Crash of an Aero Spacelines 377MGT Mini Guppy at Edwards AFB: 4 killed

Date & Time:
Operator:
Registration:
N111AS
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Edwards - Edwards
MSN:
0001
YOM:
1970
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
4
Captain / Total flying hours:
6827
Captain / Total hours on type:
34.00
Circumstances:
The Aero Spacelines 377MGT was a converted Boeing Stratoliner. Prototype N111AS first flew on March 13, 1970. In the following period flight testing was carried out, a.o. at Edwards AFB. The accident occurred during the sixth takeoff of Flight Number 12 following the scheduled shutdown of the engine number one at about 109 knots IAS. The takeoff was being made on runway 22 and the wind was from approximately 200 degrees at about 10 knots. Rotation occurred at about 114 knots and several seconds after rotation, according to one witness, the aircraft turned and rolled to the left, settling as it did so. The left wingtip subsequently contacted the ground, causing a severe yaw. The forward fuselage struck the ground, causing the flight deck to be destroyed. The test flight was under FAR Part 25 certification program.
Source: http://www.allaboutguppys.com
Probable cause:
The exact cause of the accident could not be determined. However, examination of the Rudder System revealed the the Rudder Bell Crank Arm Assembly, Boeing P/N 15-23765 and the Rudder Boost Control Link Assembly, Boeing P/N 6-38900 were broken. The broken assemblies were removed and forwarded to the NTSB Metallurgist for fracture analysis. The fractures were typical of bending overload breaks.
Final Report:

Crash of a Learjet 23 in Pellston: 6 killed

Date & Time:
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N434EJ
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Detroit - Pellston
MSN:
23-046
YOM:
1965
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
4
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
6
Captain / Total flying hours:
7760
Captain / Total hours on type:
2142.00
Aircraft flight hours:
3530
Circumstances:
The approach to Pellston-Emmet County was initiated in limited visibility due to clouds. On final, the crew failed to realize his altitude was too low when the airplane struck trees and crashed in flames few miles short of runway threshold. The aircraft was destroyed and all six occupants were killed, among them Walter Reuther, President of the American Union of Workers in the Automotive Industry.
Probable cause:
Illusions produced by the lack of visual cues during a circling approach over unlighted terrain at night to a runway not equipped with approach lights or other visual approach aids . These illusions, which made the pilot think that he was higher than his true position, were made more acceptable to him because of a strong possibility of an erroneously high indication on his altimeter.
Final Report:

Crash of a Beechcraft UC-45J Expeditor in San Francisco

Date & Time:
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N86415
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
San Francisco – Los Angeles
MSN:
4429
YOM:
1943
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
6000
Captain / Total hours on type:
500.00
Circumstances:
Prior to takeoff, the local controller offered pilot choice of runways 01 or 28. The crew decided to takeoff from runway 01. During the takeoff roll, the airplane was caught by strong winds and control was lost. The airplane veered off runway, lost its undercarriage and came to rest in flames. Both pilots were injured and the aircraft was destroyed by fire.
Probable cause:
The crew selected the wrong runway relative to existing wind. The following factors were considered as contributing:
- Unfavorable wind component,
- Inadequate preflight preparation,
- Improperly loaded aircraft (W&B and CofG),
- Overload failure,
- Wind gusting up to 23 knots,
- Aircraft loaded aft of CofG.
Final Report:

Crash of a Lockheed L-1049H Super Constellation in Barrow

Date & Time:
Registration:
N174W
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Fairbanks - Barrow
MSN:
4636
YOM:
1956
Location:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
23379
Captain / Total hours on type:
3564.00
Circumstances:
On final approach to Barrow, the crew failed to realize the configuration was wrong. Few dozen yards short of runway threshold, the airplane struck a snowbank, lost its undercarriage and its left wing before bursting into flames. All three crew members were injured and the aircraft was destroyed.
Probable cause:
The pilot-in-command misjudged distance, speed and altitude on finale approach. The following factors were considered as contributing:
- Snow covered terrain,
- Snow,
- Snow on runway,
- Fire after impact,
- Left main gear, left wing and tail failed prior to fire.
Final Report:

Crash of a Convair T-29D near Hamilton AFB: 13 killed

Date & Time:
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
52-5822
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Schedule:
Hamilton - Spokane
MSN:
52-21
YOM:
1954
Flight number:
Visco 57
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
11
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
13
Circumstances:
Shortly after takeoff from runway 30 at Hamilton AFB (Novato, CA), the crew was cleared to climb at his discretion, following heading 360 till 2,600 feet then heading 340. Few seconds later, the airplane struck trees and crashed on a mountain slope located eight miles from the airbase. The aircraft was totally destroyed by impact forces and a post crash fire. A passenger was seriously injured while 13 other occupants were killed. The crew from the 26th Division was completing a flight to Spokane, Washington. At the time of the accident, weather conditions were considered as good with three cloud layers at 900, 15,000 and 25,000 feet, a visibility of about 8 miles and a light wind from 340 at 2 knots.
Probable cause:
A second flight was completed in similar conditions few hours later and the investigators were unable to determine the exact cause of the accident.

Crash of a Lockheed 10A Electra in Eldon

Date & Time:
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
N94N
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Fort Leonard Wood – Omaha
MSN:
1101
YOM:
1937
Location:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
10
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
While in cruising altitude, the right engine lost power. Unable to maintain the assigned altitude, the crew decided to attempt an emergency landing. The airplane belly landed in a prairie and slid for dozen yards before coming to rest. All 12 occupants were uninjured while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.
Probable cause:
Engine failure in flight caused by a contaminated fuel by water. The following contributing factors were reported:
- Inadequate preflight preparation,
- Water in fuel,
- Intentional wheels-up landing,
- The pilot-in-command failed to follow the approved procedures,
- Improper emergency procedures,
- Partial loss of power on one engine,
- Water and rust found in the right engine carburetor,
- Improper single engine procedures.
Final Report:

Crash of a De Havilland DH.104 Dove 6BA in Morris

Date & Time:
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N420D
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Morris - DuPage
MSN:
04414
YOM:
1953
Location:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
11645
Captain / Total hours on type:
234.00
Circumstances:
Shortly after takeoff from Morris Airport, while in initial climb, the pilot informed ATC about an engine failure and was cleared to return for an emergency landing. On final, the airplane stalled and crashed in a field located short of runway threshold. The aircraft was destroyed and the pilot was seriously injured.
Probable cause:
Powerplant failure for undetermined reason. The following factors were considered as contributing:
- The pilot-in-command failed to follow the approved procedures,
- Improper emergency procedures,
- Complete failure on one engine,
- Propeller not feathered,
- Flaps 20°, landing gear extended.
Final Report:

Crash of a Rockwell T-39A-1-NA Sabreliner in Weldon: 4 killed

Date & Time:
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
61-0640
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
MacDill - Shaw - Langley
MSN:
265-43
YOM:
1962
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
4
Circumstances:
The airplane departed McDill AFB, Florida, on a flight to Langley AFB. After a technical stop at Shaw AFB located in Sumter, the crew continued bound to the north. About 20 minutes prior to its arrival at Langley AFB, while in cruising level, the airplane collided with a USAF Douglas TA-4F Skyhawk. Both aircraft went out of control, entered a dive and crashed in the region of Weldon. All six crew members on both aircraft were killed.

Crash of a Douglas C-54D-1-DC Skymaster in Miami: 2 killed

Date & Time:
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
HC-AON
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Miami – Panama City – Quito
MSN:
10608
YOM:
1945
Flight number:
EU461
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Captain / Total flying hours:
3053
Captain / Total hours on type:
318.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
3251
Copilot / Total hours on type:
120
Aircraft flight hours:
20413
Circumstances:
The aircraft was being operated as an international cargo flight by Compania Ecuatoriana de Aviacion. The accident occurred during the initial climb, following an instrument takeoff on Runway 27R at Miami International Airport. The flight was en route,from Miami to Panama City, Panama, the first leg of a flight which was to terminate at Quito, Ecuador. The two pilots, the only occupants of the aircraft, were killed, and the aircraft was demolished by impact and post impact ground fire. The crew first requested a takeoff clearance at 0621 but because fog reduced visibility to one-eighth mile, the tower controller delayed issuance of the clearance until 0722 when the visibility was reported to be one quarter mile, the visibility minimum the pilot had stated he needed for takeoff. The crew's acknowledgment of this clearance was the last recorded transmission from the flight. Following liftoff, the aircraft was observed flying in a level flight attitude at an altitude of approximately 50 feet near the western end of Runway 27R, which was 10,500 feet long. The landing gear was retracted. As the observers watched the aircraft, they saw the nose drop slightly, check, and then the aircraft descended to earth. Impact occurred 279 feet north and 230 feet beyond the western end of the takeoff runway. The aircraft continued 89 feet beyond the initial impact point, struck a concrete abutment and burned.
Probable cause:
Improper monitoring of instruments during an IMC take-off. Factors were the improper procedures after take-off and reduced visibility due to fog.
Final Report:

Crash of a Piper PA-31-310 Navajo Chieftain in Tallahassee

Date & Time:
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N411AA
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Saint Petersburg – Tallahassee
MSN:
31-24
YOM:
1967
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
3
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
10245
Captain / Total hours on type:
220.00
Circumstances:
On final approach to Tallahassee Airport by night, the pilot failed to realize his altitude was insufficient when the airplane struck tree tops and crashed few hundred yards short of runway threshold. All four occupants were seriously injured and the aircraft was destroyed.
Probable cause:
Improper IFR operation on part of the pilot-in-command.
Final Report: