Crash of a Lockheed L-188 Electra in Cuzco: 101 killed

Date & Time: Aug 9, 1970 at 1455 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
OB-R-939
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Cuzco - Lima
MSN:
1106
YOM:
1959
Flight number:
LP502
Country:
Crew on board:
9
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
91
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
101
Circumstances:
The airplane was departing Cuzco-Alejandro Velasco Astete Airport on a flight to Lima, carrying a crew of nine and 91 passengers, among them 49 US students who were returning to Lima following a visit of the Machu Picchu ruins. During the takeoff roll, which was 700 meters longer than normal, the engine number three failed. The takeoff procedure was continued as well as the initial climb at a speed of V2 + 15 knots. Once the altitude of 300 feet was reached, the flaps were retracted and at a speed of 140 knots, the aircraft turn left then banked left at an angle of 30-45°. Control was lost and the airplane crashed onto a hill located about 4 km east of the airport. The copilot survived while 99 other occupants and two people on the ground were killed.
Probable cause:
The probable cause of the accident was the improper execution of engine-out procedures by the flight crew, with contributing factors of improper loading of the aircraft and improper maintenance procedures by company personnel.

Crash of an Antonov AN-10A near Chișinău: 1 killed

Date & Time: Aug 8, 1970 at 2052 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-11188
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Vinnitsa - Simferopol
MSN:
0 4 020 05
YOM:
1960
Flight number:
SU888
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
107
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
7
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Aircraft flight hours:
13868
Aircraft flight cycles:
9670
Circumstances:
While cruising at an altitude of 5,400 meters on a flight from Vinnitsa to Simferopol, the crew informed ATC that smoke spread in the cabin and was cleared to divert to Chișinău Airport. Few minutes later, the engine number four caught fire. The crew feathered its propeller when the oil pressure dropped and the propeller left the feather mode. Unable to maintain the prescribed altitude, the captain elected to make an emergency landing. The airplane belly landed in a field located 38 km north of Chișinău Airport and came to rest. The navigator, the radio operator, one flight attendant and 19 passengers were slightly injured while a passenger while killed. All other occupants escaped uninjured. The aircraft was destroyed.
Probable cause:
Failure of an hydraulic line in the engine number four during flight, causing the oil to spill and to catch fire. Poor engine maintenance.

Crash of a Fokker F27 Friendship 200 in Rawalpindi: 30 killed

Date & Time: Aug 6, 1970 at 0717 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
AP-ALM
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Rawalpindi - Lahore
MSN:
10163
YOM:
1960
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
26
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
30
Aircraft flight hours:
19000
Aircraft flight cycles:
26000
Circumstances:
Three minutes after its takeoff from Rawalpindi Airport, while climbing, the airplane went through a thunderstorm area. Due to heavy turbulences, the airplane went out of control, nosed down and eventually crashed in an open field located some 20 km southeast of Rawalpindi. The aircraft disintegrated on impact and all 30 occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
Loss of control while flying in a thunderstorm area consisting of heavy rain falls, turbulences and strong winds.

Crash of a PZL-Mielec AN-2TP in Ukhta

Date & Time: Jul 25, 1970
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-41295
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
1G64-10
YOM:
1965
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
0
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
Following an engine failure, the aircraft stalled and crashed near Ukhta. There were no casualties.
Probable cause:
Engine failure in flight.

Crash of a Douglas C-47B-40-DK in Long Tieng

Date & Time: Jul 23, 1970
Registration:
XW-TDC
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
16864/33612
YOM:
1945
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
0
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The approach and landing at Long Tieng Airstrip were completed in heavy rain falls. After touchdown, the airplane went out of control, veered off runway, lost its undercarriage and came to rest. There were no casualties.

Crash of a Britten-Norman BN-2A Islander in the Busira River

Date & Time: Jul 20, 1970
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
9Q-CTS
MSN:
607
YOM:
1970
Region:
Crew on board:
0
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
Crashed in unknown circumstances into the Busira River. Occupant's fate unknown.

Crash of a Boeing 737-222 in Philadelphia

Date & Time: Jul 19, 1970 at 1907 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N9005U
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Philadelphia - Rochester
MSN:
19043/18
YOM:
1968
Flight number:
UA611
Crew on board:
6
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
55
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
11236
Captain / Total hours on type:
517.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
2319
Copilot / Total hours on type:
736
Aircraft flight hours:
3956
Circumstances:
At 18:50 Boeing 737 "City of Bristol" taxied to runway 09 for departure. At 19:05 the first officer, who was pilot flying, initiated the takeoff roll. Shortly after rotation, at a speed above V2, a loud bang was heard and the aircraft veered to the right. The captain moved both throttles forward but there seemed to be no response. The captain then made the instantaneous decision to set the aircraft back on the runway. The aircraft touched down 1075 feet short of the runway end. The 737 continued of the end of the runway and across the blast pad. It crossed a field, passed through a 6-foot high aluminum chain link fence into an area covered with high grass, weeds and brush. The aircraft came to rest 1634 feet past the end of the runway.
Probable cause:
The termination of the take-off, after the No.1 engine failed, at a speed above V2 at a height of approximately 50 feet, with insufficient runway remaining to effect a safe landing. The captain's decision and his action to terminate the take-off were based on the erroneous judgment that both engines had failed.
Final Report:

Crash of a Curtiss C-46A-55-CK Commando in Espiritu

Date & Time: Jul 15, 1970
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
CP-914
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
249
YOM:
1945
Country:
Crew on board:
0
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
Crashed in unknown circumstances in Espiritu. There were no casualties but the aircraft was written off.

Crash of a Douglas DC-8-63 in Toronto: 109 killed

Date & Time: Jul 5, 1970 at 0809 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CF-TIW
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Montreal - Toronto - Los Angeles
MSN:
46114/526
YOM:
1970
Flight number:
AC621
Location:
Country:
Crew on board:
9
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
100
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
109
Captain / Total flying hours:
20990
Captain / Total hours on type:
2899.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
9323
Copilot / Total hours on type:
5626
Aircraft flight hours:
453
Circumstances:
Flight number 621 of Air Canada DC-8-63 CF-TIW with 100 passengers, six cabin air crew and three flight crew aboard on July 5, 1970 from departure at Montreal International Airport until its final crash at Toronto International Airport lasted slightly more than 52 minutes. This aircraft took off at Montreal at 07 hours and 17 minutes EDT, initially touched down on runway 32 at Toronto International Airport at 08 hours 06 minutes and 36 seconds EDT and finally crashed at 08 hours 09 minutes 34 seconds EDT. The flight from Montreal to Toronto was routine. The flight during this interval was also routine. The "In-Range Check" was made when the aircraft was about 10 miles from Toronto International Airport on a southerly heading. The "Before-Landing Check" was made when the aircraft was about 8 miles from this Airport, and just commencing its turn onto final approach. On this Before-Landing cockpit check, which includes the lowering of the undercarriage, the item "spoilers armed" was intentionally omitted. During this period there occurred a conversation between the Captain and the First Officer as to whether the ground spoilers would be armed 'on the flare' or 'on the ground' and an agreement between them as to this was reached. The agreement was that the First Officer would arm them 'on the flare', that is, immediately before the aircraft touched down on the runway. Power was reduced then on the aircraft for the purpose of the flare and the Captain gave the order to the First Officer by saying 'OK'; and immediately thereafter the ground spoilers were deployed. The spoilers were deployed when the aircraft was about 60 feet above the runway. As a result, the aircraft sank rapidly. Practically immediately thereafter the Captain, with an exclamation, applied full throttle to all four engines and pulled back the control panel causing the nose of the aircraft to rotate upwards. During this sequence the First Officer apologized to the Captain for what he had done. Notwithstanding the action taken by the Captain, he did not succeed in preventing the aircraft from touching down on the runway. Instead, the aircraft struck the runway very heavily. It remained on the runway only about half a second and then rose back into the air at which time the ground spoilers commenced to retract and then did retract. When the aircraft struck the runway, number 4 engine and pylon separated from the aircraft and fell on the runway along with a piece of the lower wing plating (which allowed fuel to escape and subsequently ignite). Damage was also done at this time to the attachments relating to number 3 engine, but that engine after touchdown continued to function. After this touchdown, the aircraft climbed to an altitude of 3,100 feet above the ground. During this climb, there were conversations between the First Officer and the aircraft airport control tower from which it is patent, that the air crew considered that they would be able to cause their aircraft to circle for another landing attempt on runway 32. In fact, the air crew did not know, until only about 40 seconds prior to the final crash, that the happening of such final crash was irreversible. During this climb, fire and smoke were seen trailing behind the aircraft intermittently. About 2 and one half minutes after the initial touch down of this aircraft on the runway, the first explosion occurred in the right wing outboard of number 4 engine location causing parts of the outer wing structure to fall free to the ground. Six seconds later, a second explosion occurred in the vicinity of number 3 engine and the engine with its pylon ripped free of the wing and fell to the ground in flames, trailing heavy black smoke. Six and one half seconds later, a third explosion occurred which caused the loss of a large section of the right wing, including the wing tip. The aircraft then went into a violent manoeuvre, and with the right wing still ablaze, lost height rapidly and at the same time more wing plating tore free following which the aircraft struck the ground at a high velocity, about 220 knots in the attitude with the left wing high and the nose low. At final crash, all persons aboard this aircraft were killed.
Probable cause:
Within the meaning of the word "circumstances" ("of any accident") in section 5A of the Aeronautics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada 1952, chapter 2 as amended, there were several contributing circumstances to this accident. Without attempting to weight each or to list them in order of priority, they are set out hereunder:
- The failure of the Captain to follow the procedures laid down in the 'Before-Landing Check' in the Air Canada operating manual, in respect to arming the ground spoilers in this aircraft on this day,
- The action taken by the First Officer, contrary to the order of the Captain on this day, in pulling the ground spoiler actuating lever aft manually to the "Extend", position when the aircraft was about 60 feet above runway 32 at Toronto International Airport,
- The failure of the manufacturer of this aircraft to provide a gate or equivalent means to guard against such inappropriate manual operation of the ground spoiler lever in flight,
- The acceptance and approval by the Ministry of Transport, of the design of the ground spoiler system in this aircraft,
- The acceptance and use by Air Canada of this aircraft with this defective design feature in its ground spoiler system,
- The failure of the manufacturer and Air Canada in their respective manuals unequivocally to inform that the ground spoilers of this aircraft could be deployed when it was in flight by doing what the First Officer did in this case; and, also, to warn of the hazard of extending the ground spoilers when the aircraft is in flight and especially when it is close to the ground,
- The failure of Air Canada to cause its Ground Training School personnel to instruct student pilots that the ground spoilers of this aircraft could be deployed in the way the First Officer did in this case or to warn that the ground spoilers could be deployed when this type of aircraft is in flight and especially when it is close to the ground,
- The failure of the Ministry of Transport to detect the deficiencies and misinformation in the manufacturer's aircraft flight manual as to the operation of the ground spoiler systems on this type of aircraft; and the failure to require the manufacturer in such manual to warn of the danger of inappropriate deployment of the ground spoilers on this type of aircraft when in flight and especially when it is close to the ground,
- The failure of the Ministry of Transport:
1) to have noted the differences in the manuals of Air Canada and other Canadian aircraft operators in relation to the hazards of operating this ground spoiler in this aircraft,
2) to have alerted Air Canada of this, and
3) to have taken appropriate remedial action so that Air Canada's manual in respect thereto was not deficient in respect thereto,
- Under the subject overload conditions, the failure of the manufacturer to design attachments of the engine pod to wing structure to provide for safe sequential separation, or failing which to otherwise ensure the integrity of the fuel and the electrical systems.
Final Report:

Crash of a Fokker F27 Friendship 200 in Dumaguete City

Date & Time: Jul 1, 1970
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
PI-C504
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
10209
YOM:
1962
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
26
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Aircraft flight hours:
19791
Aircraft flight cycles:
15966
Circumstances:
After touchdown, the airplane was unable to stop within the remaining distance. It overran, lost its undercarriage and came to rest with its right wing partially torn off. All 29 occupants escaped uninjured while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.