Crash of a Cessna 402 in Anchorage: 2 killed

Date & Time: Apr 1, 1987 at 2130 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N967JW
Survivors:
No
MSN:
402-0067
YOM:
1967
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
1
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Captain / Total flying hours:
3577
Captain / Total hours on type:
210.00
Circumstances:
The aircraft was on the last leg of a scheduled commuter flight, when it crashed in a heavily wooded area while making a VFR approach to Merrill Field, Anchorage, AK. The captain and his sole passenger were killed in the crash when the airplane struck the ground upside-down in a near vertical attitude. The airplane's copilot, who had deplaned minutes before the accident flight, said he did not see the captain use the aircraft's auxiliary fuel tanks at any time during that evening's earlier flights. The airplane's main fuel tanks hold 100 gallons of useable fuel; it is estimated that the airplane would have consumed slightly more than 100 gallons of fuel at the time of the accident. Ample fuel remained in the auxiliary tanks, but an engine restart cannot be readily accomplished if the auxiliary tanks are not selected prior to the engine's quitting. Both occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
Occurrence #1: loss of engine power (total) - nonmechanical
Phase of operation: approach - vfr pattern - base turn
Findings
1. (c) fluid, fuel - starvation
2. (f) inattentive - pilot in command
3. (f) in-flight planning/decision - improper - pilot in command
----------
Occurrence #2: forced landing
Phase of operation: descent - emergency
----------
Occurrence #3: loss of control - in flight
Phase of operation: descent - emergency
Findings
4. (c) airspeed (vmc) - not maintained - pilot in command
5. (c) directional control - not maintained - pilot in command
----------
Occurrence #4: in flight collision with terrain/water
Phase of operation: descent - uncontrolled
Final Report:

Crash of a Cessna 402B in Mount Dianne: 5 killed

Date & Time: Feb 2, 1987 at 0639 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
VH-TLQ
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Cairns – Mount Dianne
MSN:
402B-1236
YOM:
1977
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
7
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
5
Circumstances:
The aircraft was the first of a group of four aircraft being used to return staff to an alluvial gold mine after a weekend break. The weather in the area of the destination was not suitable for a visual arrival and the aircraft was initially held for several minutes in an area five kilometres to the south of the strip, awaiting an improvement in the weather. The aircraft was then flown towards the strip and the pilot reported to a following aircraft that there had been a lot of rain and that the strip looked wet. He also advised that he intended to carry out a precautionary circuit and check if it was safe to land. No further transmissions were received from VH-TLQ. The wreckage of the aircraft was subsequently found burning in a river valley, 300 metres west of the threshold of runway 34. Surviving passengers stated that the aircraft struck trees shortly before impact. There were no ground witnesses. The aircraft had impacted the ground in a steep nose down left wing low attitude, at a low forward speed, then cartwheeled up rising ground before coming to rest inverted, 42 metres from the point of impact. The cabin area was destroyed by an ensuing fire.
Probable cause:
An inspection of wreckage did not reveal any mechanical defect or failure that could have contributed to the accident. The reasons for the apparent loss of control of the aircraft could not be determined.
Final Report:

Crash of a Cessna 402B in Joensuu: 1 killed

Date & Time: Dec 28, 1986
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
OH-CDU
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Helsinki - Joensuu
MSN:
402B-0034
YOM:
1971
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Circumstances:
Following an uneventful cargo flight from Helsinki, the pilote initiate the descent to Joensuu Airport. The visibility was poor due to snow falls and on final, the pilot lost control of the aircraft that crashed 7 km from the airport. The aircraft was destroyed and the pilot, sole on board, was killed.
Probable cause:
It was determined that the loss of control occurred after the pilot suffered a spatial disorientation while completing an approach in poor visibility. The following findings were reported:
- Limited visibility due to snow falls,
- There was no automatic pilot system,
- A beacon by Joensuu Airport was unserviceable at the time of the accident.

Crash of a Cessna 402A in Melbourne: 6 killed

Date & Time: Sep 3, 1986
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
VH-RED
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Melbourne - Leongatha
MSN:
402A-0130
YOM:
1969
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
5
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
6
Circumstances:
The flight was intended to return patients to their home area following medical treatment in Melbourne. After an apparently normal take-off, the aircraft ceased climbing at about 100 feet above ground level. In response to a query from the Tower, the pilot advised that the left engine had failed, that he was feathering the propeller and would return for landing. The aircraft was seen to be deviating to the left, towards a large array of power lines. These lines extend from about 40 feet to 90 feet above the ground, and as the aircraft converged with the array it was probably below the height of the upper wires. The aircraft then suddenly veered to the left and subsequently struck the ground in a steep nose-down attitude. A fire broke out on impact and destroyed much of the wreckage. The final manoeuvre performed by the aircraft was typical of that which occurs when one engine of a twin-engine aircraft is producing considerably less power than the other, and airspeed is reduced to below that required to maintain directional control. The pilot had reported that the left engine had failed, and the loss of control as described by witnesses was consistent with a reduction of power from this engine, combined with low airspeed.
Probable cause:
The investigation of the accident was hampered by the extent of the fire damage. However, an extensive technical examination did not reveal any evidence of a defect or malfunction with either the engines, the various systems or the airframe which might have contributed to the accident. Although the pilot had indicated that he was feathering the left propeller, it was determined that the propeller was not feathered at the time of the accident. It was not possible to establish if the pilot had subsequently elected not to initiate feathering action, or whether such action was initiated too late for it to be completed before impact with the ground. The reason for the loss of performance reported by the pilot could not be established. It is likely that while the aircraft was being manoeuvred to avoid the power lines and return for a landing, the airspeed decayed to below the minimum required to enable adequate control of the aircraft to be maintained. At the point where control of the aircraft was lost, there was insufficient height available for the pilot to effect recovery. The reason continued flight was attempted, rather than a controlled forced landing in open areas prior to the power lines, could not be determined.
Final Report:

Crash of a Cessna 402A on Mt Otto

Date & Time: Aug 29, 1986
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
P2-GKP
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Schedule:
Madang - Goroka
MSN:
402A-0121
YOM:
1969
Location:
Region:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The pilot started the descent to Goroka in marginal weather conditions when the aircraft struck trees and crashed on the slope of Mt Otto located 15 km northeast of Goroka Airport. All three occupants were injured and the aircraft was destroyed.

Crash of a Cessna 402B near Lawas: 8 killed

Date & Time: Feb 3, 1986 at 1930 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
M27-01
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Sandakan – Labuan
MSN:
402B-0893
YOM:
1975
Location:
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
6
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
8
Circumstances:
The aircraft departed Sandakan Airport on a flight to Labuan, Federal Territory of Labuan. On approach, the crew encountered poor visibility due to bad weather. While descending by night, the aircraft struck the slope of Mt Bukit Ibol located about 12 km east of Lawas, Sarawak. The wreckage was found a day later about 55 km southeast of Labuan Airport. The aircraft was destroyed and all eight occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
The crew continued the descent below minimum safe altitude in low visibility until the aircraft struck the ground.

Crash of a Cessna 402 in New Bedford

Date & Time: Jan 31, 1986 at 1544 LT
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
N4033Q
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Newport - New Bedford
MSN:
402-0133
YOM:
1967
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
1
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
1249
Captain / Total hours on type:
242.00
Aircraft flight hours:
4052
Circumstances:
The pilot experienced inadequate left engine manifold pressure during a takeoff attempt at Newport. The takeoff was aborted and afterwards the pilot decided to ferry the aircraft to New Bedford for inspection. The engine were restarted and operation was good. The flight to New Bedford was without incident until the aircraft was on a two miles final to runway 05 at this time the left engine stopped while the pilot attempted to feather the engine, both the engine and part of the left wing caught on fire. The pilot continued to the airport with the flaps and gear down and a speed at 125 mph. The pilot stated he was in a good position to land when he heard a loud bang which he described sounded like a cable. The aircraft entered a 25° left bank. He leveled the wings by reducing right engine power. Collision with trees to the left of the runway occurred afterwards. Examination of the aircraft disclosed that the left engine exhaust manifold header assembly, which is connected to the turbocharger, was cracked along a weld seam. Also revealed was that the aileron cables that are routed behind the left engine were burned to separation. Both occupants were injured.
Probable cause:
Occurrence #1: loss of engine power
Phase of operation: approach - vfr pattern - final approach
Findings
1. (c) exhaust system, manifold/pipe - cracked
2. (c) exhaust system, turbocharger - disabled
----------
Occurrence #2: fire
Phase of operation: approach - vfr pattern - final approach
Findings
3. (c) exhaust system - fire
----------
Occurrence #3: loss of control - in flight
Phase of operation: approach - vfr pattern - final approach
Findings
4. (c) flt control syst, aileron control - burned
5. (c) flight control, aileron - disabled
6. (f) aileron - not possible - pilot in command
----------
Occurrence #4: in flight collision with object
Phase of operation: approach - vfr pattern - final approach
Findings
7. Object - tree(s)
Final Report:

Crash of a Cessna 402 on Mt Nevado del Tolima: 4 killed

Date & Time: Jan 26, 1986
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
HK-2329P
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Panama City - Bogotá
Country:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
3
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
4
Circumstances:
While cruising at an altitude of 18,000 feet in marginal weather conditions, the twin engine aircraft struck the slope of Mt Nevado del Tolima. All four occupants were killed.

Crash of a Cessna 402 in Little Grand Rapids: 2 killed

Date & Time: Jan 16, 1986
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
C-GVBS
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
MSN:
402B-1022
YOM:
1975
Country:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Circumstances:
Struck trees, lost height and crashed on an icy lake located near Little Grand Rapids. Both occupants were killed.

Crash of a Cessna 402C in Detroit: 1 killed

Date & Time: Nov 12, 1985 at 0208 LT
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
N6788Y
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Teterboro - Detroit - Chicago
MSN:
402C-0433
YOM:
1980
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Captain / Total flying hours:
4900
Captain / Total hours on type:
350.00
Aircraft flight hours:
2607
Circumstances:
A 100-feet ceiling with 3,000 feet RVR existed at Detroit. The pilot attempted an ILS approach with a 200 feet dh when he struck trees one mile from the runway. He flew the aircraft to the airfield but crashed near the threshold. The only approach plates found onboard were for Detroit and Midway in Chicago. Midway was his final destination after Detroit. He did not have enough fuel to get to Midway. The rest of his approach plates were later found in his personal vehicle back in Pennsylvania. The pilot, sole on board, was killed.
Probable cause:
Occurrence #1: in flight collision with object
Phase of operation: approach - faf/outer marker to threshold (ifr)
Findings
1. (f) object - tree(s)
2. (c) ifr procedure - improper use of - pilot in command
3. (f) information unavailable - pilot in command
4. (f) weather condition - low ceiling
5. (c) preflight planning/preparation - inattentive - pilot in command
6. (f) self-induced pressure - pilot in command
7. (c) not performed - pilot in command
8. (c) visual lookout - reduced - pilot in command
9. (c) minimum descent altitude - not followed - pilot in command
----------
Occurrence #2: in flight collision with terrain/water
Phase of operation: descent - uncontrolled
Findings
10. (f) flt control syst, aileron control - loss, partial
11. (f) directional control - not possible - pilot in command
12. (f) flight control, aileron surface - loss, partial
13. (f) wing,wingtip - loss, total
Final Report: