Crash of an Avro 748-378-2B in Stansted

Date & Time: Mar 30, 1998 at 2331 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
G-OJEM
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Stansted - Leeds-Bradford
MSN:
1791
YOM:
1982
Location:
Region:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
40
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
6100
Captain / Total hours on type:
3950.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
1100
Copilot / Total hours on type:
250
Aircraft flight hours:
18352
Aircraft flight cycles:
19122
Circumstances:
Immediately after take-off from London (Stansted) Airport, on a night flight with 30 passengers and 4 crew on board, an uncontained failure of the right engine occurred. This resulted in sudden power loss and a major engine bay fire. The commander elected to land back on the runway. The aircraft overran the paved surface, and uneven ground in the overrun area caused the nose landing gear to collapse. After the aircraft had come to rest, with the engine bay fire continuing, the crew organized a rapid evacuation and all the occupants escaped, with little or no injury. The engine bay fire was extinguished by the Airport Fire Service (AFS), but fuel release continued for some hours.
Probable cause:
The engine failure was caused by high-cycle fatigue cracking of the High Pressure (HP) turbine disc. Four similar Dart turbine failures had occurred over the previous 26 year period. These had been attributed to a combination of turbine entry flow distortion and turbine blade wear. The following causal factors were identified:
- Significant reduction in the fatigue strength f the HP turbine disc due to surface corrosion,
- Inadequate control of the fit between engine turbine assembly seal members, possibly influenced by inadequate turbine clamping blot fit, causing sufficient reduction in the natural frequency of an HP turbine disc vibratory mode to allow its excitation within the normal operating speed range and consequent excessive stressing of the disc,
- Fuel leakage from the engine bay fuel system, resulting in a major nacelle fire,
- Failure to identify the turbine assembly seal member fit and HP turbine disc corrosion as possible contributors to disc fatigue damage after previous similar failures.
Final Report:

Crash of a Beechcraft C90 King Air in East Midlands: 1 killed

Date & Time: Jan 25, 1988 at 2247 LT
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
G-BNAT
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Stansted – East Midlands
MSN:
LJ-614
YOM:
1974
Flight number:
646
Region:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Captain / Total flying hours:
2900
Captain / Total hours on type:
600.00
Circumstances:
The twin engine aircraft was completing a cargo flight from Stansted to East Midlands, carrying approximately 800 kilos of various goods. As the aircraft was on approach 1 nm from touchdown, ATC advised that the RVR for landing had reduced to 900 meters and, very soon afterwards, notified a further deterioration to 800 meters. Immediately after this last ATC transmission, the pilot transmitted 'National Six Four Six got to go-around'. Ten seconds later he transmitted 'crashing...National'. The aircraft subsequently struck the ground at a point approximately 350 meters to the right of the runway 09 centerline and 750 meters beyond the threshold. The aircraft was destroyed by a post crash fire and the pilot, sole on board, was killed.
Probable cause:
It was determined that the the aircraft's weight was 90 kilos above its maximum authorised takeoff weight at Stansted Airport and after allowing for the fuel used on route, it would have arrived at least 160 kilos above its maximum authorised landing weight. Furthermore, the steep angle of impact was suggestive of a dive following a stall.
Final Report:

Crash of a Cessna 421B Golden Eagle II in Stansted: 6 killed

Date & Time: Oct 20, 1987 at 1200 LT
Registration:
G-HAST
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Stansted – Tatenhill
MSN:
421B-0828
YOM:
1974
Location:
Region:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
5
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
6
Captain / Total flying hours:
500
Captain / Total hours on type:
200.00
Circumstances:
The aircraft was on an IFR flight from Stansted Airport to Tatenhill Aerodrome with a pilot and five passengers on board. Shortly after takeoff from runway 23 at Stansted the pilot reported that he had a problem and wished to return. Stansted ATC cleared him for a left hand circuit and return. As the aircraft turned left hand towards a downwind leg the left bank was observed to suddenly increase and it turned onto its back before descending vertically and crashing into a wooded area to the southwest of the airport. Immediately after the impact there was a fierce fire; all the occupants were killed instantaneously.
Probable cause:
Examination confirmed that the right hand propeller and engine has been delivering power normally before impact, but that the left propeller and engine had not been producing power. The left engine drive fuel pump had also suffered fire damage, and the rubber seals were leaking. Upon disassembly it was found that the aneroid unit within the pump was corroded and could not have functioned. The possible adverse effects of the corrosion within the fuel pump aneroid unit to engine performance were investigated using another similar engine in a test facility. It was found that this condition caused the engine to misfire and run roughly at high power settings, but that the engine ran normally at low power. The tests, whilst not totally representative of the conditions on the accident flight, showed no tendency for the engine to fail completely, although sudden full throttle applications grossly aggravated the rough running. Thus no reason for the apparent marked power loss associated with the left engine fitted to G-HAST has been established.
Final Report:

Crash of a Britten-Norman BN-2A Trislander III-2 in Amsterdam: 1 killed

Date & Time: Sep 14, 1986 at 0310 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
G-BDTP
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Stansted - Amsterdam
MSN:
1028
YOM:
1976
Flight number:
KND201
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Aircraft flight hours:
7100
Circumstances:
The pilot, sole on board, was completing a night cargo flight from Stansted to Amsterdam-Schiphol Airport. He was cleared for an ILS approach to runway 06 at 0253LT. Six minutes later, he initiated a go-around procedure as he was too high on the glide. He was then cleared to start an approach to runway 19R and climbed to the altitude of 2,000 feet before turning to base. At a distance of 3 nm from runway threshold at a height of 750 feet, the aircraft made a right turn then descended, turned left and crashed in a field, bursting into flames. The only occupant was killed.
Probable cause:
It was determined that the loss of control on final approach was the consequence of windshear at an altitude of 750 feet. In few seconds, wind changed from 210° to 100°. The lack of pilot experience was considered as a contributing factor as he overcorrected the movement of the aircraft caused by windshear and was unable to regain control when the aircraft entered a dive as a result of the over correction.

Crash of a Beechcraft 200 Super King Air near Nantes: 2 killed

Date & Time: Sep 25, 1979 at 2220 LT
Operator:
Registration:
G-BGHR
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Stansted - Exeter
MSN:
BB-508
YOM:
1979
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Captain / Total flying hours:
9400
Copilot / Total flying hours:
9550
Copilot / Total hours on type:
7
Aircraft flight hours:
47
Circumstances:
After a flight from Leavesden to Stansted, the instructor had filed an IFR flight plan for Stansted - Exeter, at FL310, the planned departure from Stansted being at 1400. Take-off from Stansted was at 1303, and during the following 40 minutes the aircraft flew locally in the Stansted zone where it conducted two ILS approaches followed by an overshoot. At 1345 it was authorised to change from the Stansted frequency and contact the London Centre. The climb to FL310 was normal. At 1421 hrs the pilot asked ATC whether it would be possible to perform an emergency descent exercise before reaching Exeter, his intention being to begin the descent after passing Dawlish. The controller agreed and asked the pilot to call back when he was ready to begin the manoeuvre. At 1435 the Beech was almost over Dawlish and the crew announced they were ready to begin the exercise. They stated that they would keep a listening watch on the frequency during the descent, but would not be able to transmit while they were donning their masks. At 1436, the flight was authorised to begin the descent, initially to FL120. At 1438 the controller gave the Beech a right-hand turn heading for Exeter. At 1439 he repeated the heading. At 1443, noting that the aircraft had commenced a turn to the left, he authorised it to turn left to head for Exeter. At 1444 he asked for the pilot to give an identifying 'squawk' on the transponder. He did not receive a reply to any of these communications. Since 1438 Beech G-BGHR had been describing large circles to the left at FL310. The wind at that altitude made the aircraft drift towards the south, and it was to pass successively over Guernsey, Jersey, Dinard and Rennes. At the end of its endurance at 2020 (2220LT) the aircraft crashed near Nantes, 20 km to the east/southeast of the town. A RAF Nimrod escorted the Beechcraft during its progress to the vicinity of Nantes. G-BGHR was also followed by two Dassault Mirage III and three Mirage F1 of the French Air Force from 1810 until 2010. The pilots of these aircrafts checked the external condition of the Beech, which appeared normal, the doors and emergency exits were in their normal position, the cabin and cockpit were illuminated and the navigation lights were operating. However, they were unable to make any contact but they all noted the presence of warning lights on the control panel.
Probable cause:
The immediate cause of the accident was the aircraft striking the ground at a steep angle. The cause of the accident was depressurization of the cabin at high altitude by the pilot. This exercise is too dangerous to be carried out on an aircraft in this class, in view of the useful consciousness time available to the pilots in the case of any failure of the oxygen circuit. In this particular case, the oxygen masks were not connected and the crew died in flight due to hypoxia.
Final Report:

Crash of a Cessna 421B Golden Eagle II in Stansted: 1 killed

Date & Time: Sep 4, 1978 at 1518 LT
Operator:
Registration:
G-AYMM
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Cambridge - Stansted
MSN:
421B-0033
YOM:
1970
Location:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Captain / Total flying hours:
3113
Captain / Total hours on type:
1401.00
Aircraft flight hours:
2472
Circumstances:
The aircraft was engaged upon a flight test for the renewal of its Certificate of Airworthiness (CofA). The sole occupants were the pilot and an observer. Following an ILS approach to runway 23 at Stansted Airport an overshoot (go-around) was initiated and at about 200 feet the starboard engine cut out. The commander attempted unsuccessfully to restart the engine by use of the starter motor. The aircraft lost speed and height and crashed just outside the airport. The observer was killed and the pilot injured.
Probable cause:
The accident was caused by the pilot failing to feather the propeller and raise the flaps after the starboard engine had cut during an overshoot manoeuvre. A contributory factor is considered to have been the absence of any prescribed procedure in the Flight Manual to meet this eventuality. The reason for the malfunction of the starboard engine both during the stall test and later during the overshoot could not be determined.
Final Report:

Crash of a Piper PA-31-350 Navajo Chieftain in Blackbushe: 1 killed

Date & Time: Oct 19, 1975 at 0811 LT
Operator:
Registration:
G-BBPV
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Blackbushe - Stansted
MSN:
31-7305097
YOM:
1973
Region:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Captain / Total flying hours:
5391
Captain / Total hours on type:
122.00
Aircraft flight hours:
771
Circumstances:
The aircraft was en route from Blackbushe to Stansted when about three minutes after takeoff it descended to aerodrome level and flew into some trees which were obscured by fog and low cloud. The aircraft caught fire and the pilot, the sole occupant, was killed.
Probable cause:
The accident was caused by the aircraft descending into fog covered ground. No reason for this loss of height could be positively established but there is a strong possibility that the pilot's ability to fly the aircraft became impaired by the onset of symptoms associated with coronary artery disease.
Final Report:

Crash of an Armstrong Whitworth AW.650 Argosy 222 in Stansted

Date & Time: Dec 4, 1967
Operator:
Registration:
G-ASXP
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Stansted - Stansted
MSN:
6804
YOM:
1965
Location:
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The crew was engaged in a local training flight at Stansted Airport. Shortly after takeoff, while in initial climb, the crew lost control of the airplane that stalled and crashed in flames in an open field. The aircraft was destroyed and all three crew members were injured. The crew was simulating an engine failure at takeoff when control was lost.
Probable cause:
The accident was due to a loss of control during a takeoff with a simulated failure of the engine. The loss of control was most probably the result of No.4 propeller going into ground fine pitch when the engine was throttled back.

Crash of a Handley Page H.P.81 Hermes IV/A in Meesden: 3 killed

Date & Time: Apr 1, 1958 at 1113 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
G-ALDV
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Stansted - Stansted
MSN:
81/22
YOM:
1950
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Circumstances:
The aircraft took off on a test flight from Stansted Airport at 1059LT and climbed steeply towards the northwest. A few minutes later it was observed approaching the airport from the west at a height of approximately 1,500 feet. At 1113LT the Air Traffic Control Tower received a radio call from the aircraft in which the captain declared an emergency and said that the controls were jammed. At about the same time the aircraft was seen some 6 miles northeast of the airfield descending in a series of dives and climbs. It crashed in a field shortly thereafter killing the crew of three. The greater part of the wreckage was destroyed by fire.
Probable cause:
The accident was caused by the elevator mechanism becoming jammed, loss of control resulted. The jamming was due to the presence of a small extraneous object which entered the control mechanism.
Final Report:

Crash of an Avro 685 York C.1 in Stansted: 4 killed

Date & Time: Dec 23, 1957
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
G-AMUN
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Luqa – Stansted
MSN:
SET55
YOM:
1947
Location:
Region:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
4
Circumstances:
The crew was completing a cargo flight from Malta-Luqa to Stansted. On approach, the visibility was limited due to poor weather conditions and the captain decided to make a go around. Few minutes later, a second attempt to land was also abandoned. During a third approach, the pilot-in-command descended below the glide, apparently to establish a visual contact with the ground, when the airplane struck trees and crashed in flames 0.75 mile short of runway threshold. The airplane was destroyed and all four crew members were killed.
Probable cause:
The accident was due to an error on the part of the captain in that whilst making an attempt to land he continued the approach below the critical height without sufficient visual reference to the ground.