Crash of a Learjet 24B near Cuatro Ciénegas: 2 killed

Date & Time: Dec 16, 1988
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
N234CM
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Memphis - Addison
MSN:
24-214
YOM:
1970
Country:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Circumstances:
The crew departed Memphis on a flight to Addison, Texas. En route, the crew was cleared to climb to FL300 but the aircraft continued to climb without authorization until FL440. ATC tried to contact the crew without success. It was decided to dispatch a USAF Northrop T-38 Talon fighter and his pilot confirmed that the cockpit windows were covered by frost and that he was unable to contact the crew. The aircraft continued its route to the south, entered the Mexican airspace and few minutes later, after both engines failed due to fuel exhaustion, the aircraft entered a dive and crashed near Cuatro Ciénegas. The aircraft disintegrated on impact and both pilots were killed, among them the NASA astronaut-candidate Susan Reynolds aged 27.
Probable cause:
It is believed that the cabin pressurization system failed in flight, causing a slow decompression of the cabin. The crew probably lost consciousness then died after suffering hypoxia. After the fuel exhausted, both engines failed and the aircraft entered a rapid descent and crashed.

Crash of a Learjet 24F in Macaé: 2 killed

Date & Time: Feb 24, 1988
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
PT-LMA
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Rio de Contas – Macaé
MSN:
24-353
YOM:
1977
Country:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Circumstances:
On final approach to Macaé Airport, both engines lost power simultaneously. The aircraft stalled and crashed few hundred meters short of runway. Both pilots were killed while four other occupants were injured.

Crash of a Learjet 24A in Vail: 3 killed

Date & Time: Mar 27, 1987 at 2045 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N31SK
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Denver - Vail
MSN:
24-118
YOM:
1966
Location:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
1
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Captain / Total flying hours:
19275
Captain / Total hours on type:
2000.00
Aircraft flight hours:
8432
Circumstances:
After refueling in Denver, the medical evacuation flight was diverted from Aspen to Eagle to enplane the patient. IFR flight to Eagle was uneventful and radar service was terminated after the controller cleared the flight for the lDA-A approach to the Eagle Airport which shows a 239° inbound course. The last radio contact occurred when the crew replied 'we're 8 to 10 out and it's clear ahead' to Eagle radio in answer to a request for a base report. The flight collided with an 8,022 foot msl mountaintop bearing 298°, 3.88 miles from the airport while in the approach configuration. The safety board believes the flight was circling to land on runway 07, and the dark night prevented required visual lookout to avoid terrain obstructions. The Jeppesen approach charts used by the flightcrew did not accurately depict terrain obstructions within the 5-mile radius of the airport as stipulated in their legend. The safety board believes this could have mislead the flightcrew. All three occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
Occurrence #1: in flight collision with terrain/water
Phase of operation: approach - vfr pattern - base leg/base to final
Findings
1. (f) terrain condition - mountainous/hilly
2. (f) preflight planning/preparation - inadequate - pilot in command
3. (f) lack of familiarity with geographic area - pilot in command
4. (f) light condition - dark night
5. Visual lookout - not possible - pilot in command
6. (f) approach charts - inaccurate
7. (c) planned approach - improper - pilot in command
8. (c) proper altitude - not maintained - pilot in command
9. (f) minimum descent altitude - disregarded - pilot in command
Final Report:

Crash of a Learjet 24 in Detroit

Date & Time: Sep 3, 1986 at 0653 LT
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
N88JF
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Kansas City - Detroit
MSN:
24-110
YOM:
1966
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
3468
Captain / Total hours on type:
233.00
Aircraft flight hours:
8468
Circumstances:
The crew attempted an ILS approach with indefinite ceiling and RVR down to zero due to fog. The copilot was at controls. During a missed approach, the aircraft contacted runway where glideslope intersects terrain with sufficient force to shear all three landing gear. The right engine spolled down during climbout. The crew diverted to Detroit-Metropolitan Airport and complete a gear up landing. Minor fire broke out during ground slide. Both altimeters bench checked within tolerances. All three crew escaped with minor injuries.
Probable cause:
Occurrence #1: in flight collision with terrain/water
Phase of operation: missed approach (IFR)
Findings
1. (c) missed approach - improper - copilot/second pilot
2. (f) lack of total experience in type of aircraft - copilot/second pilot
3. (c) minimum descent altitude - exceeded - copilot/second pilot
4. (f) overconfidence in personal ability - pilot in command
5. (c) supervision - improper - pilot in command
----------
Occurrence #2: loss of engine power
Phase of operation: climb
Findings
6. (c) engine installation, suspension mounts - previous damage
----------
Occurrence #3: fire
Phase of operation: landing - roll
Findings
7. (c) landing gear - previous damage
Final Report:

Crash of a Learjet 24 in North Perry

Date & Time: May 7, 1986 at 1800 LT
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
N55NJ
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
North Perry - North Perry
MSN:
24-162
YOM:
1968
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
13325
Captain / Total hours on type:
2367.00
Circumstances:
The pilot stated he made a normal approach and landing but on rollout discovered he had no brakes. The aircraft traveled off the left side of the runway and collided with a fence surrounding a ballpark. Post crash examination of the hydraulic system revealed that the hydraulic reservoir was empty and the main accumulator and the thrust reverser accumulator had no air charge. All four occupants escaped uninjured.
Probable cause:
Occurrence #1: airframe/component/system failure/malfunction
Phase of operation: landing - roll
Findings
1. (c) hydraulic system, reservoir - low level
2. (c) aircraft preflight - poor - pilot in command
3. (c) maintenance, service of aircraft/equipment - improper - other maintenance personnel
----------
Occurrence #2: overrun
Phase of operation: landing - roll
----------
Occurrence #3: on ground/water collision with object
Phase of operation: landing - roll
Findings
4. Object - fence
Final Report:

Crash of a Learjet 24D off San Clemente Island: 2 killed

Date & Time: Mar 5, 1986
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N97DM
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
MSN:
24-253
YOM:
1972
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Circumstances:
The crew was engaged in a military exercise consisting of an aerial attack of a US Navy vessel. In unknown circumstances, the aircraft collided with a second Flight International Learjet 35 registered N39DM. Both aircraft crashed in the sea about 27 miles southeast of San Clemente Island and all four crew members were killed.
Probable cause:
In-flight collision for unknown reasons.

Crash of a Learjet 24B in Toulouse

Date & Time: Dec 18, 1985
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
F-BRNL
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
24-183
YOM:
1969
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
0
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
Crashed upon landing at Toulouse-Blagnac Airport. There were no casualties.

Crash of a Learjet 24D near Juneau: 4 killed

Date & Time: Oct 22, 1985 at 2043 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N456JA
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Anchorage – Juneau
MSN:
24-265
YOM:
1973
Location:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
4
Captain / Total flying hours:
5578
Captain / Total hours on type:
547.00
Aircraft flight hours:
6303
Circumstances:
During arrival to pick up a medevac patient, the flight was cleared for an LDA-1 runway 08 approach via the Asort transition. Thus, the pilot should have continued southeast on J-541 toward the SSR vortac and intercepted the localizer (loc) at Asort; then track inbound on the loc (062°), using I-JDL frequency 109.9 MHz (frequency for loc and co-located DME). After Asort, minimum altitude was 6,500 feet to Dibol intersection, 5,100 feet to Lynns intersection and 3,400 feet to the faf at Barlo intersection. DME from I-JDL to the intersections was: 18.2, 13.5 and 8 miles. DME from SSR (south of loc track) to the intersections was 11.2, 12.7 and approximately 16 miles. Flight reported Asort inbound while descending thru approximately 9,500 feet. Last radio call was 30 seconds later while descending thru 8,200 feet, 14 miles west of Dibol. Approximately 4 miles west of Dibol, aircraft impacted mountain side at 3,500 feet msl. No preimpact mechanical malfunction was found. There was evidence that both nav's were tuned to 109.9 MHz, but DME control head was inadvertently left in 'hold' position (locking DME to SSR rather than I-JDLl) and crew began a premature descent. Juneau weather was in part: 600 feet scattered, 3,000 feet overcast, 7 miles visibility. Pilot-in-command was currently flying both Learjet and DHC-7. All four occupants, two pilots and two doctors, were killed.
Probable cause:
Occurrence #1: in flight collision with terrain/water
Phase of operation: approach - iaf to faf/outer marker (ifr)
Findings
1. (f) comm/nav equipment,distance measuring eqpt(dme) - not switched
2. (c) flight/navigation instrument(s) - improper use of
3. (f) habit interference - pilot in command
4. (c) became lost/disoriented - inadvertent - pilot in command
5. (c) descent - premature
6. (c) unsafe/hazardous condition - not identified - copilot/second pilot
7. (f) light condition - dark night
8. (f) weather condition - clouds
9. (f) terrain condition - mountainous/hilly
10. (c) proper altitude - not maintained - pilot in command
11. (f) terrain condition - rising
Final Report:

Crash of a Learjet 24XR in Gulkana: 3 killed

Date & Time: Aug 20, 1985 at 0205 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N455JA
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Anchorage - Gulkana
MSN:
24-300
YOM:
1974
Location:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
1
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Captain / Total flying hours:
5582
Captain / Total hours on type:
801.00
Aircraft flight hours:
6645
Circumstances:
During a night arrival, the flight was on an instrument approach to the Gulkana Airport when radio contact with the aircraft was lost. A search was initiated and the wreckage was found 7.4 miles north of the terminal VOR on the 330° radial. The inbound course for the VOR runway 14 approach was on the 315° radial. An on-scene exam revealed the aircraft was tracking inbound when it collided with trees, crashed and burned about 2.4 miles before reaching the final approach fix. Both engines were operating during impact and both had ingested considerable tree material. No preimpact mechanical failure was evident. The captain and 1st officer were currently responsible for flying both the Learjet and DHC-7 aircraft. This was the captain's 1st day of work after returning from a vacation trip to Hawaii (approximately 1-1/2 weeks). The 1st officer had an adequate period for crew rest prior to reporting for work; however, he had previously been working a varied schedule. The operator repeatedly shifted pilots from 14 cfr 135 rest/duty requirements to those of 14 cfr 121. All three occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
Occurrence #1: in flight collision with object
Phase of operation: approach - iaf to faf/outer marker (ifr)
Findings
1. (f) weather condition - rain
2. (f) light condition - dark night
3. (c) ifr procedure - improper - pilot in command
4. (c) remedial action - not attained - copilot/second pilot
5. (f) fatigue (circadian rhythm) - copilot/second pilot
6. (f) fatigue (flight schedule) - company/operator management
7. (f) object - tree(s)
8. (c) minimum descent altitude - not maintained
----------
Occurrence #2: in flight collision with terrain/water
Phase of operation: descent - uncontrolled
Final Report:

Crash of a Learjet 24B in Provins: 2 killed

Date & Time: Jun 10, 1985
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
F-BSRL
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Marseille - Paris
MSN:
24-210
YOM:
1969
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Circumstances:
The crew started the descent to Paris-Le Bourget when the aircraft went out of control, entered a dive and crashed in an open field located in Provins, about 77 km southeast of Le Bourget Airport. The aircraft was destroyed and both occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
The loss of control occurred following an in-flight fire from unknown origin.