Crash of a Vickers 701 Viscount in Rio de Janeiro

Date & Time: Oct 31, 1966
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
PP-SRM
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Rio de Janeiro - Rio de Janeiro
MSN:
19
YOM:
1953
Country:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The crew was completing a local training flight at Rio de Janeiro-Santos Dumont Airport. After touchdown, the four engine airplane was unable to stop within the remaining distance, overran and came to rest. All three crew members were unhurt while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.

Crash of a Beechcraft UC-45F Expeditor off Rio de Janeiro: 4 killed

Date & Time: Mar 10, 1966 at 0850 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
2842
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
AF-419
YOM:
1953
Country:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
4
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
4
Circumstances:
Shortly after takeoff from Rio de Janeiro-Santos Dumont Airport, while climbing, the twin engine aircraft went out of control and crashed into the Guanabara Bay. Two passengers were rescued while four other occupants were killed.

Crash of a Convair CV-240-0 in Rio de Janeiro

Date & Time: Aug 20, 1965
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
PP-CFD
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
142
YOM:
1949
Country:
Crew on board:
0
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
For unknown reason, the airplane landed hard at Santos Dumont Airport. There were no injuries but the aircraft was written off.

Crash of a Curtiss C-46D-15-CU Commando off Rio de Janeiro: 3 killed

Date & Time: Mar 26, 1964 at 1130 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
PP-LDL
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Rio de Janeiro - Rio de Janeiro
MSN:
33467
YOM:
1945
Country:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Circumstances:
The crew departed Rio de Janeiro-Santos Dumont Airport on a local training flight to Rio de Janeiro-Galeão Airport. Shortly after takeoff, while climbing, the crew informed ATC that the right engine caught fire and received the permission to return for an emergency landing. Unable to extinguish the fire, the crew feathered the propeller and reduced his altitude when the right wing, on fire, detached. Out of control, the airplane entered a dive and crashed into the Guanabara Bay. The aircraft was destroyed and all three crew members were killed.
Probable cause:
In-flight fire on the right engine for undetermined reason.

Crash of a Convair CV-340-59 in São Paulo: 37 killed

Date & Time: May 3, 1963 at 1940 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
PP-CDW
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
São Paulo – Rio de Janeiro
MSN:
159
YOM:
1954
Country:
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
45
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
37
Captain / Total flying hours:
11997
Captain / Total hours on type:
8010.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
2536
Copilot / Total hours on type:
800
Aircraft flight hours:
17960
Circumstances:
The aircraft was on scheduled domestic flight from São Paulo to Rio de Janeiro with 5 crew and 45 passengers aboard. Following an eight-minute delay due to heavy traffic, the flight was cleared to take off from São Paulo-Congonhas Airport. One minute after takeoff the pilot-in-command reported to the tower that the aircraft's n°2 engine was on fire, and he would return to the airport. A left turn was begun, and it is presumed that the pilot feathered n°2 propeller. He began the downwind leg to runway 16 and asked the tower operators whether anything abnormal could be seen regarding the aircraft's n°2 engine. The tower operators, from whom n°2 engine was hidden by the fuselage, reported that they could not see anything abnormal. Presumably the pilot unfeathered the propeller which started windmilling. Approximately abeam the tower, the aircraft began to lose altitude and when it started the final turn its altitude was very low. The aircraft was probably nosed up and stalled with a bank of 45°; it first struck a house with its nose and left wing, then hit the ground (elevation 800 meters) and made a 260° turn on its left wing. The accident occurred at night in a well illuminated, densely populated area. The aircraft was destroyed upon impact and 4 crew members and 33 passengers were killed, 13 other occupants being injured.
Probable cause:
For unknown reasons, the alarm bell, which indicated overheating, rang immediately after takeoff. The pilot-in-command, believing n°2 engine was on fire, presumably feathered n°2 propeller. As the flight entered the downwind leg, it was unfeathered, but the shut-off valve was not re-opened, and the propeller began windmilling. Although the engine n°1 was still operating at takeoff power, the altitude could not be maintained. When entering the last turn to base leg, the aircraft was very low, and the pilot presumably tried to lift the nose to avoid striking buildings near the airport. This caused the aircraft to stall. At this time, one of the crew probably used the flaps. Shortly thereafter the aircraft banked 45°, struck a house and crashed to the ground. It is highly probable that if the pilot had refeathered n°2 engine when he started losing altitude, he could have maintained altitude and landed safely. In conclusion, the probable primary cause of the accident was a pilot error and improper procedure on unfeathering n°2 engine. The probable secondary cause of the accident is a probable material failure of one or both engines overheating.
Final Report:

Crash of a Saab Scandia 90A-1 in Paraibuna: 23 killed

Date & Time: Nov 26, 1962 at 0909 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
PP-SRA
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
São Paulo – Rio de Janeiro
MSN:
107
YOM:
1951
Country:
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
18
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
23
Circumstances:
The Scandia aircraft was flying a scheduled domestic service from Congonhas Airport (São Paulo) to Santos Dumont (Rio de Janeiro). It left Congonhas at 1144 GMT on an instrument flight plan and was flying Airway AB-6 at the approved cruising altitude of 2,400 m. Five crew and 18 passengers were aboard. The flight advised of its progress en route and at 1203 hours was abeam São José dos Campos, estimating Ubatuba at 1214 hours. When it did not report Ubatuba as expected, an alert message was sent at 1242 hours. The Cessna had taken off from Santos Dumont at 1111 GMT en route to Campo de Marte in São Paulo. It was flying the same airway in the opposite direction on a VFR flight plan and carried 4 persons. Following its last contact with Santos Dumont it did not report its position. The alert phase was declared at 1251 hours, thirty minutes after its estimated time of arrival at Campo de Marte. It was learned later by the Inquiry that the sound of the two aircraft collided was heard, and eye witnesses saw them fall, at approximately 1209 hours.
Probable cause:
Both pilots failed to maintain adequate lookouts for other aircraft.
Final Report:

Crash of a Curtiss C-46A-55-CK Commando off Itaipu

Date & Time: Dec 12, 1961 at 1600 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
PP-VBM
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Rio de Janeiro - Rio de Janeiro
MSN:
134
YOM:
1944
Country:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The crew departed Rio de Janeiro-Santos Dumont for a local training flight. En route, the pilot voluntarily shut down the left engine to simulate a failure. As the crew elected to feather its propeller, the prop went into reverse. The crew decided to return to Santos Dumont Airport but as he was unable to maintain a safe altitude, he decided to ditch the aircraft 50 meters off the Itaipu beach. Both occupants were rescued while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.

Crash of a Douglas C-47A-20-DK in Rio de Janeiro: 3 killed

Date & Time: Dec 6, 1961 at 1408 LT
Operator:
Registration:
2067
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
MSN:
15624/27069
YOM:
1945
Country:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Circumstances:
Shortly after takeoff from Rio de Janeiro-Santos Dumont Airport, while climbing to a height of 30 meters, the aircraft stalled and crashed into the Guanabara Bay, about 800 meters from the runway end. The aircraft was lost and all three crew members were killed.

Crash of a Lockheed L-1649A Starliner in Rio de Janeiro

Date & Time: Jun 19, 1961
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
LV-GLH
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Buenos Aires – Rio de Janeiro – Natal – Dakar – Lisbon – Geneva – London
MSN:
1006
YOM:
1957
Country:
Crew on board:
0
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
On approach to Santos Dumont Airport in Rio, the four engine aircraft was too low and struck a seawall located short of runway threshold. On impact, the undercarriage were sheared off and the airplane crash landed and came to rest after a course of one km. All occupants were evacuated safely while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.
Probable cause:
Wrong approach configuration on part of the pilot-in-command who continued the descent at an unsafe altitude (below the glide) and misjudged the distance with the ground.

Crash of a Douglas R6D-1 off Rio de Janeiro: 35 killed

Date & Time: Feb 25, 1960 at 1307 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
131582
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Buenos Aires - Rio de Janeiro
MSN:
43685
YOM:
1953
Country:
Crew on board:
7
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
31
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
35
Circumstances:
The R4D-6 left Buenos Aires at 0825LT on a flight to Rio de Janeiro, carrying a delegation of musicians who would take part to a ceremony dedicated to the official visit in Rio de Janeiro of the US President Eisenhower. At 12:56 the crew reported over the BAGRE fix, entering the Rio Approach Control zone. The plane then descended to 1500 m reaching the Ilha Rasa (IH) NDB at 13:05. The crew were then instructed to arrive over the RJ NDB at 1800 m altitude and continue to the KX NDB descending to 1500 m. At the KX NDB the plane could enter the approach path for Galeao Airport. At 13:07 the flight reported passing over RJ at 1800 m, but the plane was in fact still approaching the NDB! False radio compass indications in the area are not uncommon; they are influenced by a steel cable car in the area. REAL DC-3 PP-AXD had left Campos at 12:10 for a flight to Rio de Janeiro. The flight reported at the Porto das Caixas fix at 12:58. at 1650 m. He was told to head for the RJ NDB at 1800 m and was later cleared for 1500 m to carry out the Victor Procedure for an approach to Santos Dumont Airport. The DC-3 overflew the RJ NDB at 13:06 at 1700 m. While carrying out the standard 180° turn to the left, the DC-3 was hit on its right side in an upward direction by the US Navy DC-6. The collision occurred at about 1600 m; the DC-3 crashed into the bay just southeast of Sugar Loaf Mountain; the DC-6 crashed into the bay just north of the mountain.
Probable cause:
According to the Brazilian Investigations Board, the accident was attributed to an error of the personnel (pilot of the DC-6) due to improper piloting procedure when flying on authorized instrument flight. The pilot disobeyed the instructions transmitted by Rio Approach Control. An investigation by the US Navy came to a different cause: The accident cannot be attributed to either of the aircraft involved, the manner in which either was operated, or to any
significant actions or errors of the crews. The roles of the language problem, the lack of modern air navigation and control aids and the methods of aircraft traffic control used at Rio de Janeiro, although extremely material, do not attain the status of immediate causes of the accident according to the evidence adduced. Had these matters been different, in one or more respects favorable to greater air safety, this accident might have been avoided. These problems were, however, common to the flights of all aircraft in the area and were well known by the pilots and controller to exist. It is evident that uncertainty on the part of the controller as to the original position of the DC-3; his underestimation of the time factors, including aircraft reaction time; and his lack of appreciation of the communications difficulties and the increasing seriousness of the situation, combined to create the conditions which led to the collision.