Crash of a PZL-Mielec AN-2 in Aktyubinsk: 2 killed

Date & Time: Nov 16, 1981 at 1105 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-28849
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Aktyubinsk – Kenkiyak
MSN:
1G05-03
YOM:
1961
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
12
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Aircraft flight hours:
14157
Aircraft flight cycles:
26889
Circumstances:
The airplane was engaged in a flight from Aktyubinsk to Kenkiyak, carrying 12 passengers and a crew of two on behalf of an oil exploration company. Rotation was completed at a speed of 80 km/h after a course of 180 meters. During initial climb, at a height of 5-7 meters, at a speed of 120 km/h, the airplane banked left then lost height and crashed 210 meters from the runway end, rolled for about 26 meters and came to rest. Two passengers were killed while 12 other occupants were seriously injured.
Probable cause:
It was determined that the loss of control during initial climb was the consequence of a weight & balance problem. Investigations revealed that the aircraft was generally used for support and other missions in the past and was flying with passengers for the first time. By a local manufacturing plant, several equipment such as radios and batteries were moved to the rear of the cabin, modifying the center of gravity that was out of the envelope, too far aft (4%). For unknown reasons, the aircraft technical documents were not modified accordingly and the crew was not aware of these modifications.

Crash of a Douglas DC-9-32 near Zihuatanejo: 18 killed

Date & Time: Nov 8, 1981
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
XA-DEO
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Acapulco - Guadalajara
MSN:
47622/753
YOM:
1974
Flight number:
AM110
Country:
Crew on board:
6
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
12
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
18
Circumstances:
Thirty-five minutes after takeoff from Acapulco-General Juan N. Álvarez Airport, while cruising at an altitude of 31,000 feet, the aircraft suffered a cabin decompression. The crew declared an emergency and was cleared to reduce his altitude and to return to Acapulco for an emergency landing. Few minutes later, at an altitude of 6,000 feet, the airplane struck the slope of a mountain and crashed in the Sierra of Guerro, about 65 km east of Zihuatanejo. The aircraft disintegrated on impact and all 18 occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
The exact cause of the cabin decompression remains unknown while the crew failed to follow emergency procedures.

Crash of a De Havilland DHC-2 Beaver in Cartwright

Date & Time: Nov 4, 1981
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
C-FOCG
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
30
YOM:
1948
Country:
Crew on board:
0
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
Crashed in unknown circumstances upon landing in Cartwright. There were no casualties while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.

Crash of a De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter 300 in Bafoussam: 1 killed

Date & Time: Oct 31, 1981
Operator:
Registration:
TJ-CBC
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Bafoussam – Douala
MSN:
416
YOM:
1974
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
22
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Circumstances:
After takeoff from Bafoussam-Bamougoum Airport, the twin engine airplane encountered difficulties to gain height. It stalled and crash landed, overran and came to rest 43 meters past the runway end. A passenger was killed while all other occupants were injured.
Probable cause:
It was determined that the aircraft was overloaded at the time of the accident. It was also reported that the crew failed to prepare the flight according to procedures and failed to follow the pre-takeoff checklist.

Crash of a Britten-Norman BN-2A-2 Trislander III in Foya Kamala

Date & Time: Oct 28, 1981
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
EL-AIC
Flight Phase:
MSN:
1014
YOM:
1975
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
0
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
Crashed in unknown circumstances. Occupant's fate unknown.

Crash of a Tupolev TU-154B in Prague

Date & Time: Oct 21, 1981
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
HA-LCF
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Amsterdam - Prague - Budapest
MSN:
75A126
YOM:
1976
Flight number:
MA641
Region:
Crew on board:
6
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
75
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Aircraft flight hours:
8983
Aircraft flight cycles:
5642
Circumstances:
The descent to Prague-Ruzyne Airport was completed in marginal weather conditions with limited visibility. On final approach the airplane was too high on the glide and the crew decided to continue. At a height of about 5 meters, the crew deployed de spoilers and reduced the engine power, causing the airplane to descent abruptly. It struck the runway surface with a positive acceleration of 4 g and broke in two before coming to rest in the center of the runway. All 81 occupants were evacuated, among them 40 were injured. The aircraft was damaged beyond repair.
Probable cause:
Wrong approach configuration on part of the flying crew who decided to continue the approach, against published procedures. The captain failed to initiate a go-around maneuver.

Crash of a Douglas C-47B-25-DK in Kombolcha

Date & Time: Oct 7, 1981
Operator:
Registration:
ET-AHR
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
13311
YOM:
1944
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
0
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Aircraft flight hours:
26381
Circumstances:
Upon landing, one of the main landing gear collapsed. The airplane sank on its belly and came to rest. There were no casualties but the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.

Crash of a Fokker F28 Fellowship in Moerdijk: 17 killed

Date & Time: Oct 6, 1981 at 1712 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
PH-CHI
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Rotterdam - Eindhoven - Hamburg
MSN:
11141
YOM:
1979
Flight number:
HN431
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
13
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
17
Aircraft flight hours:
4485
Aircraft flight cycles:
5997
Circumstances:
During the preflight briefing, about 44 minutes prior to takeoff, the crew was informed about the presence of a low pressure area south of Rotterdam with thunderstorm activity and turbulences. At 1704LT, the airplane took off from Rotterdam Airport and climbed to the south according to departure routes. At 1709LT, the crew noticed heavy rainfall and thunderstorms on the weather radar and was cleared to change heading to avoid this area. Three minutes later, the airplane entered a zone of heavy altitude downdrafts and updrafts with severe turbulences, which resulted in loads on the airframe increasing to +6.8 G and -3,2 G. These excessive G loads compromised the structural integrity of the aircraft and especially the right wing from which a large portion separated. From an altitude of 3,000 feet, the airplane entered a dive and disintegrated while crashing on a highway crossing near Moerdijk. All 17 occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
The exact cause of the accident could not be determined with certainty.
Final Report:

Crash of a Britten-Norman BN-2A-27 Islander in Saint Peter

Date & Time: Sep 18, 1981 at 1842 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
G-BDNP
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Jersey - Guernesey
MSN:
496
YOM:
1976
Flight number:
JY245
Region:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
7
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
5400
Captain / Total hours on type:
250.00
Aircraft flight hours:
2174
Circumstances:
Jersey European Airways Flight 245 departed from Jersey Airport (JER) at 17:29 hrs UTC. This was a delayed flight since the aircraft originally allocated to the service G-BESO, had developed an engine fault shortly after takeoff and had returned to Jersey. Britten-Norman Islander G-BDNP was then made available as a replacement aircraft. The prevailing weather was a westerly wind with a cloud base of around 1,500 feet, and Flight 245 was cleared on a Special VFR flight plan to Guernsey (GCI) at a height not above 1,000 feet. When about 8 miles from the Guernsey coast the aircraft, under Guernsey Approach Radar Control, was directed to turn north towards the island of Herm as a delaying manoeuvre to allow a Partenavia, G-BFSU, inbound from the north-east to approach first. Shortly after making the turn the starboard propeller of G-BDNP began to hunt - a condition where the propeller blade angle alters in order to maintain a constant propeller RPM as the engine power fluctuates. The engine did not fail completely, so the Commander decided not to feather the propeller but requested from Air Traffic Control (ATC) a more direct approach to Guernsey Airport. This was agreed by ATC who then requested the Partenavia to carry out a right hand orbit in order to allow the Islander to approach first. Following closely behind the Islander was a Twin Otter, call sign G-BIMW. This resulted in a new landing sequence of the Islander, the Otter and then the Partenavia. The Commander of the Islander meanwhile had been trying to rectify the erratic running of the starboard engine by adjusting the carburettor heat and mixture controls, and by switching 'On' the auxiliary fuel pumps, but this did not achieve any improvement. He was, however, able to maintain 600 feet until established on a long final approach to runway 27 when the port engine suddenly lost power. As the aircraft yawed to port due to the power loss the starboard engine suddenly regained power for about one second, further accentuating the yaw. Realising that he could not now continue his approach to the airport he chose a landing site in an area of fields. He then selected the engine fuel mixture controls to 'Off' in order to prevent a sudden burst of power upsetting the approach, lowered full flap and carried out an emergency landing. The pilot stated that after touching down in one field the aircraft cleared a 6 feet high stone wall and then landed in the next field. Ground marks showed that it then travelled about 190 feet before the port main plane struck and then rode over a stone wall. This broke off the port undercarriage and deflected the aircraft to the right. It then continued through a five-bar gate, crossed a road, and came to rest in the driveway of a guest house. There was no fire and the passengers and the Commander were able to leave the aircraft through the doors and emergency windows. The Commander sustained severe laceration of his legs, broken fingers, and a head injury, but was able to assist in the evacuation of the eight passengers who had received only minor injuries. One of the passengers went immediately to the guest house and made an emergency telephone call for fire and ambulance assistance.
Probable cause:
The accident occurred because of the Commander's mismanagement of the aircraft's fuel system in that both engines failed through fuel starvation because the usable contents of the tip tanks, which were feeding the engines, became exhausted when there was ample fuel remaining in the aircraft's main tanks. Contributory factors were the Operator's procedures, inadequacies in the checklists, and the position of the fuel selector panel and switch levers in relation to the pilot's eyes.
Final Report: