Country
Russia

Crash of a Tupolev ANT-9 in Nemirovo: 9 killed

Date & Time: Nov 6, 1936 at 1838 LT
Type of aircraft:
Tupolev ANT-9 (PS-9)
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-D311
Flight Phase:
Flight
Flight Type:
Scheduled Revenue Flight
Survivors:
No
Site:
Plain, Valley
Schedule:
Berlin – Königsberg – Velikiye Luki – Moscow
MSN:
160
YOM:
1933
Location:
Nemirovo
Moscow oblast
Country:
Russia
Region:
Asia
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
7
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
9
Circumstances:
The airplane named 'Yastreb' departed Berlin on a regular schedule flight to Moscow with intermediate stop in Königsberg (now Kaliningrad) and Velikiye Luki, Tver oblast. After two Japanese citizens get on board, the aircraft departed Velikiye Luki Airport at 1626LT on the final leg to Moscow-Bykovo Airport. The crew continued the flight at an altitude of 200 metres with regular radio communications with ATC. After passing Rzhev, the crew continued at night and the visibility was limited. At an altitude of 140 metres, the airplane collided with trees and crashed in a wooded area located in Nemirovo, some 27 km southwest of Volokolamsk. The aircraft was totally destroyed and all nine occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
The accident was the consequence of a controlled flight into terrain after the decision of the crew to continue the flight at at unsafe altitude of 140 metres, causing the aircraft to collide with trees near Nemirovo, the highest point of the area. The total weight of the aircraft was high because the crew made full fuel at Velikiye Luki Airport, which was considered as aggravating circumstances as well as the absence of radio navigation en route.

Crash of a Tupolev ANT-9 in Kulob: 6 killed

Date & Time: Jul 27, 1936 at 1435 LT
Type of aircraft:
Tupolev ANT-9 (PS-9)
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-L192
Flight Phase:
Landing (descent or approach)
Flight Type:
Scheduled Revenue Flight
Survivors:
No
Site:
Airport (less than 10 km from airport)
Schedule:
Stalinabad - Kulob
MSN:
193
YOM:
1934
Location:
Kulob
Khatlon Province
Country:
Tajikistan
Region:
Asia
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
4
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
6
Aircraft flight hours:
1452
Aircraft flight cycles:
857
Circumstances:
The airplane departed Stalinabad on a regular service to Kulob, carrying four passengers, two pilots and a load of 502 kg of various goods, 97 kg of mail and 54 kg of luggage. Following a downwind leg, while flying over the runway at a height of 10 metres, ready for landing, the pilot-in-command increased the engine power and initiated a go-around procedure. The airplane climbed to a height of 30 metres in an excessive nose-up attitude then stalled and crashed, bursting into flames. The aircraft was totally destroyed and all six occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
The accident was the consequence of a series of errors on part of the pilot-in-command who, following a downwind approach, initiated a go-around as the landing procedure was obviously missed. At that point, he increased the throttle too sharply while the stabilizers were not in the correct position, resulting in the aircraft entering an excessive nose-up attitude followed by an aerodynamic stall.
The following contributing factors were identified:
- No technical anomalies were found with the aircraft, its equipment or the engine;
- Wrong approach configuration;
- Incorrect actions during the go-around procedure;
- Lack of discipline;
- Overconfidence of the captain;
- Crew fatigue;
- Absence of a crew work conditions monitoring system.

Crash of a Tupolev ANT-9 in Stalinabad

Date & Time: May 23, 1936
Type of aircraft:
Tupolev ANT-9 (PS-9)
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-L183
Flight Phase:
Landing (descent or approach)
Flight Type:
Scheduled Revenue Flight
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Airport (less than 10 km from airport)
MSN:
184
YOM:
1934
Location:
Dushanbe
Districts of Republican Subordination
Country:
Tajikistan
Region:
Asia
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The airplane crashed for unknown reasons upon landing at Stalinabad Airport. Both crew members were injured.

Crash of a Tupolev ANT-9 in Moscow

Date & Time: Oct 22, 1934
Type of aircraft:
Tupolev ANT-9 (PS-9)
Operator:
Registration:
D-2831
Flight Phase:
Landing (descent or approach)
Flight Type:
Scheduled Revenue Flight
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Airport (less than 10 km from airport)
Schedule:
Berlin - Moscow
MSN:
145
YOM:
1933
Location:
Moscow
Moscow oblast
Country:
Russia
Region:
Asia
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
1
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
On final approach to Moscow Airport, the crew encountered poor weather conditions. Apparently to establish a visual contact with the ground, the crew reduced his altitude when the aircraft impacted trees and crashed in a wooded area located 5 km from Shakhovskaya, in the suburb of Moscow. All three occupants were injured and the aircraft was destroyed.

Crash of a Tupolev ANT-9 in Balkhash: 10 killed

Date & Time: Jul 27, 1934 at 1300 LT
Type of aircraft:
Tupolev ANT-9 (PS-9)
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-L130
Flight Phase:
Landing (descent or approach)
Flight Type:
Scheduled Revenue Flight
Survivors:
No
Site:
Airport (less than 10 km from airport)
Schedule:
Alma-Ata – Karaganda – Taldykorgan – Balkhash
MSN:
131
YOM:
1932
Location:
Balkhash
Karagandy
Country:
Kazakhstan
Region:
Asia
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
8
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
10
Aircraft flight hours:
179
Circumstances:
The airplane departed Alma-Ata on a flight to Balkhash with intermediate stops in Karaganda and Taldykorgan. Following a wrong approach configuration to Balkhash Airport, the pilot led the airplane descending with a crosswind component which caused the airplane to land on one landing gear only. The pilot increased engine power and initiated a go-around procedure. During the circuit, the airplane encountered wind up to 47 km/h and due to inappropriate techniques on part of the pilot-in-command, the aircraft descended to a height of 20 metres. While completing a turn, it stalled and crashed 2 km from the runway, bursting into flames. The aircraft was destroyed and all 10 occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
The immediate cause of the accident was a violation by the pilot of the article 175 of the flight manual, making a turn at a too low altitude on final. It was determined that the pilot was inexperienced on this type of aircraft and that he was dispatched in a solo position while he was not certified for. Investigations revealed that the administration released his solo position the day after the accident.

Crash of a Tupolev ANT-9 in Kazan

Date & Time: Aug 18, 1933 at 1821 LT
Type of aircraft:
Tupolev ANT-9 (PS-9)
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-L150
Flight Phase:
Landing (descent or approach)
Flight Type:
Test
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Airport (less than 10 km from airport)
Schedule:
Kazan - Kazan
MSN:
151
YOM:
1933
Location:
Kazan
Republic of Tatarstan
Country:
Russia
Region:
Asia
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
9
Pax fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The three engine airplane departed Kazan on a local test flight, carrying nine passengers and two crew members, one pilot and one mechanic. After a local flight of about 13 minutes, the crew decided to return to the airport. On short final, at a height of about 30-35 metres, the airplane collided with a Polikarpov U-2 registered CCCP-S227. Operated by Osoaviakhima (Kazan Aero Club), the airplane was completing a local flight with two pilots on board. It appears that on final, the Polikarpov was flying above the ANT-9 and cut his track before the collision occurred. The Polikarpov dove into the ground and was destroyed. Both pilots were seriously injured and died two hours later. The Tupolev continued for few seconds before it crashed near the runway, coming to rest broken in two. All 11 occupants were slightly injured.
Probable cause:
It was determined that the collision was the consequence of a poor organization between the crew and the Kazan Airport Authorities as no proper procedures were in place at the time of the accident for such test flight. The pilot of the Polikarpov failed to bring attention to potential traffic and did not realize the presence of the second aircraft. On his side, the pilot of the ANT-9 was unable to see the Polikarpov flying above him due to the upper wings position.

Crash of a Tupolev ANT-9 in Moscow: 4 killed

Date & Time: May 10, 1932 at 0950 LT
Type of aircraft:
Tupolev ANT-9 (PS-9)
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-L128
Flight Phase:
Landing (descent or approach)
Flight Type:
Test
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Airport (less than 10 km from airport)
Schedule:
Moscow - Moscow
MSN:
129
YOM:
1932
Location:
Moscow
Moscow oblast
Country:
Russia
Region:
Asia
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
9
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
4
Aircraft flight hours:
8
Circumstances:
The three engine airplane departed Moscow-Frunze Central Aerodrome in the morning on a local test flight, carrying nine passengers including one child and two crew members, one mechanic and one pilot. While cruising at an altitude of 900 metres, the mechanic informed the pilot about an oil leak below the right engine cowling. The pilot reduced his altitude and decided to divert to the Moscow-Oktyabrskoye Airfield. On final approach, at a height of 125 metres and at a speed of 120 km/h with both central and left engine at full power, the aircraft rolled to the right, stalled and crashed in a wooded area. The pilot and three passengers were killed while seven other occupants were injured.
Probable cause:
It was determined that the oil leak on the right engine was the consequence of the failure of an hydraulic pump. The following contributing factors were identified:
- The aircrafts' speed on approach was insufficient, despite both central and left engine were at full power,
- The pilot was panicking,
- Relative strong wind component at the time of the accident,
- The presence of passengers on board during a test flight, when they could be replaced by lest.
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