Crash of a Lockheed C-121C Super Constellation in Dhahran: 12 killed

Date & Time: Dec 31, 1956 at 0004 LT
Operator:
Registration:
54-0165
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Charleston – Hamilton – Horta – Lisbon – Tripoli – Dhahran
MSN:
4184
YOM:
1954
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
7
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
31
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
12
Captain / Total flying hours:
7297
Captain / Total hours on type:
282.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
2191
Copilot / Total hours on type:
926
Circumstances:
The four engine aircraft was performing a flight from Charleston to Dhahran, carrying high ranking officers from the US, Pakistan and Iranian Army. The approach to Dhahran was completed by night and marginal weather conditions. Just past midnight, the aircraft struck the ground and crashed one km short of runway. Twelve occupants were killed while 26 others were injured. The aircraft was destroyed. At the time of the accident, there were scattered clouds with limited visibility. Six minutes prior to the accident, the visibility was estimated to three km with a northwest wind at 5 knots.
Probable cause:
The exact cause of the accident could not be determined with certainty. However, at the time of the accident, the Ground Controlled Approach (GCA) system was inoperative.

Crash of a Boeing KB-29P Superfortress near Talkeetna: 8 killed

Date & Time: Dec 26, 1956
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
44-84149
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Elmendorf – Eielson
Crew on board:
8
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
8
Circumstances:
Nineteen minutes after his departure from Elmendorf AFB, while cruising at an altitude of 4,200 feet, the crew contacted ATC when the airplane struck Mt Bald located about 11 miles east of Talkeetna. As the airplane was fully loaded with fuel, a huge explosion occurred on impact. The aircraft was destroyed and all eight crew members were killed.
Crew (508th Air Refueling Squadron):
1st Lt Thomas H. Patton, pilot,
2nd Lt James D. Dellinger, copilot,
1st Lt Lionel E. Reid, navigator,
1st Lt Luther G. Lamm,
M/Sgt Otto D. McAdams,
T/Sgt Thurman C. Rainer,
S/Sgt John B. Pyland,
A2c William P. Hodgson.

Crash of a De Havilland L-20A Beaver near Glossop: 2 killed

Date & Time: Dec 5, 1956
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
52-6145
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Sculthorpe – Burtonwood
MSN:
539
YOM:
1953
Region:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
1
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Circumstances:
While cruising in marginal weather conditions from RAF Sculthorpe to RAF Burtonwood, the single engine aircraft struck a hill located near Glossop and was destroyed upon impact. Both occupants were killed.
Crew:
1st Lt John Rossman Tinklepaugh.
Passenger:
1st Lt Guy B. Waller.
Probable cause:
The accident was the consequence of an ATC error as the aircraft was misidentified by a GCA controller at RAF Burtonwood and guided against the mountain.

Crash of a Boeing RB-52B-20-BO Stratofortress at Castle AFB: 10 killed

Date & Time: Nov 30, 1956 at 2200 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
52-8716
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Castle - Castle
MSN:
16844
YOM:
1952
Crew on board:
10
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
10
Circumstances:
Soon after a night takeoff from Castle AFB, while climbing to a height of 500 feet, the aircraft adopted a 5° nose down attitude. The crew elected to correct this but the aircraft went into a descent and struck the ground 4 miles north of the airbase and exploded on impact, killing all 10 crew members.
Crew:
Cpt John A. Goddard, aircraft commander,
Cpt Richard M. Wikstrom, pilot,
Cpt Leland Fulton Burch, navigator,
Maj Robert Louis Sherman, ECM operator
Cpt Jack Eugene Welch, radar-bombardier,
Maj Bryant Guernsey Gay, electronic counter measure operator,
T/Sgt William J. Maguire, radio operator,
Cpt Nick Sam Koss, radar-bombardier instructor,
Cpt Charles Warren Schweer, ECM instructor,
T/Sgt Gerald Everett Riley, tail gunner.
Probable cause:
No technical issues and no structural failure was found during investigations. It is believed the accident was the consequence of an uncontrolled descent caused either by a wrong maneuver on part of the pilot or due to the fact that they were distracted. Following this accident, it will be recommended that flaps could not be raised below a minimum altitude of 1,000 feet.

Crash of a Douglas C-124C Globemaster II in McMurdo Sound

Date & Time: Nov 28, 1956
Operator:
Registration:
52-1015
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
43924
YOM:
1952
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
14
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
On touchdown, the nose gear collapsed and the airplane came to halt on its nose. There were no casualties but the aircraft was considered as damaged beyond repair.
Probable cause:
Nose gear collapsed on landing.

Crash of an Aero Commander VL-26B-AD off Potomac Heights: 2 killed

Date & Time: Nov 18, 1956
Operator:
Registration:
55-4643
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
560-0261
YOM:
1955
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Circumstances:
Went out of control and crashed in unknown circumstances into the Potomac River off Potomac Heights, Maryland. A crew member was rescued while both other occupants were killed.

Crash of a Convair RB-36H-25-CF Peacemaker in Denver

Date & Time: Nov 15, 1956
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
51-13720
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Lowry - Ellsworth
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
17
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
Shortly after takeoff from Lowry AFB, while climbing, the aircraft suffered a loss of power on all engines. The captain decided to divert to the nearest Airport, Denver-Stapleton. On final, the airplane stalled and crashed in flames one mile short of runway 17 threshold. All 21 occupants escaped while the aircraft was destroyed by a post crash fire.
Probable cause:
Loss of engine power caused by a fuel starvation.

Crash of a Fairchild C-119G Flying Boxcar near Newburg: 4 killed

Date & Time: Oct 26, 1956 at 1518 LT
Operator:
Registration:
51-8026
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Sewart – Harrisburg
MSN:
10769
YOM:
1951
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
4
Circumstances:
The crew was performing a flight from Sewart AFB (Smyrna, Tennessee) to Harrisburg-Intl Airport (Olmsted AFB). After passing over Newburg, the crew did not realize his altitude was too low when the airplane struck the slope of a mountain located 7 miles north of the city. The aircraft was destroyed upon impact and all four crew members have been killed.

Crash of a De Havilland L-20A Beaver off Cubelles: 5 killed

Date & Time: Oct 22, 1956
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
4
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
5
Circumstances:
Crashed in unknown circumstances into the Mediterranean Sea off Cubelles while on a flight to Barcelona, carrying four passengers and a pilot. As the airplane failed to land in BCN in the evening, SAR operations were conducted and a wheel was found three days later but unfortunately, no trace of the five occupants.

Crash of a Douglas C-124C Globemaster II in Charleston: 3 killed

Date & Time: Oct 3, 1956 at 0721 LT
Operator:
Registration:
53-0033
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Lajes – Hamilton – Charleston
MSN:
44328
YOM:
1953
Crew on board:
9
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
1
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Circumstances:
The Douglas C-124 transport plane departed Lajes AFB, Azores on a flight across the Atlantic Ocean to Bermuda-Kindley Field (NWU). The airplane remained on the ground at Bermuda for two hours. It took off again at 01:50 EST, bound for Charleston AFB, SC (CHS). Over the Azalea intersection the pilot checked and was advised that Charleston weather had deteriorated rapidly, presently 15,000 ft broken, visibility 1/4 mile with ground fog. The captain decided enter a holding pattern over Charleston to wait for the sun to burn off the fog. At approximately 06:30 visibility had slightly increased to 1/2 mile in ground fog. Five minutes later a Delta Air Lines flight landed following an ILS approach. The captain decided to carry out a GCA approach and was cleared for this at 06:35. The descent and final approach were normal until just prior to or reaching GCA minimums. At this time the aircraft got too low and clipped the tops of trees that stood about 68 feet above the ground. This caused a fast torque drop and subsequent loss of the no. 3 engine. The co-pilot then declared an emergency. The propeller of engine no.3 was feathered, the flaps were retracted, and an attempt as made to raise the landing gear. Indications were that the right main gear did not retract, and there was damage to the underside of the aircraft. Prior to the emergency the navigator had been asleep (the crew had been on duty for nearly 20 hours). Thus, he had not been monitoring the approach with radar. Also, he made no attempt to assist with dead reckoning, or in any other way to prevent the pilot from becoming lost. At 06:48, the crew became uncertain of their position. They flew for the next 33 minutes in the vicinity of Charleston AFB, at an altitude of only 800 to 1000 feet, because the aircraft would climb no higher even with max power. The aircraft was lost from GCA search radar, apparently due to the low altitude. The passenger and two crew members were killed while seven other occupants were injured.
Probable cause:
The primary cause of this accident was due to Operator Error in that the pilot descended below minimums in such a manner that the aircraft struck trees, and subsequently became doubtful of his position to the point of being lost due to failure to use all approach and navigational aids which further compounded his emergency. Although it is primarily the responsibility of the aircraft commander for the safe conduce of flight, it is also the duty and responsibility of the co-pilot to advise the pilot in sufficient time, prior to reaching minimums or a dangerous condition to allow him to check the rate of descent so as not to descend below minimums or hit the ground or obstructions. The pilot failed to adequately brief the flight crew for the type of approach to be made and missed approach procedures for that particular approach.