Crash of a Lockheed L-1049H Super Constellation in Miami: 9 killed

Date & Time: Dec 15, 1973 at 2353 LT
Registration:
N6917C
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Miami - Caracas
MSN:
4815
YOM:
1957
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
9
Captain / Total flying hours:
11550
Captain / Total hours on type:
1087.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
2500
Copilot / Total hours on type:
650
Aircraft flight hours:
28905
Circumstances:
A Lockheed L-1049H Super Constellation, N6917C, was destroyed when it crashed shortly after takeoff from Miami International Airport, FL (MIA). All three crew members were killed. The airplane struck several houses as it came down, killing six people on the ground. The airplane was carrying a cargo of Christmas trees to Venezuela. The main cabin was completely filled with trees. Bundles of trees were also loaded into the forward and aft belly compartments. Departure time was planned at 14:15 but the flight engineer noted that the aircraft's batteries were missing. After replacement batteries were purchased, charged , and installed in the aircraft, the three-member crew began preparing for departure. At 22:56, after overcoming some difficulty starting the engines, the flight contacted Miami Ground Control (GC) and requested taxi clearance. N6917C was cleared to taxi to runway 09L and an en route clearance was given to the crew at 23:07. The airplane proceeded to the ramp adjacent to runway 09L and remained there until 23:22. The crew then advise the tower that they would like to return to the ramp. The crew requested some assistance because they couldn't properly close the crew compartment door. At 23:41, the crew re-established radio contact with Miami GC, and the flight was cleared to taxi back to runway 09L. At 23:51, upon clearance, a rolling takeoff was started. According to tower controllers, the aircraft became airborne abruptly 4,800 feet from the start of the takeoff, and it assumed an unusually nose-high attitude of 20-30 degrees nose up. It reached an altitude of 100-120 feet before it began to lose altitude. After striking high tension wires and a tree, the aircraft crashed into a parking lot, after which it collided with several homes and other property before stopping.
Probable cause:
Over rotation of the aircraft at lift-off resulting in flight in the aerodynamic region of reversed command, near the stall regime, and at too low an altitude to effect recovery. The reasons for the aircraft's entering this adverse flight condition could not be determined. Factors which may have contributed to the accident include: (a) improper cargo loading; (b) a rearward movement of unsecured cargo resulting in a shift of the center of gravity aft of the allowable limit and (c) deficient crew coordination.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas C-47-DL in Canaima: 34 killed

Date & Time: Aug 27, 1972
Operator:
Registration:
YV-C-AKE
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Canaima - Caracas
MSN:
4705
YOM:
1942
Country:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
31
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
34
Circumstances:
Shortly after takeoff from Canaima Airport, while climbing, the left engine failed. The crew decided to return for an emergency when on final, the airplane stalled and crashed few km from the airfield. None of the 34 occupants survived the crash.
Probable cause:
Failure of the left engine after takeoff for undetermined reason.

Crash of a Curtiss C-46F-1-CU Commando in San Fernando de Apure: 2 killed

Date & Time: Apr 6, 1972
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
YV-C-EVF
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
San Fernando de Apure - Caracas
MSN:
22577
YOM:
1945
Country:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Circumstances:
Shortly after takeoff, while in initial climb, the aircraft went out of control and crashed. Both pilots were killed.

Crash of a Vickers 749 Viscount near Mérida: 13 killed

Date & Time: Jan 25, 1971 at 1145 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
YV-C-AMV
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Schedule:
Mérida – Caracas
MSN:
94
YOM:
1956
Flight number:
LV359
Location:
Country:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
43
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
13
Circumstances:
Seven minutes after its takeoff from Mérida-Alberto Carnevalli Airport, while climbing, the airplane struck trees and crashed in a wooded area located on Mt Paramo Los Conejos, about 17 km north of the airfield. 13 occupants were killed, among them a crew member, while 34 other occupants were injured.

Crash of a Curtiss C-46F-1-CU Commando in Saint Domingo

Date & Time: May 7, 1970
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
HI-170
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Santo Domingo - Caracas
MSN:
22392
YOM:
1945
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
During the takeoff roll, the crew encountered an unexpected situation and decided to abandon the take-off. An emergency braking procedure was initiated but unable to stop within the remaining distance, the airplane overran, lost its undercarriage and came to rest. While both crew members were uninjured, the aircraft was written off.
Probable cause:
Unknown technical problem necessitated a take-off interruption.

Crash of a Boeing 707-321B off Caracas: 51 killed

Date & Time: Dec 12, 1968 at 2202 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N494PA
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
New York - Caracas
MSN:
19696
YOM:
1968
Flight number:
PA217
Country:
Crew on board:
9
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
42
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
51
Captain / Total flying hours:
24000
Captain / Total hours on type:
6737.00
Circumstances:
Following an uneventful flight from New York-JFK, the crew started a night approach to Maiquetía-Simon Bolivar Airport in Caracas. On final, the airplane struck the water surface and crashed into the sea 18,4 km north offshore. Few debris were found floating on water and all 51 occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
It is believed that the crew suffered an optical illusion, confounding the lights of the city of Maiquetía with the airport lights. This probably engaged the crew in a premature descent, causing the aircraft to crash into the sea. The lack of visibility was a probable contributing factor.

Crash of a Boeing 707-328C on Mt La Soufrière: 63 killed

Date & Time: Mar 5, 1968 at 2032 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
F-BLCJ
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Santiago de Chile – Caracas – Pointe-à-Pitre – Lisbon – Paris
MSN:
19724
YOM:
1968
Flight number:
AF212
Country:
Crew on board:
11
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
52
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
63
Captain / Total flying hours:
18215
Captain / Total hours on type:
4415.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
4737
Copilot / Total hours on type:
1842
Aircraft flight hours:
46
Circumstances:
Air France Flight 212 was a scheduled service from Santiago (Chile) to Paris (France) with en route stops at Quito (Ecuador), Caracas (Venezuela), Pointe-à-Pitre (Guadeloupe) and Lisbon (Portugal). The flight was operated by a brand new Boeing 707, named "Château de Lavoûte-Polignac", which had just been delivered to Air France a month and a half before the accident. The aircraft took off from Caracas at 19:27 for an estimated one hour and eight-minute flight to Pointe-à-Pitre on the French Caribbean island of Guadeloupe. The aircraft climbed to a cruising altitude of FL330 and the flight crew contacted the Piarco FIR controller at approximately 19:53 hours. They reported flying at FL330 and estimating over Piarco at 20:00, over the OA reporting point at 20:09 and reaching Pointe-à-Pitre at 20:32. At approximately 20:09 the flight reported over OA and requested authorization to descend in five minutes time. Piarco cleared the flight to the Guadeloupe radio beacon at FL90 and asked it to report when leaving FL330 and when reaching FL150. At 20:14, three minutes sooner than planned, the crew reported leaving FL330. Seven minutes later they reported passing FL150. It was then cleared to contact the Guadeloupe ACC and was advised that an aircraft proceeding from Martinique to Guadeloupe was flying at FL80 and estimating Guadeloupe at 20:44 hours. About 20:24 the flight reached the cleared altitude of FL90. After several unsuccessful attempts the flight established radio contact with Pointe-à-Pitre Tower at 20:29. It was again cleared to FL90, given a QNH of 1016 mb and requested to report at FL90, or runway in sight. Following a different route than normal, the airplane passed a brightly lit town (Basse Terre) on the coast of Guadeloupe. The pilot-in-command probably erroneously believed that it was Pointe-à-Pitre and that he would reach Le Raizet Airport in approximately one minute. At 20:29:35 the crew replied that the aircraft was at FL90 and they estimated they would be over the airport in approximately 1-1,5 minute. Less than one minute later they reported seeing the airport and were cleared for a visual approach to runway 11. The aircraft then descended over mountainous terrain and passed Saint Claude at an altitude of approximately 4,400 ft. Flight 212 was observed to impact on the southern slope of La Découverte, the peak of the La Soufrière Volcano, at an elevation of 1,200 m (3,937 ft).
Probable cause:
The accident resulted from a visual approach procedure at night in which the descent as begun from a point which was incorrectly identified. For lack of sufficient evidence (flight recorder was not recovered, condition and location of wreckage), the Commission was not able to establish the sequence of events which led to this crew error.
Final Report:

Crash of a Canadair C-4-1 Argonaut off Caracas

Date & Time: Jul 6, 1962
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
YV-C-LBV
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Maiquetía - Maiquetía
MSN:
147
YOM:
1949
Country:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The crew departed Maiquetía-Simón Bolívar Airport for a local training flight. En route, all four engines stopped simultaneously. The pilot-in-command attempted to ditch the aircraft that crashed into the sea few km off shore. All three crew members were rescued while the aircraft was lost.
Probable cause:
Failure of all four engines due to a fuel exhaustion.

Crash of a Douglas C-47B-15-DK near Calabozo: 13 killed

Date & Time: Apr 28, 1960 at 0822 LT
Operator:
Registration:
YV-C-AFE
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Caracas – Calabozo – San Fernando – Puerto Paez – Puerto Ayacucho
MSN:
15353/26798
YOM:
1944
Country:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
10
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
13
Circumstances:
While on approach to Calabozo Airport, a Russian citizen went into the cockpit and apparently tried to hijack the airplane. Shortly later, he threw a grenade on the floor. When the explosion occurred, the airplane went out of control and crashed in flames about 15 km from the airport. The aircraft was destroyed and all 13 occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
The aircraft had been properly maintained and there was no evidence of any breakage or structural failure or mechanical failure or defective performance of any component prior to the explosion. The accident was caused by an exploding device.

Crash of a Lockheed L-1049E-55 Super Constellation off New York: 74 killed

Date & Time: Jun 20, 1956 at 0132 LT
Operator:
Registration:
YV-C-AMS
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
New York – Caracas
MSN:
4561
YOM:
1954
Flight number:
LV253
Crew on board:
10
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
64
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
74
Circumstances:
The four engine christened 'Rafael Urdaneta' departed New York-Idlewild Airport at 2306LT and proceeded to the south. One hour and twenty minutes later, while flying along the US coast, the crew contacted ground and received the permission to return to New York following the failure of the number two engine. The crew was unable to feather the propeller and the aircraft suffered severe vibrations. Ten minutes later, while the crew was trying to dump the fuel, a fire erupted. The aircraft went out of control, dove into the sea and crashed about 40 miles southeast of New York. The airplane disintegrated on impact and all 74 occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
Although the accident was observed by witnesses, its cause cannot be determined with absolute certainty. However, it would be logical to assume that the vibration which resulted from the loss of control of propeller no.2 caused one of the inside wing attachments to loosen or break at some point between the fuel tank and the dump chute at the symmetrical point of vibration (behind engine no.3).
Final Report: