Crash of a Swearingen SA227AC Metro III in Terrace: 7 killed

Date & Time: Sep 26, 1989 at 0828 LT
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
C-GSLB
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Prince Rupert - Terrace
MSN:
AC-481
YOM:
1981
Flight number:
SLK070
Country:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
5
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
7
Aircraft flight hours:
11177
Circumstances:
A Swearingen SA227-AC Metro III passenger plane, operating as Skylink Flight 070 was destroyed in accident at Terrace Airport, BC (YXT), Canada. All five passengers and two crew members were killed. Flight 070 took off from Vancouver, BC (YVR) at 06:51 on a scheduled domestic flight to Terrace, BC. At 08:20 Flight 070 was cleared for an approach at Terrace. At 08:27, at an altitude of 1,200 feet asl and just prior to reaching the published missed approach point (MAP), the captain stated "OK, I got the button here." Fourteen seconds after this, the captain saw the button of runway 27. At approximately this same time, the aircraft was observed on what corresponded to a downwind leg for runway 15 at about 500 feet above ground level (agl), flying straight and level over the threshold of runway 27, with the landing gear down. The aircraft crossed the localizer transmitter at an altitude of 1,100 feet asl and at an airspeed of 140 knots. Approximately 30 seconds after crossing the localizer transmitter, the aircraft commenced a descent out of 1,100 feet, and the flaps were lowered to the full position. The aircraft then levelled at an altitude of approximately 900 feet. At or about this same time, the aircraft was observed on base leg for runway 15 at a low altitude, close to the east/west ridge located about 1.5 miles north of the airport. Twenty-six seconds after full flap was selected, a missed approach was initiated, and the landing gear and flaps were selected up. Within five seconds of the initiation of the missed approach, the aircraft began to accelerate and a rate of climb of approximately 1,200 feet per minute was established. This rate of climb quickly diminished to zero, followed by the start of a descent which quickly increased to 3,000 feet per minute. As the aircraft descended, the co-pilot called "descending" twice. A few seconds later, the aircraft struck trees on the west side of runway 15 just inside the airport perimeter. A second and final impact with the ground occurred just outside the airport perimeter approximately 800 feet from the initial tree strike. A fire erupted following the ground impact.
Probable cause:
The crew continued with the approach beyond the missed approach point without establishing the required visual references. The evidence indicates that, while subsequently carrying out a missed approach in IFR conditions, the aircraft was flown into the ground in a manner consistent with disorientation. Contributing to the occurrence were the inadequacy of the company's operating procedures, the reduced operating standards, and the inadequate definition of the visual references required for a circling approach.

Crash of a Piper PA-31T-1040 Cheyenne III in Sachs Harbour: 5 killed

Date & Time: Sep 22, 1989
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
C-GBDH
Survivors:
No
MSN:
31-8375003
YOM:
1983
Country:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
4
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
5
Circumstances:
On final approach to Sachs Harbour Airport, the pilot encountered limited visibility due to fog when the aircraft crashed in a lake located 600 meters short of runway. All five occupants were killed.

Crash of a De Havilland DHC-2 Beaver off Taltheilei Narrows: 6 killed

Date & Time: Aug 21, 1989
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
C-GUJY
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
MSN:
393
YOM:
1952
Country:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
5
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
6
Circumstances:
Just after takeoff from Taltheilei Narrows harbor, while climbing, the single engine aircraft entered a steep left turn then descended into the lake and crashed, bursting into flames. All six occupants were killed. It seems that strong winds were gusting in the area at the time of the accident.

Crash of a Douglas C-118A Liftmaster near Sainte-Anne-des-Monts: 4 killed

Date & Time: Jun 26, 1989 at 1940 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
C-GBYA
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Bonaventure - Bonaventure
MSN:
43717
YOM:
1953
Country:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
4
Aircraft flight hours:
24220
Circumstances:
A Douglas C-118A (DC-6A) fire fighting plane was destroyed in an accident near Sainte-Anne-des-Monts, QC, Canada. All four crew members were killed. The Conifair plane took off from Bonaventure Airport, QC (YVB) at 19:15 for a spray operation 30 miles southeast of Sainte-Anne-des-Monts. This was to be the last spraying flight of the season out of the Bonaventure base. A crew of four was on board, including two flight engineers who were on a familiarization training flight. The aircraft was carrying 2,952 U.S. gallons of Dipel 132, a non-toxic microbial insecticide. The aircraft arrived over the spray area at 19:35. An inertial navigation system (INS) to follow pre-established spraying tracks. The first track was sprayed uneventfully. At the end of the first track, the aircraft made a 180-degree turn to spray the second track, which was parallel to and about 800 feet northeast of the first track. This meant that the aircraft had to fly from a valley at an elevation of 1,000 feet above sea level (asl) up a mountain consisting of two levels. The first level is about 1,800 feet asl and about 3,280 feet along the flight path. After the first level, the terrain rose within approximately 1,000 feet along the flight path, to the summit of the mountain at an elevation of 2,175 feet asl. The two occupants of a Cessna 310 spotter aircraft observed a decrease of the DC-6A ground speed during the climb over the first level of the mountain. They then noticed that the aircraft yawed and started a steep, left turn. The spotter crew stated that, shortly after the start of the left turn, the DC-6A left wing began to strike trees. The aircraft nosed down, crashed on the side of the mountain, and exploded at an elevation of 2,050 feet asl.
Probable cause:
On a low-level spraying flight, the crew attempted a climb over rising terrain which exceeded the climb performance of the aircraft.

Crash of a Piper PA-31-350 Navajo Chieftain off Pelée Island: 3 killed

Date & Time: Jun 24, 1989 at 2300 LT
Registration:
C-GSWC
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Pelée Island - Windsor
MSN:
31-7305067
YOM:
1973
Country:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
3
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Circumstances:
The twin engine aircraft was dispatched at Pelée Airport to evacuate to Windsor a patient. On board were one patient, his spouse, one ambulance officer and two pilots. Shortly after a night takeoff from runway 28, while climbing, the aircraft went out of control and crashed in Lake Erie. The copilot and the patient survived while three other occupants were killed.

Crash of a De Havilland DHC-3 Otter in the Grenville Channel

Date & Time: Jun 8, 1989
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N5323G
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Phoenix – Port Hardy – Prince Rupert – Gustavus
MSN:
91
YOM:
1956
Country:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The aircraft was on its way from Phoenix to Gustavus, AK, to be delivered to its new operator Glacier Bay Airways. On the leg from Port Hardy to Prince Rupert, while cruising at an altitude of 4,000 feet, the engine exploded and oil spread on the windscreen. The crew ditched the aircraft in the Grenville Channel and was quickly rescued. The aircraft sank and was not recovered.
Probable cause:
Engine explosion for unknown reasons.

Crash of a De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter 300 in Colville Lake

Date & Time: May 27, 1989 at 1130 LT
Operator:
Registration:
C-FMPH
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Colville Lake - Fort Good Hope
MSN:
319
YOM:
1971
Country:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
4
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
While taking off from a gravel airstrip at Colville Lake, the twin engine aircraft went out of control, veered off runway and collided with an airport building. All five occupants were rescued and the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.

Crash of a Douglas C-47A-25-DK in Bronson Creek

Date & Time: May 21, 1989 at 1350 LT
Operator:
Registration:
C-GWYX
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Wrangell - Bronson Creek
MSN:
13343
YOM:
1944
Country:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
On final approach to Bronson Creek Airport, the right engine caught fire. The crew reduced his altitude and completed an emergency landing in an open field. After touchdown, the aircraft slid for few dozen meters and eventually came to rest, bursting into flames. Both pilots evacuated safely.
Probable cause:
Engine fire on approach for unknown reasons.

Crash of a Piper PA-31-310 Navajo near Carleton: 1 killed

Date & Time: Apr 4, 1989 at 1150 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Schedule:
Quebec - Bonaventure
Location:
Country:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
5
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Circumstances:
The twin engine aircraft was completing a charter flight from Quebec City to Bonaventure, carrying five passengers and one pilot. Just before noon, while cruising in poor visibility due to low clouds, the aircraft struck trees, stalled and crashed in a wooded area located on Mt Saint-Joseph, about 4 km north of Carleton. The pilot was killed instantly and all five passengers were injured, three of them seriously. Both passengers who were slightly injured decided to walk away to find help and walked for about 7 hours before reaching Carleton. Rescue teams arrived on scene the next morning to evacuate the last three passengers.

Crash of a Fokker F28 Fellowship 1000 in Dryden: 24 killed

Date & Time: Mar 10, 1989 at 1209 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
C-FONF
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Thunder Bay - Dryden - Winnipeg
MSN:
11060
YOM:
1972
Flight number:
GX1363
Location:
Country:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
65
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
24
Captain / Total flying hours:
24100
Captain / Total hours on type:
82.00
Copilot / Total hours on type:
65
Aircraft flight hours:
20852
Aircraft flight cycles:
23773
Circumstances:
Air Ontario Flight 1363, a Fokker F-28 jet, crashed during takeoff from Dryden Municipal Airport, Ontario, Canada. Of the 69 persons on board, 24 suffered fatal injuries. The aircraft in question, registration C-FONF, had suffered from a malfunctioning auxiliary power unit (APU) for the five days preceding the accident. Throughout the week preceding March 10, Air Ontario maintenance attempted, with limited success, to cure the APU problems. On March 9 it was decided to defer the repair of the APU until the aircraft returned to Toronto on the night of March 10. This meant that the aircraft was dispatched with the APU inoperable. On the morning of March 10, C-FONF departed Winnipeg on a round trip flight to Dryden, Thunder Bay and back as flight 1362/3. Since no external power unit was available at Dryden, the engines couldn't be restarted in case of engine shutdown on the ground. The flight to Thunder Bay was uneventful apart from a slight delay due to poor weather at Thunder Bay. As the aircraft was prepared for the return flight, it appeared that the aircraft was overweight as a result of ten additional passengers having transferred to the flight due to an earlier cancellation. The Air Ontario duty manager decided to off-load fuel and to arrange refuelling at Dryden. This caused an additional delay of 35 minutes. The Fokker F-28 departed Thunder Bay at 11:55 hours EST, about one hour behind schedule. The aircraft landed at Dryden at 11:39 hours CST. It began to snow lightly when the aircraft landed. Between 11:40 and 12:01, Air Ontario 1363 was refuelled with the right engine operating and with the passengers remaining on board the aircraft. This so called 'hot refuelling' procedure was followed because the APU was unserviceable. Eight passengers deplaned in Dryden and seven passengers boarded the aircraft. Meanwhile, snow was accumulating on the wings, forming a layer of 1/8-1/4 inch. No de-icing was done because de-icing with either engine running was prohibited by both Fokker and Air Ontario. The aircraft then taxied to runway 29 for departure, but was instructed to hold as there was a Cessna 150 on approach. The snow was continuing to fall heavily, becoming increasingly thick on the wings. At 12:09 the aircraft started it's takeoff roll on the slush-covered runway 29. There was an accumulation of at least one-half inch of wet, layered snow on the wings of the F-28 as it began its takeoff roll. After a longer than normal takeoff roll, the aircraft was rotated near taxiway Alpha, at approximately the 3500 foot mark. The aircraft lifted off slightly, began to shudder, and then settled back down onto the runway. The takeoff roll then continued and the aircraft was rotated a second time, finally lifting off at approximately the 5700 mark of the 6000 foot runway. It flew over the end of the runway approximately 15 feet above the ground. It thereafter failed to gain altitude and mushed through the air in a nose-high attitude, before commencing to strike trees. The aircraft crashed and came to rest in a wooded area, 3156 feet past the runway end and caught fire.
Probable cause:
The captain, as the pilot-in-command, must bear responsibility for the decision to land and take off in Dryden on the day in question. However, it is equally clear that the air transportation system failed him by allowing him to be placed in a situation where he did not have all the necessary tools that should have supported him in making the proper decision.
Final Report: