Lima-Callao-Jorge Chávez

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

Schedule:

Caracas - Lima

MSN:

20956

YOM:

1974

Flight number:

ACQ341

Location:

Lima-Callao-Jorge Chávez

Lima

Country:

Region:

Swearingen SA227 Metro III

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Captain / Total flying hours:

25502

Copilot / Total flying hours:

2229

Aircraft flight hours:

62716

Aircraft flight cycles:

62162

Circumstances:

Following an uneventful flight from Caracas, the crew started the approach to Lima-Callao-Jorge Chávez Airport when the crew noted an asymmetric warning with the flaps. The crew decided to continue the approach but failed to lower the undercarriage. The aircraft belly landed at a speed of 190 knots and slid on runway 15 for 2,347 metres before coming to rest. All 100 occupants escaped uninjured while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.

Probable cause:

Failure of the crew to verify and check the Non Normal Checklist of the Quick Reference Handbook (QRH) due to technical problems at the time of approach and landing, causing the omission of the extension of the gear and subsequent contact of the aircraft with the runway with landing gear retracted. The following findings were identified:
- During the approach, an indication of flap asymmetry presented.
- Due to the tightness of the itinerary programmed by the company, the total flight hours and the flight's working day were within the limits of the maximum allowed by the RAP, which could have influenced (due to fatigue) the poor performance by the crew.
- The lack of recording of some parameters of the flight recorders (FDR and CVR) prevented the resolution of some important and useful details for the investigation.
- The flap asymmetry indication, due to an indication fault in the Flap Position Indicator caused by high electrical resistance originating from the winding inside the synchro transmitter of the right side Flap Position Transmitter.
- The omission of the use in the approach phase of the procedures described in the QRH for this type of abnormal situations.
- The lack of decision to carry out a Go Around, taking into account that the period of time to carry out the QRH procedures for this abnormal situation was not going to be enough.
- Overconfidence (complacency) during the approach phase under abnormal conditions (indication of flap asymmetry).
- Lack of Crew Resource Management during the approach and landing phases, especially under abnormal conditions.
- Lack of leadership during the abnormal situation presented.
- Lack of communication with the Control Tower about the abnormal conditions in which the approach and landing were to be carried out.
- Itinerary very adjusted to the limits of flight hours and working hours, established by the RAP.

Final Report:

Crash of a Swearingen SA227AC Metro III in Trujillo

Date & Time: Nov 28, 2000 at 0625 LT

Type of aircraft:

Operator:

Registration:

N3107P

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Cargo

Survivors:

Site:

Schedule:

Lima - Trujillo

MSN:

AC-496

YOM:

1981

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Circumstances:

On November 28, 2000, at 0625 eastern standard time, a Fairchild SA227AC transport category airplane, N3107P, was substantially damaged while landing with an unsafe gear indication on the right main landing gear at the Trujillo International Airport, near Trujillo, Peru. The two commercial pilots aboard the cargo flight were not injured. The airplane was owned by Joda LLC, of Town and Country, Missouri, and was being operated as a cargo freighter by Aero Condor S.A., of Lima, Peru. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed for the cargo flight for which a VFR flight plan was filed. The scheduled cargo flight originated from the Lima International Airport, near Lima, Peru, approximately 0530. The operator reported that the flight crew had reported a complete loss of hydraulic power prior to initiating the approach. The flight crew was not able to extend the right main landing gear due to a leak in a hydraulic line in the right landing gear well. The runway was foamed and the crew performed an emergency landing with the other two landing gears extended. Examination of the airplane by the operator revealed structural damage to the right wing and the underside section of the tail section of the airplane. The right engine and the 4-propeller blades for the right engine were also damaged. Both pilots were uninjured.

Crash of an IAI-1124 Westwind II near Guatemala City: 5 killed

Date & Time: Feb 19, 1997 at 0306 LT

Type of aircraft:

IAI 1124 Westwind

Operator:

Inversiones Venezuela

Registration:

YV-160CP

Flight Phase:

Charter/Taxi (Non Scheduled Revenue Flight)

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

Mountains

Schedule:

Lima – Guatemala City

MSN:

211

YOM:

1977

Location:

Guatemala City-La Aurora

Guatemala

Country:

Guatemala

Region:

Central America

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Circumstances:

While descending to Guatemala City-La Aurora Airport by night, the crew failed to realize his altitude was insufficient when the aircraft struck the slope of a mountain located 14,4 km short of runway. The aircraft disintegrated on impact and all five occupants were killed.

Probable cause:

Controlled flight into terrain after the crew descended below the MDA for unknown reasons.

Crash of a Boeing 757-23A off Lima: 70 killed

Date & Time: Oct 2, 1996 at 0111 LT

Type of aircraft:

Boeing 757-200

Operator:

Registration:

N52AW

Flight Phase:

Flight

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

Lake, Sea, Ocean, River

Schedule:

Miami - Lima - Santiago

MSN:

25489

YOM:

1992

Flight number:

PL601

Location:

Lima

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Captain / Total flying hours:

21955

Captain / Total hours on type:

1520.00

Copilot / Total flying hours:

7954

Copilot / Total hours on type:

719

Aircraft flight hours:

10654

Aircraft flight cycles:

2673

Circumstances:

The aircraft departed Lima-Jorge Chávez Airport at 0042LT on an international regular service to Santiago de Chile, carrying 61 passengers and a crew of nine. When they took off and reached speed V2 + 10, the crew noticed that the altimeters were not responding and that something irregular was occurring. They therefore decided to notify the control tower in Lima to declare an emergency, consulted Lima for confirmation of their altitude by radar, and requested assistance to return via radar vectors. After 29 minutes of flight, while returning to Lima airport and with the crew attempting to control the aircraft, it impacted with the sea 48 nautical miles from the airport, with the total loss of the aircraft and all of its occupants.

Probable cause:

The following findings were reported:
- It can be deduced from the investigation carried out that the maintenance staff did not remove the protective adhesive tape from the static ports. This tape was not detected during the various phases of the aircraft's release to the line mechanic, its transfer to the passenger boarding apron and, lastly, the inspection by the crew responsible for the flight (the walk-around or pre-flight check), which was carried out by the pilot-in-command, according to the mechanic responsible for the aircraft on the day of the accident.
- The pilot-in-command made a personal error by not complying with the procedure for GPWS alarms and not noticing the readings of the radio altimeters in order to discard everything which he believed to be fictitious.
- The copilot made a personal error by not being more insistent, assertive and convincing in alerting the pilot-in-command much more emphatically to the ground proximity alarms.

Final Report:

Crash of a Boeing 737-222 in Arequipa: 123 killed

Date & Time: Feb 29, 1996 at 2025 LT

Type of aircraft:

Boeing 737-200

Operator:

Registration:

OB-1451

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

Arequipa-Alfredo Rodríguez Ballón

Schedule:

Lima – Arequipa – Tacna

MSN:

19072

YOM:

1968

Flight number:

CF251

Location:

Arequipa

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

117

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

123

Circumstances:

The approach to Arequipa-Rodríguez Ballón Airport was completed by night and poor weather conditions with heavy rain falls. On final approach, the crew failed to realize his altitude was insufficient when the aircraft struck a hill and crashed 6,3 km from runway 09 threshold. The aircraft disintegrated on impact and all 123 occupants were killed.

Probable cause:

Controlled flight into terrain. It was reported that during his last communication with ATC, the pilot reported his altitude at 9,500 feet while the real altitude of the aircraft was 8,644 feet. It is believed that the accident may have been caused by an altimeter misreading or a wrong altimeter setting. The lack of visibility was considered as a contributing factor.

Crash of a Tupolev TU-134A-3 in Lima

Date & Time: Apr 15, 1995

Type of aircraft:

Tupolev TU-134

Operator:

Registration:

OB-1553

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

Schedule:

Cuzco - Lima

MSN:

60206

YOM:

1977

Location:

Lima-Callao-Jorge Chávez

Lima

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Circumstances:

After takeoff from Cuzco-Alejandro Velasco Astete, one of the tyre on the left main gear burst. The crew decided to continue to Lima when, on approach, the left main gear could not be lowered and remained stuck in its wheel well. Upon landing, the aircraft sank on its left side and slid for few dozen metre before coming to rest. All 73 occupants were evacuated safely while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.

Crash of a Yakovlev Yak-40 on Mt Carpish: 31 killed

Date & Time: Feb 25, 1994

Type of aircraft:

Yakovlev Yak-40

Operator:

Registration:

OB-1559

Flight Phase:

Flight

Flight Type:

Convair CV-440 Metropolitan

Survivors:

Site:

Mountains

Schedule:

Juanjui – Tocache – Tingo María – Lima

MSN:

9 64 09 50

YOM:

1976

Flight number:

OD028

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Circumstances:

Six minutes after takeoff from Tingo María Airport, while flying in clouds at an altitude of 13,000 feet, the aircraft struck the slope of Mt Carpish located about 45 km southwest of Tingo María Airport. The wreckage was found in an isolated area on March 5 only. All 31 occupants were killed.

Probable cause:

Controlled flight into terrain.

Crash of a Convair CV-440 Metropolitan near Colquemarca

Date & Time: Sep 14, 1993

Type of aircraft:

Operator:

Registration:

CP-2256

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

Schedule:

Lima - La Paz

MSN:

447

YOM:

1957

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Circumstances:

While cruising at the altitude of 18,000 feet, the aircraft suffered a hydraulic failure. Some instruments failed and the crew elected to gain height to have a better visibility when shortly later, the right engine backfired and lost power. The captain decided to make an emergency landing but encountered local patches of fog. The aircraft eventually belly landed on a plateau and came to rest. All three crew members were rescued.

Probable cause:

Hydraulic failure for unknown reasons.

Crash of a Mitsubishi MU-2B-36A Marquise in Uchiza

Date & Time: Jul 10, 1991

Type of aircraft:

Mitsubishi MU-2 Marquise

Operator:

Transportes Aéreos Unidos de la Selva Amazonica - TAUSA

Registration:

OB-1219

Flight Phase:

Takeoff (climb)

Flight Type:

Ferry

Survivors:

Site: