Crash of a Cessna 402A in Open Bay

Date & Time: Aug 28, 1975
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
P2-PAU
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
402A-0118
YOM:
1969
Region:
Crew on board:
0
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
Crashed in unknown circumstances into Open Bay. No casualties.

Crash of a Douglas C-47 B-35-DK in Mtwara

Date & Time: Aug 27, 1975 at 0922 LT
Operator:
Registration:
5Y-AAF
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Dar es-Salaam – Mtwara – Nachingmea
MSN:
16577/33325
YOM:
1945
Flight number:
EC087
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
16
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
2884
Copilot / Total flying hours:
411
Aircraft flight hours:
37365
Circumstances:
The aircraft departed Dar es Salaam with three crew and 16 passengers. Flight EC087 was scheduled to call at Lindi and Nachingwea with the service terminating at Nachingwea. Due to the non availability of fuel at Dar es Salaam, the aircraft made an unscheduled stop at Mtwara to refuel with sufficient fuel for the return service EC088 to Dar es Salaam. The weather at Mtwara was reported fine with the wind light and variable. At the time of the landing, the wind direction was given as 030 and 8 knots. The aircraft made the approach and landing using standard procedures and touched down at a point some 1,000 feet from the threshold of runway 19. After a ground roll of 150 feet, the aircraft commenced a swing to the left side of the runway, it then rolled another 350 feet and swung to the right continued on this course, leaving the runway and skidding for approximately 180 feet before it came to rest having turned 135° from the direction of the landing. Both landing gear assys collapsed due to excessive side loads applied to the structure, substantial damage was caused to the centre section structure and nacelles. The port propeller was damaged. The passengers and crew were able to evacuate the aircraft with the aid of tile ground rescue services. Two passengers were taken to hospital and treated for shock.
Probable cause:
The most probable cause of the accident was the failure of the pilot to initiate corrective action to prevent the aircraft from turning off the runway.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas C-49J-DO in Ipiales

Date & Time: Aug 22, 1975 at 1715 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
HK-1517E
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Ipiales - Cali
MSN:
4997
YOM:
1942
Country:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
14
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
During the takeoff roll at Ipiales-San Luis Airport in heavy rain falls, control was lost. The airplane veered off runway and came to rest. All 17 occupants escaped with minor injuries and the airplane was damaged beyond repair.

Crash of an Ilyushin II-62 near Damascus: 126 killed

Date & Time: Aug 20, 1975 at 0113 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
OK-DBF
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Schedule:
Prague - Damascus - Baghdad - Tehran
MSN:
31502
YOM:
1973
Flight number:
OK542
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
11
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
117
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
126
Circumstances:
While approaching Damascus International Airport by night and excellent weather conditions, the crew failed to realize his altitude was insufficient when the airplane struck the ground at an altitude of 605 meters AMSL and crashed in flames in a desert area located about 18 km from the airport. Rescue teams arrived on scene about 30 minutes later and two passengers, two Syrian citizens, were rescued. All 126 other occupants were killed, among them 67 Czechs, 55 Syrians, 3 Polish and one East-German. At the time of the accident, weather conditions were ideal with good visibility despite the night and a wind from 230° at 10 knots.
Probable cause:
The exact cause of the accident could not be determined with certainty. However, it is believed that the accident may have been caused by a wrong altimeter setting after the crew mixed QNH and QFE values.

Crash of a Douglas C-47A-90-DL in Bosaso

Date & Time: Aug 16, 1975
Operator:
Registration:
6O-SAC
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Bosaso - Gaalkacyo - Mogadishu
MSN:
20424
YOM:
1944
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
8
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
At takeoff from Bosaso-Bender Qaasim Airport, while in initial climb, the left engine failed. The airplane stalled, struck the runway surface and crashed. All 11 occupants were injured while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.
Probable cause:
The left engine failed because the fuel was contaminated with water. The crew was unable to maintain a safe rate of climb because of a high aircraft weight and a high OAT.

Crash of a Yakovlev Yak-40 in Krasnovodsk: 23 killed

Date & Time: Aug 15, 1975 at 2201 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-87323
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Bakou – Krasnovodsk – Ashkhabad
MSN:
9 33 02 30
YOM:
1973
Flight number:
SU053A
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
34
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
23
Aircraft flight hours:
2130
Aircraft flight cycles:
1914
Circumstances:
On approach to Krasnovodsk Airport by night, the crew encountered marginal weather conditions and at an approximate altitude of 300 meters while on a distance of 5 km from the airfield, the aircraft's speed dropped from 260 km/h to 200 km/h with a rate of descent of 2,5 meters per second. The crew elected to correct this configuration but the aircraft continued to descend until it struck, at a speed of 150 km/h, a rocky cliff situated on the shore of the Caspian Sea, some 159 meters above sea level and located about 4,700 meters short of runway threshold. Upon impact, the right engine and the right wing were torn off, the aircraft bounced and then crashed in flames few dozen meters further. Two crew members and 21 passengers were killed while 15 other occupants were injured.
Probable cause:
It was determined that the aircraft was caught by orographic turbulence on final approach whose speed was about 30 meters per second (108 km/h). This caused the aircraft to lose altitude and speed and any correction from the flying crew was unsuccessful. The following contributing factors were reported:
- Lack of knowledge on part of the meteorologist about the characteristics of such specific climate phenomenon,
- The absence of a system able to detect such phenomenon,
- The crew inexperience in such flight conditions.

Crash of a Britten-Norman BN-2A Islander in Naoro

Date & Time: Aug 14, 1975
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
P2-ATX
Flight Phase:
MSN:
126
YOM:
1970
Location:
Region:
Crew on board:
0
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
Crashed in unknown circumstances. Occupant's fate unknown.

Crash of a Britten-Norman BN-2A Islander on El Porvenir Island

Date & Time: Aug 8, 1975
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
HP-677
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
49
YOM:
1969
Country:
Crew on board:
0
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
On short final, the twin engine airplane struck the ground few meters short of runway threshold and crashed. There were no casualties.

Crash of a Boeing 727-224 in Denver

Date & Time: Aug 7, 1975 at 1611 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N88777
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Denver - Wichita
MSN:
19798/608
YOM:
1968
Flight number:
CO426
Crew on board:
7
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
124
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
11465
Captain / Total hours on type:
483.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
6555
Copilot / Total hours on type:
998
Aircraft flight hours:
23850
Circumstances:
The takeoff from Denver-Stapleton Airport was completed from runway 35L in poor weather conditions. At that time, a thunderstorm with associated rain showers was moving over the northern portion of the airport. The Thunderstorm was surrounded by numerous other thunderstorms and associated rain showers but none of these were in the immediate vicinity of the airport. After liftoff, the airplane reached an altitude of 100 feet then lost about 41 kt of indicated airspeed in 5 seconds. The aircraft struck the ground 11.6 seconds after the airspeed began to decrease. The aircraft first hit the ground 387 feet south of the departure end of runway 35L and 106 feet to the right of the runway centerline. The aircraft continued northward to a second impact area about 135 feet north of the end of the first area. The main portion of the second area was 55 feet long and 4 feet wide. The aircraft slid northward from this area and came to rest about 1,600 feet north of the departure end of runway 35L and about 160 feet to the right of the extended runway centerline. All 131 occupants were evacuated, 15 of them were injured.
Probable cause:
The aircraft's encounter, immediately following take-off, with severe windshear at an altitude and airspeed which precluded recovery level flight; the windshear caused the aircraft to descend at a rate which could not be overcome even though the aircraft was flown at or near its maximum lift capability throughout the encounter. The windshear was generated by the outflow from a thunderstorm which was over the aircraft's departure path.
Final Report:

Crash of a Britten-Norman BN-2A-7 Islander near Kasangulu

Date & Time: Aug 7, 1975
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
9Q-CYB
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
633
YOM:
1971
Region:
Crew on board:
0
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
En route, the pilot encountered technical problems and was forced to attempt an emergency landing. The twin engine airplane crashed 16 km from Kasangulu and was damaged beyond repair. There were no casualties.