Crash of a Cessna 402B in Acandí: 2 killed

Date & Time: Nov 17, 2015 at 1054 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
HK-4981G
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Schedule:
Acandí – Medellín
MSN:
402B-1042
YOM:
1976
Location:
Country:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
9
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Circumstances:
Shortly after takeoff from Acandí-Alcides Fernandez Airport, while in initial climb, the twin engine aircraft stalled and crashed in a house located in the district of Miramar, near the airport. The pilot and a passenger were killed and eight other occupants were injured. There were no victims on the ground and the aircraft was destroyed.
Probable cause:
Stall during initial climb due to the combination of the following factors:
- The total weight of the aircraft was above the MTOW,
- The CofG was outside the enveloppe,
- Poor flight planning.

Crash of a BAe 125-700A in Akron: 9 killed

Date & Time: Nov 10, 2015 at 1453 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N237WR
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Dayton – Akron
MSN:
257072
YOM:
1979
Flight number:
EFT1526
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
7
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
9
Captain / Total flying hours:
6170
Captain / Total hours on type:
1020.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
4382
Copilot / Total hours on type:
482
Aircraft flight hours:
14948
Aircraft flight cycles:
11075
Circumstances:
The aircraft departed controlled flight while on a non precision localizer approach to runway 25 at Akron Fulton International Airport (AKR) and impacted a four-unit apartment building in Akron, Ohio. The captain, first officer, and seven passengers died; no one on the ground was injured. The airplane was destroyed by impact forces and post crash fire. The airplane was registered to Rais Group International NC LLC and operated by Execuflight under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 135 as an on-demand charter flight. Instrument meteorological conditions prevailed, and an instrument flight rules flight plan was filed. The flight departed from Dayton-Wright Brothers Airport, Dayton, Ohio, about 1413 and was destined for AKR. Contrary to Execuflight’s informal practice of the captain acting as pilot flying on flights carrying revenue passengers, the first officer was the pilot flying, and the captain was the pilot monitoring. While en route, the flight crew began preparing for the approach into AKR. Although company standard operating procedures (SOPs) specified that the pilot flying was to brief the approach, the captain agreed to the first officer’s request that the captain brief the approach. The ensuing approach briefing was unstructured, inconsistent, and incomplete, and the approach checklist was not completed. As a result, the captain and first officer did not have a shared understanding of how the approach was to be conducted. As the airplane neared AKR, the approach controller instructed the flight to reduce speed because it was following a slower airplane on the approach. To reduce speed, the first officer began configuring the airplane for landing, lowering the landing gear and likely extending the flaps to 25° (the airplane was not equipped with a flight data recorder, nor was it required to be). When the flight was about 4 nautical miles from the final approach fix (FAF), the approach controller cleared the flight for the localizer 25 approach and instructed the flight to maintain 3,000 ft mean sea level (msl) until established on the localizer. The airplane was already established on the localizer when the approach clearance was issued and could have descended to the FAF minimum crossing altitude of 2,300 ft msl. However, the first officer did not initiate a descent, the captain failed to notice, and the airplane remained level at 3,000 ft msl. As the first officer continued to slow the airplane from about 150 to 125 knots, the captain made several comments about the decaying speed, which was well below the proper approach speed with 25° flaps of 144 knots. The first officer’s speed reduction placed the airplane in danger of an aerodynamic stall if the speed continued to decay, but the first officer apparently did not realize it. The first officer’s lack of awareness and his difficulty flying the airplane to standards should have prompted the captain to take control of the airplane or call for a missed approach, but he did not do so. Before the airplane reached the FAF, the first officer requested 45° flaps and reduced power, and the airplane began to descend. The first officer’s use of flaps 45° was contrary to Execuflight’s Hawker 700A non precision approach profile, which required the airplane to be flown at flaps 25° until after descending to the minimum descent altitude (MDA) and landing was assured; however, the captain did not question the first officer’s decision to conduct the approach with flaps 45°. The airplane crossed the FAF at an altitude of about 2,700 ft msl, which was 400 ft higher than the published minimum crossing altitude of 2,300 ft msl. Because the airplane was high on the approach, it was out of position to use a normal descent rate of 1,000 feet per minute (fpm) to the MDA. The airplane’s rate of descent quickly increased to 2,000 fpm, likely due to the first officer attempting to salvage the approach by increasing the rate of descent, exacerbated by the increased drag resulting from the improper flaps 45° configuration. The captain instructed the first officer not to descend so rapidly but did not attempt to take control of the airplane even though he was responsible for safety of the flight. As the airplane continued to descend on the approach, the captain did not make the required callouts regarding approaching and reaching the MDA, and the first officer did not arrest the descent at the MDA. When the airplane reached the MDA, which was about 500 ft above the touchdown zone elevation, the point at which Execuflight’s procedures dictated that the approach must be stabilized, the airspeed was 11 knots below the minimum required airspeed of 124 knots, and the airplane was improperly configured with 45° flaps. The captain should have determined that the approach was unstabilized and initiated a missed approach, but he did not do so. About 14 seconds after the airplane descended below the MDA, the captain instructed the first officer to level off. As a result of the increased drag due to the improper flaps 45° configuration and the low airspeed, the airplane entered a stalled condition when the first officer attempted to arrest the descent. About 7 seconds after the captain’s instruction to level off, the cockpit voice recorder (CVR) recorded the first sounds of impact.
Probable cause:
The National Transportation Safety Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was the flight crew’s mismanagement of the approach and multiple deviations from company standard operating procedures, which placed the airplane in an unsafe situation and led to an unstabilized approach, a descent below minimum descent altitude without visual contact with the runway environment, and an aerodynamic stall. Contributing to the accident were Execuflight’s casual attitude toward compliance with standards; its inadequate hiring, training, and operational oversight of the flight crew; the company’s lack of a formal safety program; and the Federal Aviation Administration’s insufficient oversight of the company’s training program and flight operations.
Final Report:

Crash of a Beechcraft B60 Duke in Bogotá: 9 killed

Date & Time: Oct 18, 2015 at 1619 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
HK-3917G
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Bogotá - Bogotá
MSN:
P-410
YOM:
1977
Country:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
3
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
9
Captain / Total flying hours:
4916
Aircraft flight hours:
1788
Circumstances:
The twin engine aircraft departed Bogotá-El Dorado on a short flight to Bogotá-Guaymaral Airport, carrying three passengers and one pilot. Three minutes after takeoff from runway 13L, while climbing to a height of 200 feet in VFR conditions, the airplane entered a left turn then descended into the ground and crashed into several houses located in the district of Engativá, near the airport, bursting into flames. The aircraft as well as several houses and vehicles were destroyed. All four occupants as well as five people on the ground were killed. Thirteen others were injured, seven seriously.
Probable cause:
The pilot lost control of the airplane following a loss of power on the left engine during initial climb. Investigations were unable to determine the exact cause of this loss of power. The aircraft's speed dropped to 107 knots and the pilot likely did not have time to identify the problem. Operation from a high density altitude airport contributed to the accident.
Final Report:

Crash of a Dornier DO228-212 in Kaduna: 7 killed

Date & Time: Aug 29, 2015 at 0647 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
NAF030
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Kaduna – Abuja
MSN:
8219
YOM:
1993
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
3
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
7
Circumstances:
Shortly after takeoff from the Kaduna Military Airfield, while climbing, the aircraft went out of control and crashed into a house located in the Ribadu Cantonment, bursting into flames. All seven occupants (two pilots, two engineers and three passengers) were killed.

Crash of a Piper PA-46-350P Malibu Mirage in Chofu: 3 killed

Date & Time: Jul 26, 2015 at 1058 LT
Operator:
Registration:
JA4060
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Schedule:
Chōfu - Amami
MSN:
46-22011
YOM:
1989
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
4
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Captain / Total flying hours:
1300
Captain / Total hours on type:
120.00
Aircraft flight hours:
2284
Circumstances:
On Sunday, July 26, 2015 at around 10:58 Japan Standard Time (JST: UTC + 9 hrs: unless otherwise stated, all times are indicated in JST using the 24-hour clock), a privately owned Piper PA-64-350P, registered JA4060, crashed into a private house at Fujimi Town in Chōfu City, right after its takeoff from Runway 17 of Chōfu Airport There were five people on board, consisting of the captain and four passengers. The captain and one passenger died and three passengers were seriously injured. In addition, one resident died and two residents had minor injuries. The aircraft was destroyed and a fire broke out. Furthermore, the house where the Aircraft crashed into were consumed in a fire, and neighboring houses sustained damage due to the fire and other factors.
Probable cause:
It is highly probable that this accident occurred as the speed of the Aircraft decreased during takeoff and climb, which led the Aircraft to stall and crashed into a residential area near Chōfu Airport. It is highly probable that decreased speed was caused by the weight of the Aircraft exceeding the maximum takeoff weight, takeoff at low speed, and continued excessive nose-up attitude. As for the fact that the Captain made the flight with the weight of the Aircraft exceeding the maximum takeoff weight, it is not possible to determine whether or not the Captain was aware of the weight of the Aircraft exceeded the maximum takeoff weight prior to the flight of the accident because the Captain is dead. However, it is somewhat likely that the Captain had insufficient understanding of the risks of making flights under such situation and safety awareness of observing relevant laws and regulations. It is somewhat likely that taking off at low speed occurred because the Captain decided to take a procedure to take off at such a speed; or because the Captain reacted and took off due to the approach of the Aircraft to the runway threshold. It is somewhat likely that excessive nose-up attitude was continued in the state that nose-up tended to occur because the position of the C.G. of the Aircraft was close to the aft limit, or the Captain maintained the nose-up attitude as he prioritized climbing over speed. Adding to these factors, exceeding maximum takeoff weight, takeoff at low speed and continued excessive nose-up attitude, as the result of analysis using mathematical models, it is somewhat likely that the decreased speed was caused by the decreased engine power of the Aircraft; however, as there was no evidence of showing the engine malfunction, it was not possible to determine this.
Final Report:

Crash of a Lockheed KC-130B Hercules in Medan: 139 killed

Date & Time: Jun 30, 2015 at 1150 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
A-1310
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Medan – Tanjung Pinang
MSN:
3616
YOM:
1961
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
11
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
111
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
139
Circumstances:
Two minutes after takeoff from Medan-Soewondo AFB Airport Runway 23, while climbing in good weather conditions, the crew reported technical problem. The aircraft encountered difficulties to gain height, banked to the right, hit a utility pole and the roof of a building then crashed inverted in a huge explosion in a suburb located less than 5 km from the airport. The aircraft was destroyed by impact forces and a post crash fire and several buildings were destroyed as well. All 122 occupants as well as 17 people on the ground were killed. 20 others were injured. It is believed that an engine failed during initial climb.
Crew:
1st Lt Sandi Permana, pilot,
1st Lt Pandu Setiawan, copilot,
Lt Dian Sukman P, copilot,
Cpt Riri Setiawan, navigator,
Serma Bambang H, radio operator,
Peltu Ibnu Kohar, flight engineer,
Pelda Andik S, flight engineer,
Peltu Ngateman, load master,
Peltu Yahya Komari,
Pelda Agus P,
Dan Prada Alvian.

Crash of a Beechcraft C90GTi King Air in Belo Horizonte: 3 killed

Date & Time: Jun 7, 2015 at 1525 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
PR-AVG
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Belo Horizonte – Setubinha
MSN:
LJ-1891
YOM:
2008
Country:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
1
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Circumstances:
The twin engine airplane departed Belo Horizonte-Pampulha-Carlos Drummond de Andrade Airport on a flight to Setubinha-Fazenda Sequóia Airfield, carrying one employee of the company and two pilots. Prior to takeoff, the captain informed the copilot he wanted to perform an 'American' takeoff with full engine power followed by a steep climb. After liftoff, the crew raised the landing gear then continued over the runway at low height until the end of the terrain to reach a maximum speed, then initiated a steep climb at 90°. The aircraft reached the altitude of 1,700 feet in 15 seconds then stalled and entered an uncontrolled descent. It dove into the ground and crashed in a vertical attitude into a houses located in a residential area some 800 metres from the airport. The aircraft was destroyed by impact forces and a post crash fire and all three occupants were killed. One people on the ground was slightly injured.
Probable cause:
Loss of control after the crew initiated aerobatic maneuvers at low altitude.
Final Report:

Crash of a PZL-Mielec AN-2R in Sanamer

Date & Time: May 18, 2015 at 0912 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
RA-56528
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Schedule:
Kevsala – Gribnoye
MSN:
1G183-28
YOM:
1979
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
20000
Captain / Total hours on type:
17500.00
Circumstances:
The single engine aircraft was completing a flight from Kevsala (Ipatovo district of the Stavropol region) to Gribnoye, in the Novopavlovsk district, carrying one pilot and four oil drums. En route, while approaching Sanamer at low altitude, the pilot encountered engine problems and attempted an emergency landing. After touchdown, the aircraft hit a fence, crushed some trees and came to rest against the wall of a church. The pilot was seriously injured and the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.
Probable cause:
The need of the emergency landing was due to the engine flameout in the air most probably caused by the oil tank swelling and pressing its wall on the fuel shutoff valve lever. Oil tank pressure and its swelling most probably caused carbon deposit in vent pipeline connecting oil tank with atmosphere.
The following factors most probably contributed to the accident:
- No water washing of the oil tank and vent pipeline of oil tank with atmosphere specified by scheduled maintenance after 400±30 flight hours or 12±1 month of operation;
- Aircraft maintenance by people not having the aircraft maintenance license;
- Flight operation over locality at the altitude insufficient to perform landing within its limits in case of aircraft nonoperation;
- Flight operation by PIC in moderate alcohol intoxication.
Final Report:

Crash of an Embraer EMB-500 Phenom 100 in Gaithersburg: 6 killed

Date & Time: Dec 8, 2014 at 1041 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N100EQ
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Chapel Hill - Gaithersburg
MSN:
500-00082
YOM:
2009
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
6
Captain / Total flying hours:
4737
Captain / Total hours on type:
136.00
Aircraft flight hours:
634
Aircraft flight cycles:
552
Circumstances:
The airplane crashed while on approach to runway 14 at Montgomery County Airpark (GAI), Gaithersburg, Maryland. The airplane impacted three houses and the ground about 3/4 mile from the approach end of the runway. A postcrash fire involving the airplane and one of the three houses, which contained three occupants, ensued. The pilot, the two passengers, and the three people in the house died as a result of the accident. The airplane was destroyed by impact forces and postcrash fire. The flight was operating on an instrument flight rules flight plan under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 91. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident. Data from the airplane’s cockpit voice and data recorder (CVDR) indicated that the takeoff about 0945 from Horace Williams Airport, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and the cruise portion of the flight were uneventful. CVDR data showed that about 15 minutes after takeoff, the passenger in the right cockpit seat made a statement that the airplane was “in the clouds.” A few seconds later, the airplane’s engine anti-ice system and the wing and horizontal stabilizer deice system were manually activated for about 2 minutes before they were manually turned off. About 6 minutes later, a recording from the automated weather observing system (AWOS) at GAI began transmitting over the pilot’s audio channel, containing sufficient information to indicate that conditions were conducive to icing during the approach to GAI. The CVDR recorded no activity or faults during the rest of the flight for either ice protection system, indicating that the pilot did not turn the systems back on. Before the airplane descended through 10,000 ft, in keeping with procedures in the EMB-500 Pilot Operating Handbook, the pilot was expected to perform the Descent checklist items in the Quick Reference Handbook (QRH), which the pilot should have had available in the airplane during the flight. Based on the AWOS-reported weather conditions, the pilot should have performed the Descent checklist items that appeared in the Normal Icing Conditions checklist, which included turning on the engine anti-ice and wing and horizontal stabilizer deice systems. That action, in turn, would require the pilot to use landing distance performance data that take into account the deice system’s activation. CVDR data show that, before beginning the descent, the pilot set the landing reference (Vref) speed at 92 knots, indicating that he used performance data for operation with the wing and horizontal stabilizer deice system turned off and an airplane landing weight less than the airplane’s actual weight. Using the appropriate Normal Icing Conditions checklist and accurate airplane weight, the pilot should have flown the approach at 126 knots (a Vref of 121 knots +5 knots) to account for the icing conditions.
Probable cause:
The National Transportation Safety Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was the pilot’s conduct of an approach in structural icing conditions without turning on the airplane’s wing and horizontal stabilizer deice system, leading to ice accumulation on those surfaces, and without using the appropriate landing performance speeds for the weather conditions and airplane weight, as indicated in the airplane’s standard operating procedures, which together resulted in an aerodynamic stall at an altitude at which a recovery was not possible.
Final Report:

Crash of a Rockwell Aero Commander 500B in Chicago: 1 killed

Date & Time: Nov 18, 2014 at 0245 LT
Operator:
Registration:
N30MB
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Chicago - Columbus
MSN:
500-1453-160
YOM:
1964
Flight number:
CTL62
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Captain / Total flying hours:
1339
Captain / Total hours on type:
34.00
Aircraft flight hours:
26280
Circumstances:
The commercial pilot was conducting an on-demand cargo charter flight. Shortly after takeoff, the pilot informed the tower controller that he wanted to "come back and land" because he was "having trouble with the left engine." The pilot chose to fly a left traffic pattern and return for landing. No further transmissions were received from the pilot. The accident site was located about 0.50 mile southeast of the runway's displaced threshold. GPS data revealed that, after takeoff, the airplane entered a left turn to a southeasterly course and reached a maximum GPS altitude of 959 ft (about 342 ft above ground level [agl]). The airplane then entered another left turn that appeared to continue until the final data point. The altitude associated with the final data point was 890 ft (about 273 ft agl). The final GPS data point was located about 135 ft northeast of the accident site. Based on GPS data and the prevailing surface winds, the airspeed was about 45 knots during the turn. According to the airplane flight manual, the stall speed in level flight with the wing flaps extended was 59 knots. Postaccident examination and testing of the airframe, engines, and related components did not reveal any preimpact mechanical failures or malfunctions that would have precluded normal operation; therefore, the nature of any issue related to the left engine could not be determined. Based on the evidence, the pilot failed to maintain adequate airspeed while turning the airplane back toward the airport, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall/spin.
Probable cause:
The pilot's failure to maintain airspeed while attempting to return to the airport after a reported engine problem, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall/spin.
Final Report: