Crash of an Ilyushin II-18D in Chongqing: 108 killed

Date & Time: Jan 18, 1988 at 2217 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
B-222
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Beijing - Chongqing
MSN:
187 0099 01
YOM:
1967
Flight number:
SZ4146
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
10
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
98
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
108
Circumstances:
At 2150LT, while approaching Chongqing-Baishiyi Airport, the n°4 engine failed. Seven minutes later, it caught fire and later detached. Aware that he would not reach the airport, the captain decided to attempt an emergency landing when the airplane struck power cables and crashed on a hill located 5,7 km short of runway, bursting into flames. The aircraft disintegrated on impact and all 108 occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
It was determined that the n°4 engine right starter generator became so hot that the feathering oil tube was burnt. The oil tube burst upon feathering of the prop and the engine caught fire.

Crash of a Tupolev TU-154B-1 in Krasnovodsk: 11 killed

Date & Time: Jan 18, 1988 at 0519 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-85254
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Moscow – Krasnovodsk – Ashgabat
MSN:
78A254
YOM:
1978
Flight number:
SU699
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
9
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
137
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
11
Aircraft flight hours:
15859
Aircraft flight cycles:
8082
Circumstances:
Following an uneventful flight from Moscow-Domodedovo, the crew started a night approach to Krasnovodsk Airport. The visibility was reduced due to the night combined with clouds down to 400 meters. The copilot was the pilot-in-command and he completed the approach at a speed of 270 km/h with flaps down at 28°. During the last segment, flaps were downed to an angle of 45° when the rate of descent increased to 10 meters per second. At a height of 30 meters, the copilot did not have visual contact with the runway but the captain decided to continue the approach. At an excessive speed of 275 km/h, the aircraft touched down 3 meters to the left of the runway centerline. It bounced, rolled for few hundred meters and came to rest on the main runway, broken in two. Eleven passengers were killed, 120 people were injured while 15 other escaped uninjured.
Probable cause:
Wrong approach configuration on part of the pilot-in-command (copilot) who continued the approach after passing the minimum descent altitude without any visual contact with the runway.
The following contributing factors were reported:
- Excessive approach speed and rate of descent,
- Poor approach planning and landing preparation,
- Lack of crew coordination,
- Lack of supervision on part of the captain,
- The crew failed to initiate a go-around procedure,
- Poor visibility due to the night and low clouds.

Ground accident of a Vickers 806 Viscount in Southend

Date & Time: Jan 11, 1988 at 1244 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
G-APIM
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
412
YOM:
1958
Region:
Crew on board:
0
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
While parked at Southend Airport, the four engine aircraft was struck by a Fairflight Short 330-200 registered G-BHWT and that would be convoyed from Southend to Biggin Hill for maintenance. After being parked at Southend Airport for a long time without any maintenance and due to hydraulic problems, the Short 330 was taxiing when the nosewheel steering system failed and the crew lost control of the aircraft that veered to the left and collided with the parked Viscount. Both pilots on board the Short escaped uninjured and both aircraft were damaged beyond repair.
Probable cause:
Corrosion within the emergency brake accumulator had allowed nitrogen to enter the main hydraulic system of the Short 330. In the past, the aircraft had been parked in the open for a considerable time without servicing.

Crash of a NAMC YS-11-109 in Yonago

Date & Time: Jan 10, 1988 at 0936 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
JA8662
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Yonago - Osaka
MSN:
2022
YOM:
1966
Flight number:
JD670
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
48
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
During the takeoff roll on runway 25, as V2 speed was reached, the copilot (pic) started the rotation but found the elevator control too heavy and decided to reject the takeoff. The crew initiated an emergency braking procedure but unable to stop within the remaining distance, the aircraft overran and plunged in the Nakaumi Lake. All 52 occupants were rescued, among them eight were injured. The aircraft was damaged beyond repair.
Probable cause:
Weather conditions were marginal at the time of the accident with light snow showers. It was determined that the crew failed to proceed to a deicing prior to takeoff. Thus it is believed that the elevator control may have been affected due to an accumulation of ice, frost and/or slush. It was also reported that the captain had been acting as such on YS-11 aircraft less then 6 months and that he was not allowed to leave the controls to the copilot during takeoff.
Final Report:

Crash of a Yakovlev Yak-40K in Luanda

Date & Time: Jan 8, 1988
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
D2-TYD
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
9 72 18 53
YOM:
1977
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
0
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
After touchdown, the three engine airplane was unable to stop within the remaining distance, overran and came to rest. There were no casualties and the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.

Crash of a De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter 300 off Samarinda: 17 killed

Date & Time: Dec 30, 1987
Operator:
Registration:
PK-NUY
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Samarinda - Berau
MSN:
459
YOM:
1975
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
14
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
17
Circumstances:
After takeoff from Samarinda, while climbing, the twin engine airplane went out of control, entered a dive and crashed in the sea few km offshore. All 17 occupants were killed.

Crash of a Douglas DC-9-31 in Pensacola

Date & Time: Dec 28, 1987 at 2339 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N8948E
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Richmond – Atlanta – Pensacola
MSN:
47184/274
YOM:
1968
Flight number:
EA573
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
103
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
13246
Captain / Total hours on type:
4397.00
Aircraft flight hours:
55645
Circumstances:
Eastern flight 573 contacted approach control at 2323 cst, was advised to expect an ILS runway 16 approach and was vectored around weather. At 2330, the controller advised the ILS glide slope (g/s) had gone into 'alarm' but the loc appeared normal. At 2333, the wind shifted to 310° at 7 knots. Since the bc approach to runway 34 was notamed as inop, the crew continued to runway 16, using 50° of flaps. At 2334, they told the controller, 'if you don't get the g/s up, we'll do a... loc approach.' They reported receiving the g/s, but were advised the g/s was still in alarm. The aircraft broke out of clouds in rain at 900 feet; light turbulence was encountered on final approach. At about 1 mile out, the f/o noted the aircraft was high and advised the captain. The captain pushed the nose over and reduced power, increasing speed and rate of descent. Requested altitude callouts were not made. F/O advised captain to flare, but flare was inadequate. The aircraft touched down hard and the fuselage failed between stations 813 and 756. Aircraft was stopped with the tail resting on the runway. Four passengers received minor injuries during evacuation. Weather study showed a moderate to strong (vip level 2 to 3) weather echo over the approach end of runway 16.
Probable cause:
The captain's failure to maintain a proper descent rate on final approach or to execute a missed approach, which caused the airplane to contact the runway with a sink rate exceeding the airplane's design limitations. Contributing to the cause of the accident was the failure of the captain and first officer to make required altitude callouts and to properly monitor the flight instruments during the approach.
Final Report:

Crash of a PZL-Mielec AN-2P in Okunevo

Date & Time: Dec 28, 1987
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-02531
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
1G121-15
YOM:
1970
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
0
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
Crashed on takeoff while being overloaded. No casualties.

Crash of a Douglas C-47B-15-DK in Robe

Date & Time: Dec 28, 1987
Operator:
Registration:
ET-AGO
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
15287/26732
YOM:
1944
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
3
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
Shortly after takeoff from Robe Airport, while climbing, the left engine lost power (down to 1,500 rpm) and the crew encountered severe vibrations. The captain decided to return to land to runway 15 but as he realized he could not make it, he attempted an emergency landing. The aircraft completed a belly landing in an open field located 2 km north of the airport. All seven occupants evacuated safely while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.

Crash of a Piper PA-31-350 Navajo Chieftain off Molokai: 8 killed

Date & Time: Dec 23, 1987 at 1853 LT
Operator:
Registration:
N712AN
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Honolulu – Molokai
MSN:
31-7652151
YOM:
1976
Flight number:
PV082
Location:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
7
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
8
Captain / Total flying hours:
2987
Captain / Total hours on type:
617.00
Aircraft flight hours:
6516
Circumstances:
The flight was to be flown across a 22 mile channel between islands on an overcast night with no moon and no ground reference lights. The aircraft disappeared from radar and, after extensive searches, could not be found. A three dimensional flight track was reconstructed using recorded radar data. The data indicated that in the last 60 seconds the aircraft slowed from 170 to 95 knots, gained 500 feet in altitude, and turned left 190° before abruptly disappearing from radar. Flight tests indicated that the movements of the aircraft in the last 60 seconds of the flight were consistent with a loss of the left engine, without compensation by the pilot. The operator's training program did not provide for night or instrument flight conditions. The last documented instrument time for the pilot was 15 months prior during a checkride. The pilot flew sporadic night flights. The pilot had previously flown during the day and was on his thirteenth hour of duty. The wreckage and all eight occupants were never found. However it is believed it crashed about 13 miles northwest of Maunaloa, on Molokai Island.
Probable cause:
Occurrence #1: loss of engine power
Phase of operation: cruise - normal
Findings
1. (f) 1 engine - undetermined
----------
Occurrence #2: loss of control - in flight
Phase of operation: cruise - normal
Findings
2. (f) light condition - dark night
3. (c) aircraft control - not maintained - pilot in command
4. (f) spatial disorientation - pilot in command
5. (c) airspeed (vmc) - not maintained - pilot in command
6. (f) fatigue (flight and ground schedule) - pilot in command
7. (f) lack of recent instrument time - pilot in command
8. (f) inadequate training - company/operator management
9. (c) stall/spin - inadvertent - pilot in command
----------
Occurrence #3: in flight collision with terrain/water
Phase of operation: descent - uncontrolled
Final Report: