Fokker F28 Fellowship

Operator:

Registration:

PK-GVC

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

Palembang-Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II

Schedule:

Jakarta - Palembang

MSN:

11039

YOM:

1971

Flight number:

GA150

Location:

South Sumatra

Country:

Indonesia

Region:

Asia

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Aircraft flight hours:

8516

Aircraft flight cycles:

7533

Circumstances:

While descending to Palembang-Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II Airport, the crew encountered foggy conditions that reduced the visibility to 50 meters. On final approach, the airplane descended too low when it struck coconut trees and crashed about 4 km short of runway 28. All four crew members and 21 passengers were killed as well as one people on the ground. All 36 other occupants were injured. The aircraft was destroyed.

Probable cause:

The crew decided to continue the approach under VFR mode in a visibility that was below minimus. The crew led the airplane pass below the MDA until it impacted trees and crashed.

Crash of a Fokker F28 Fellowship 1000 in Bergamo

Date & Time: Apr 9, 1975 at 0850 LT

Type of aircraft:

Operator:

Registration:

I-TIDA

Flight Phase:

Takeoff (climb)

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

Schedule:

Bergamo - Rome

MSN:

11014

YOM:

1969

Flight number:

IH779

Location:

Bergamo-Orio al Serio

Lombardy

Country:

Italy

Region:

Europe

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Aircraft flight hours:

12139

Aircraft flight cycles:

14456

Circumstances:

During the takeoff roll at Bergamo-Orio al Serio Airport, the captain started the rotation when he noticed a sudden loss of power on both engines. Decision to abandon the takeoff was taken and the captain initiated an emergency braking procedure. Unable to stop within the remaining distance, the airplane overran, struck several approach lights, lost its nose gear and came to rest 200 meters further. All 31 occupants evacuated safely while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.

Crash of a Fokker F28 Fellowship 1000 off Istanbul: 42 killed

Date & Time: Jan 30, 1975 at 1850 LT

Type of aircraft:

Operator:

Registration:

TC-JAP

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Marmara Region (Marmara Bölgesi)

Survivors:

Site:

Lake, Sea, Ocean, River

Schedule:

Izmir - Istanbul

MSN:

11058

YOM:

1972

Flight number:

TK345

Location:

Istanbul

Country:

Turkey

Region:

Asia

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Aircraft flight hours:

3713

Aircraft flight cycles:

5062

Circumstances:

By night, the crew was approaching runway 06 at Istanbul-Yeşilköy Airport when all runway lights failed due to an electrical power failure. The crew initiated a go-around manoeuvre when 22 seconds later, the power was reset. The crew contacted ATC to obtain a landing clearance but as a Pan Am Boeing 707 was taking off from the same runway, ATC instructed the crew to extend a downwind circuit to the west. Few minutes later, while cruising under VFR mode at an altitude of 800 feet, the airplane went out of control and crashed into the Marmara Sea about 30 km west of the Airport. The aircraft was destroyed and all 42 occupants were killed.

Probable cause:

The exact cause of the accident could not be determined. However, it is believed that the pilot-in-command may lose control of the airplane after suffering a spatial disorientation while flying by night under VFR mode over the Marmara Sea without any visual reference points.

Crash of a Fokker F28 Fellowship 1000 in Izmir: 66 killed

Date & Time: Jan 26, 1974 at 0730 LT

Type of aircraft:

Operator:

Registration:

TC-JAO

Flight Phase:

Takeoff (climb)

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

Aegean Region (Ege Bölgesi)

Schedule:

Izmir - Istanbul

MSN:

11057

YOM:

1972

Flight number:

TK301

Location:

Izmir-Cumaovasi

Country:

Turkey

Region:

Asia

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Captain / Total flying hours:

2600

Captain / Total hours on type:

577.00

Copilot / Total flying hours:

2794

Copilot / Total hours on type:

395

Aircraft flight hours:

2269

Aircraft flight cycles:

3133

Circumstances:

Shortly after closing the doors and receiving tower permission the aircraft was taxied to the threshold of Runway 35 and began a rolling takeoff without delay. According to witnesses the aircraft had run approximately 3,200 feet before becoming airborne. When about 8 to 10 meters above the ground it yawed to the left and pitched nose-down. Contact with the ground was made in a nearly level attitude, first by the outboard fairing doors of the left wing flap, then by the left side of the fuselage belly, hitting the bank of a drainage ditch, which parallels the left (west) side of the runway at a distance of 28 meters from the runway. The aircraft then disintegrated and caught fire within 100 meters of travel. A crew member and six passengers survived while 66 other occupants were killed.

Probable cause:

The aircraft stalled on takeoff due to over-rotation and frost accretion on the wings. The aircraft remained overnight at Cumaovasi Airport in an open area. In the morning, 26 January at 0400 GMT, the temperature was 0° C and the relative humidity was 95%. When the takeoff was made the temperature had reached +3° C and the humidity 97%. In that weather condition some frost accretion existed on the upper wing surfaces and elevators. (The same kind of frost occurred on the wings of another F28 waiting at the apron at the same hours next day under almost the same meteorological conditions.) During the walk-around inspection prior to takeoff, frost formation was not noticed. It is quite possible that the temperature on the wings and tail of an aircraft parked overnight in the open could be even lower due to radiation. The length of Cumaovasi runway is 6,005 feet. According to the temperature and to the load of the aircraft a run of 2,800 feet is required to reach V1 and VR. Indications of the flight data recorder were that the aircraft became airborne when it reached 124 kt and a 3,200 feet run. The data recorder also showed that the speed of the aircraft reached 133 kt then dropped to 124 kt when it veered left. This indicates that the aircraft was rotated more than the normal angle of attack. It is believed that the frost accretion on the wings caused the aircraft to stall soon after takeoff, whereas it would have flown safely in normal conditions. Because of the low altitude after takeoff the pilot could not recover from the stall.

Final Report:

Crash of a Fokker F28 Fellowship 1000 in Torino: 38 killed

Date & Time: Jan 1, 1974 at 1238 LT

Type of aircraft:

Operator:

Registration:

I-TIDE

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

Schedule:

Cagliari - Bologna - Torino

MSN:

11015

YOM:

1969

Flight number:

IH897

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Aircraft flight hours:

8712

Aircraft flight cycles:

10206

Circumstances:

The approach to Torino-Caselle Airport was initiated in marginal weather with limited visibility due to foggy conditions and snow falls. On final, the flight crew failed to realize his altitude was insufficient when the airplane struck successively a tree and a building under construction before crashing in flames. The aircraft came to rest upside down about 3,7 km short of runway 36 threshold. A crew member and three passengers were rescued while 38 other occupants were killed. At the time of the accident, the RVR for runway 36 was 900 meters.

Crash of a Fokker F28 Fellowship 1000 in Bilbao

Date & Time: Dec 28, 1972

Type of aircraft:

Operator:

Registration:

EC-BVC

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Training

Survivors:

Site:

Schedule:

Bilbao - Bilbao

MSN:

11023

YOM:

1970

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Aircraft flight hours:

7634

Aircraft flight cycles:

6447

Circumstances:

The crew was completing a local training flight at Bilbao-Sondica Airport. Following several touch and goes, the crew started a new approach when he was faced with a flaps asymmetry warning. The captain decided to continue the approach and to perform a flapless landing. In heavy rain falls and with a tailwind component, the airplane landed long on a wet runway. After touchdown, it was unable to stop within the remaining distance and overran. While contacting soft ground, the nose gear and the right main gear collapsed then the aircraft came to rest, broken in three. All four crew members escaped uninjured while the aircraft was destroyed.

Probable cause:

Wrong approach configuration. The crew decided to land in a flapless configuration with a tailwind component at a too high speed, causing the aircraft to land too far down the runway. In such conditions, the airplane was unable to stop within the remaining distance.

Crash of a Fokker F28 Fellowship 1000 near Oslo: 40 killed

Date & Time: Dec 23, 1972 at 1634 LT

Type of aircraft:

Operator:

Registration:

LN-SUY

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

Mountains

Schedule:

Ålesund - Oslo

MSN:

11011

YOM:

1969

Flight number:

BU239

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Captain / Total flying hours:

12960

Captain / Total hours on type:

2163.00

Copilot / Total flying hours:

5150

Copilot / Total hours on type:

910

Aircraft flight hours:

8228

Aircraft flight cycles:

16710

Circumstances:

Following an uneventful flight from Ålesund, the crew started a night approach to runway 06 at Oslo-Fornebu Airport. During the descent in limited visibility due to the night and fog, the captain and the approach controller exchanged several messages of sympathy for Christmas. 13 seconds after passing 3,500 feet, the airplane descended 1,510 feet below the MDA. In a gear and flaps down configuration, the airplane struck tree tops and crashed in flames in a dense wooded area located about 16 km west of the airport. The aircraft was totally destroyed and only five passengers survived the crash while 40 other occupants were killed, among them all three crew members.

Probable cause:

The probable cause of the accident was incorrect navigation under a truncated instrument approach to runway 06 at Fornebu Airport. For reason that could not be determined with certainty, the aircraft descended well below the MDA and was off course by 2,5° at the time of the accident. The following factors were reported:
- The second ADF was probably tuned on a false frequency by mistake,
- It is possible that interferences has occurred with the ILS which may have transmitted wrong information to the aircraft,
- The captain did not have a rest period in accordance with legislation,
- The captain exchanged messages with ATC that were not authorized during the initial approach,
- The control tower bearing indicator was moved from its fixed position in the control desk, so that the possibility of random directional control was reduced.

Final Report:

Crash of a Fokker F28 Fellowship 1000 in Port Harcourt

Date & Time: Sep 19, 1972

Type of aircraft:

Operator:

Registration:

PH-FPT

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site: