute from an F-105 Thunderchief against the departing aircraft.
Probable cause:
Ten months after the accident, the U.S. Air Force issued an official accident report which stated that the crash was caused by "a rudder control system malfunction" which was impossible for the crew to overcome.

Crash of a Vickers 648 Varsity T.1 in Gloucester: 2 killed

Date & Time: Mar 27, 1963
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
G-APAZ
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Gloucester - Gloucester
MSN:
561
YOM:
1957
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Circumstances:
The crew was engaged in a local training flight. Shortly after takeoff from runway 22 at Gloucester-Staverton Airport, while climbing to a height of 600-700 feet, the airplane stalled and crashed on the roof of a house located on Tuffley Avenue. Both pilots were killed while three people leaving in the house were uninjured. The aircraft was destroyed.
Probable cause:
Selection of the starboard engine 'idle-cut-off' switch to CUT-OFF instead of the port to the RUN position, when attempting to re-start the port engine, resulted in a complete loss of power at a low height and the aircraft struck a house in the ensuing crash-landing.

Crash of a Douglas C-47A-80-DL in Ankara: 52 killed

Date & Time: Feb 1, 1963 at 1513 LT
Operator:
Registration:
CBK-28
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Ankara - Ankara
MSN:
19668
YOM:
1944
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
52
Captain / Total hours on type:
1452.00
Copilot / Total hours on type:
36
Aircraft flight hours:
2340
Circumstances:
Middle East Airlines flight 265, a Vickers Viscount registered OD-ADE, was descending for Ankara-Esenboğa Airport, Turkey and had been cleared for an approach to runway 03. Last radio contact was at 13:09 hours GMT when the flight reported being over the Ankara NDB at 8000 feet, descending for 6500 feet. The crew would contact Ankara again over the NDB when inbound. Earlier in the day, at 11:22 GMT, a Douglas C-47 transport plane of the Turkish Air Force (CBK-28) had taken off from Ankara's Etimesgut Air Base for an instrument training flight in the southeast region of the Gölbasi beacon. The duration of the flight was planned for 1 hour 30 minutes . In this type of flight the student pilot is normally seated in the left-hand seat, an orange plexiglass panel is placed in front of him on the left half of the windshield, and he wears dark blue glasses. The instructor is in the right-hand seat and is able to maintain a lookout. The training manoeuvres had been completed, and the aircraft was returning to Etimesgut flying under visual flight rules by the time MEA flight 265 was descending for Esenboğa Airport. The Viscount, cruising on a heading of 283°, collided with the C-47 which was flying on a heading of 243° towards Etimesgut. The lower right-hand-side of the Viscount's nose and the starboard wing struck the C-47 from behind at a 40° angle in the door area on its port side. Propeller no. 3 also struck the C-47's left horizontal stabilizer, cutting it off. The blade ends broke off and remained with the tail unit of the C-47 near the base of the left horizontal stabilizer. The blade of propeller no. 4 cut the underside of the tip of the right horizontal stabilizer. Both aircraft flew together for a very short time then separated. The tail unit of the C-47 having been cut off, the C-47 fell vertically immediately thereafter. Prior to being cut off, the left horizontal stabilizer of the C-47 damaged the starboard side skin covering of the Viscount in the vicinity of the passenger cabin windows. This piece of skin covering broke off, and some of the passengers fell out through this hole. The Viscount flew a very short while following the separation of the two aircraft, then nosed down and fell. Both aircraft crashed into a residential area of Ankara, killing 87 people on the ground. 50 others were seriously injured.
Probable cause:
The Viscount aircraft had an IFR flight plan but was cruising under VFR conditions when it hit, with the lower side of the nose and with its starboard wing, the C-47 aircraft of the Turkish Air Force between the door on the port side of the fuselage and the tail group at an angle of forty degrees from the left rear and at an angle of approximately five to ten degrees upward. It cut off, with its starboard inner (No.3) propeller, the port side horizontal stabilizer of the C-47 aircraft. The pilots of the Viscount aircraft did not see the C-47 aircraft cruising below 7000 feet on their right-hand side forward, and the Viscount, having a higher speed, caught up with the C-47 from the left rear. At the last moment the Viscount pilots saw the C-47 and tried to avoid the collision by pulling up, but they did not succeed. The following findings were reported:
- The Viscount pilot made an estimation error of two minutes on the distance between Gölbasi and the Ankara NDB,
- His radiocommunications did not conform to the standard international conversation procedures,
- The C-47 was returning to Etimesgut Airport under visual flight rules (VFR) following an instrument training flight,
- These training flights are scheduled to be carried out below 7 000 ft with the trainee-pilot behind blind flight panels and the instructor-pilot sitting so as to be able to see outside thoroughly, The flights normally last for 1 hour- and 30 minutes, however, the instructor is authorized to extend this period if he deems it necessary,
- The C-47 was subjected to an impact from the port side rear at an angle of 40° and from the bottom to the top upwards at an angle of approximately 5 to 10°. The Viscount's flaps were set at 32° down, and the gear was down and locked. The aircraft collided over the City of Ankara at an altitude less than 7 000 feet.
Final Report:

Crash of a Vickers 754 Viscount in Ankara: 52 killed

Date & Time: Feb 1, 1963 at 1513 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
OD-ADE
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Beirut – Nicosia – Ankara
MSN:
244
YOM:
1957
Flight number:
ME265
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
11
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
52
Captain / Total hours on type:
2925.00
Copilot / Total hours on type:
4200
Circumstances:
Middle East Airlines flight 265, a Vickers Viscount registered OD-ADE, was descending for Ankara-Esenboğa Airport, Turkey and had been cleared for an approach to runway 03. Last radio contact was at 13:09 hours GMT when the flight reported being over the Ankara NDB at 8000 feet, descending for 6500 feet. The crew would contact Ankara again over the NDB when inbound. Earlier in the day, at 11:22 GMT, a Douglas C-47 transport plane of the Turkish Air Force (CBK-28) had taken off from Ankara's Etimesgut Air Base for an instrument training flight in the southeast region of the Gölbasi beacon. The duration of the flight was planned for 1 hour 30 minutes . In this type of flight the student pilot is normally seated in the left-hand seat, an orange plexiglass panel is placed in front of him on the left half of the windshield, and he wears dark blue glasses. The instructor is in the right-hand seat and is able to maintain a lookout. The training manoeuvres had been completed, and the aircraft was returning to Etimesgut flying under visual flight rules by the time MEA flight 265 was descending for Esenboğa Airport. The Viscount, cruising on a heading of 283°, collided with the C-47 which was flying on a heading of 243° towards Etimesgut. The lower right-hand-side of the Viscount's nose and the starboard wing struck the C-47 from behind at a 40° angle in the door area on its port side. Propeller no. 3 also struck the C-47's left horizontal stabilizer, cutting it off. The blade ends broke off and remained with the tail unit of the C-47 near the base of the left horizontal stabilizer. The blade of propeller no. 4 cut the underside of the tip of the right horizontal stabilizer. Both aircraft flew together for a very short time then separated. The tail unit of the C-47 having been cut off, the C-47 fell vertically immediately thereafter. Prior to being cut off, the left horizontal stabilizer of the C-47 damaged the starboard side skin covering of the Viscount in the vicinity of the passenger cabin windows. This piece of skin covering broke off, and some of the passengers fell out through this hole. The Viscount flew a very short while following the separation of the two aircraft, then nosed down and fell. Both aircraft crashed into a residential area of Ankara, killing 87 people on the ground. 50 others were seriously injured.
Probable cause:
The Viscount aircraft had an IFR flight plan but was cruising under VFR conditions when it hit, with the lower side of the nose and with its starboard wing, the C-47 aircraft of the Turkish Air Force between the door on the port side of the fuselage and the tail group at an angle of forty degrees from the left rear and at an angle of approximately five to ten degrees upward. It cut off, with its starboard inner (No.3) propeller, the port side horizontal stabilizer of the C-47 aircraft. The pilots of the Viscount aircraft did not see the C-47 aircraft cruising below 7000 feet on their right-hand side forward, and the Viscount, having a higher speed, caught up with the C-47 from the left rear. At the last moment the Viscount pilots saw the C-47 and tried to avoid the collision by pulling up, but they did not succeed. The following findings were reported:
- The Viscount pilot made an estimation error of two minutes on the distance between Gölbasi and the Ankara NDB,
- His radiocommunications did not conform to the standard international conversation procedures,
- The C-47 was returning to Etimesgut Airport under visual flight rules (VFR) following an instrument training flight,
- These training flights are scheduled to be carried out below 7 000 ft with the trainee-pilot behind blind flight panels and the instructor-pilot sitting so as to be able to see outside thoroughly, The flights normally last for 1 hour- and 30 minutes, however, the instructor is authorized to extend this period if he deems it necessary,
- The C-47 was subjected to an impact from the port side rear at an angle of 40° and from the bottom to the top upwards at an angle of approximately 5 to 10°. The Viscount's flaps were set at 32° down, and the gear was down and locked. The aircraft collided over the City of Ankara at an altitude less than 7 000 feet.
Final Report:

Crash of a Convair CV-240-0 in São Paulo: 13 killed

Date & Time: Jan 15, 1963 at 1612 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
PP-CEV
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Schedule:
Rio de Janeiro – São Paulo
MSN:
6
YOM:
1948
Flight number:
SC403
Country:
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
40
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
13
Circumstances:
While descending to São Paulo-Congonhas Airport, the crew encountered poor weather conditions with heavy rain falls and low visibility. As a result, ATC instructed the crew to make a go around and to divert to another airport. The pilot-in-command started the go around manoeuvre when control was lost. The airplane stalled and crashed onto several houses located in the district of Jabaquara, less than one km short of runway 35. Three houses were destroyed and the airplane as well. A crew member, five passengers and seven people on the ground were killed while 39 other occupants were injured.
Probable cause:
Control was lost while attempting a go around manoeuvre due top the failure of the left engine. It was reported that the crew failed to react properly to an emergency situation due, among others, to a lack of training.

Crash of a Fokker F27 Friendship 100 in Manila: 3 killed

Date & Time: Oct 12, 1962
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
PI-C503
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Manila - Manila
MSN:
10191
YOM:
1961
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Aircraft flight hours:
2186
Aircraft flight cycles:
1264
Circumstances:
Shortly after takeoff from Manila-Intl Airport, while climbing, the airplane went out of control and crashed in the suburb of Parañaque located south of the airfield. The aircraft was destroyed and all three crew members were killed while there were no casualties on the ground. The crew was involved in a local training flight at the time of the accident.
Probable cause:
It would be inconclusive for the Board to advance any definitive cause(s) of this accident. The airplane was in emergency a few seconds before it crash-landed. It is, however, deduced that the emergency landing was in all probability attributed to the error on the part of the crew, in that the attempt to relight the left engine, presumable during the process thereof, the right engine was instead, and unintentionally taken for granted. Factors contributing to the accident were the very short time and the relatively low altitude.

Crash of a Lockheed P2V-5FE Neptune in Los Alamitos AAF: 9 killed

Date & Time: Sep 12, 1962
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Los Alamitos - Los Alamitos
Crew on board:
9
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
9
Circumstances:
Shortly after takeoff from runway 22 at Los Alamitos AAF, while climbing, the airplane went out of control and crashed in the suburb of Seal Beach, about 3,5 miles southwest of the airport. All nine crew members were killed while there were no casualties on the ground.

Crash of a Curtiss C-46D-5-CU Commando in San Pedro Sula: 5 killed

Date & Time: May 21, 1962
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
HR-196P
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
San Pedro Sula – Tegucigalpa
MSN:
30533
YOM:
1944
Country:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
5
Circumstances:
Shortly after takeoff from San Pedro Sula-Ramon Villeda Morales Airport, while climbing, the airplane went out of control and crashed in flames in a residential area. Both pilots and three people on the ground were killed. Several building and the aircraft were destroyed.

Crash of a Douglas C-47A-90-DL in Budapest: 30 killed

Date & Time: Aug 6, 1961
Operator:
Registration:
HA-TSA
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Budapest - Budapest
MSN:
20492
YOM:
1944
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
23
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
30
Circumstances:
The aircraft was completing a local sightseeing flight over Budapest when descending to Ferihegy Airport, the airplane crashed onto a building and was destroyed by impact forces and a post crash fire. All 27 occupants and three people on the ground were killed.
Probable cause:
It was determined that the accident was caused by carelessness on the part of the crew. The commission said the pilots had two friends in the cabin during the whole flight and the pilots had performed various forbidden maneuvers and in one sharp turn, lost control of the aircraft.

Crash of a Convair C-131D Samaritan in Munich: 53 killed

Date & Time: Dec 17, 1960 at 1410 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
55-0291
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Munich – Northolt
MSN:
212
YOM:
1955
Location:
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
7
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
13
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
53
Circumstances:
The aircraft was engaged in a special flight from Munich to RAF Northolt, near London, carrying British students who were flying back home for Christmas and a crew of seven. One minute after takeoff from Munich-Riem Airport, while climbing to an altitude of 1,000 meters, the crew informed ground about the failure of the left engine and obtained the permission to return for an emergency landing. Few seconds later, the copilot informed ground that he was unable to control the loss of altitude. In a limited visibility due to fog (800 meters horizontal and 40 meters vertical), the airplane struck the top of the St Paul church with its left wing and crashed in a huge explosion in the center of a commercial district of Munich. The airplane exploded while hitting a tramway, several cars and people and debris were scattered in the street and several shops as well. All 20 occupants on board the aircraft were killed as well as 33 people on the ground, essentially people sitting in the tramway. Nine other people were seriously injured.
Probable cause:
Its is believed that the failure of the left engine was caused by the combination of the following factors:
- The fuel line, the fuel tank and the fuel pump were contaminated with water,
- Due to low temperature and icing conditions, the carburetor performances were reduced,
- The crew encountered engine difficulties prior to takeoff but apparently decided to continue the procedure.