Crash of a De Havilland DH.114 2D Heron off Barcelona: 16 killed

Date & Time: Apr 14, 1958 at 2107 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
EC-ANJ
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Zaragoza – Barcelona
MSN:
14113
YOM:
1957
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
14
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
16
Circumstances:
The Aviaco flight departed Zaragoza at 1919LT for a flight to Barcelona. At 2006LT the aircraft reported on a wide base leg and asked visibility data. Another aircraft (EC-AEJ) was ready for departure from Barcelona at that moment, but takeoff permission had been refused. When the Aviaco Heron reported 5 minutes away, the EC-AEJ aircraft was cleared for takeoff. Shortly thereafter both planes were flying at 150 m altitude on intersecting tracks. The Heron was forced to take a sudden avoidance manoeuvre and lost control. The plane crashed into the sea off Castelldefels and was lost. All 16 occupants have been killed.
Probable cause:
The fact that EC-AEJ was permitted to takeoff without the exact position of EC-ANJ being known. During avoidance action taken by EC-ANJ, loss of control occurred, and the aircraft fell into the sea.

Crash of a De Havilland DH.114 Heron 1B near Castrovillari: 3 killed

Date & Time: Feb 19, 1958 at 1850 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
G-APJS
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Bahrain – Athens – Rome – London
MSN:
14001
YOM:
1952
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Captain / Total hours on type:
2294.00
Circumstances:
The aircraft was on a ferry flight from Athens, Greece to Ciampino Airport, Rome - it was being transferred from Bahrain to England to be checked and to undergo certain modifications. It had departed Athens at 1407Z on an IFR flight plan and later reported that it expected to fly over Caraffa at 1730 and requested clearance to fly at a lower level. This clearance was not granted since the flight level requested was below the safety minimum for that route segment. There were no further contacts with the aircraft. It crashed between 1735Z and 1808Z on the southeast slope of Mt Scifarello at a height of approximately 1,730 metres (5 675 ft). The 3 crew aboard were killed and the aircraft was destroyed.
Probable cause:
The accident was caused by a navigational error. The following were contributing causes:
- The weather conditions encountered were worse than those forecast,
- The pilot had difficulty in receiving MF bearings,
- There was no anti-icing equipment on the wing surfaces.
Final Report:

Crash of a De Havilland DH.114 Heron 2D near Palma de Majorca: 4 killed

Date & Time: Nov 15, 1957 at 2008 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
EC-ANZ
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Barcelona – Palma de Majorque
MSN:
14117
YOM:
1957
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
4
Captain / Total flying hours:
1912
Captain / Total hours on type:
95.00
Aircraft flight hours:
465
Circumstances:
The aircraft was on a scheduled passenger transport flight between Barcelona and Palma, Majorca. It took off from Barcelona at 1919LT. At 2002LT it reported to the Palma, Majorca Area Control Centre that it was above the MJ radio beacon at flight level 60. It was cleared by the Centre for an ADF approach to the Son Bonet Airport and at 2008LT it hit a mountain located 14.5 km from the airport. The 2 crew members and the 2 passengers were killed, and the aircraft was completely destroyed.
Probable cause:
The exact cause of the accident could not be determined with certainty. However, ADF approach to Son Bonet Airport was cleared by Control Centre as no other aircraft was in flight at the time, and the aircraft was asked to report on starting its procedure turn, i. e. after 4 minutes on the outbound track. If the aircraft did actually reach flight level 60 above MJ, since it did not carry out the holding procedure it is impossible to determine its rate of descent during let-down. To perform such a manoeuvre - once the radio compass has indicated passage over the radio beacon - the pilot should adjust his directional gyro to the heading of 195" indicated on the aerodrome chart (see Figure 3). In other words, he should have placed his aircraft on the outbound track toward Palma Bay and maintained this heading during three minutes after which he should have taken a 240° heading during one minute and then reported his procedure turn to Control. Now if a line is drawn from the radio beacon MJ to the site of the accident, it will be seen that the direction of the line is 295°, i. e. that it forms an angle of 100° with the let-down heading (195°). It is possible, therefore, that in setting the directional gyro the pilot mistakenly added 100 degrees. The distance of 14.5 km corresponds approximately to the distance from the beacon of a procedure turn. The possibility of a 14-knot wind causing such a displacement in the track of the aircraft within such a short period of time must be ruled out. Poor weather conditions and the rainfall prevailing at the time of the accident, coupled with the turbulence reported to EC-AHI on the Barcelona-Palma route might have influenced a pilot whose experience was limited.
Final Report:

Crash of a De Havilland DH.114 Heron 2D in San Sebastian

Date & Time: Oct 26, 1957
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
EC-AOA
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Madrid – San Sebastian
MSN:
14120
YOM:
1957
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
17
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
2500
Captain / Total hours on type:
15.00
Circumstances:
EC-AOA departed Barajas Airport, Madrid, on the morning of 26 October on a scheduled passenger transport flight to San Sebastian-Fuenterrabia Airport. Brake failure occurred on landing and the aircraft left the field and fell into a slough in the estuary of the Bidassoa River, approximately 20 metres from the airport limits. As a result of the accident, a passenger suffered a fractured arm, and two other passengers were slightly injured. The remaining 14 passengers and the crew were uninjured. The aircraft was destroyed.
Probable cause:
The total discharge of the air system bottles, owing to the internal leak in the landing gear selector, prevented brake functioning.
Final Report:

Crash of a De Havilland DH.114 Heron 1B in Port Ellen: 3 killed

Date & Time: Sep 28, 1957
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
G-AOFY
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Glasgow - Port Ellen
MSN:
14099
YOM:
1956
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
1
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Circumstances:
The four engine aircraft departed Glasgow Airport with a crew of two and a doctor who were flying to Port Ellen to pick up a patient. The approach to Port Ellen was started by night and marginal weather conditions. While making a turn to join the runway path, the airplane struck the ground with its left wing, cartwheeled and crashed. All three occupants were killed and the aircraft was destroyed.
Probable cause:
The pilot did not appreciate that the aircraft had rapidly lost height whilst he was making a visual half circuit to land. This could not have been due to the absence of sufficient visual reference in the prevailing conditions of darkness, very low cloud and drizzle. The urgent nature of the flight is considered to have influenced the pilot's decision to land.

Crash of a De Havilland DH.114 Heron 2N on Mt Hummelfjell: 2 killed

Date & Time: Nov 7, 1956 at 0950 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
LN-SUR
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Schedule:
Trondheim – Oslo
MSN:
14093
YOM:
1956
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
10
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Circumstances:
The aircraft departed Vaernes Airport, Trondheim, at 0830LT on a scheduled flight to Oslo, carrrying a crew of two and ten passengers. The aircraft entered clouds at 2,500 feet right after take-off and did not have visual contact with the ground thereafter. The copilot later stated that between Vaernes and Tolga when the aircraft reached cruising altitude, normal cruise power was set up but the resultant indicated airspeed was 20 knots below normal. The aircraft reported that at 0912 hours it had passed Tolga radio beacon at 8 000 feet (2,438 m), and that it was experiencing light icing. This was the last radio contact with the aircraft. From this point on it appears that the icing increased rapidly and the aircraft started to lose altitude, even though the de-icing system for wing and tail planes was in use. At 0925 hours it was decided to return to Vaernes Airport.The aircraft, when approximately abeam Tolga and to the east, altered its course 25 to 30 degrees northeast. This maneuver, carried out by the captain, was interpreted by the co-pilot to mean that he had decided to divert to Rhos. The controls were taken over by the copilot while the captain continued to try to establish radio contact with the ground on frequency 126,7 mc/s. No signals were picked up. At approximately 0950 hours the aircraft hit Hummelfjell at a height of approximately 1,350 metres. At the time of the crash the aircraft was in heavy fog, with cockpit window covered with ice to an extent which drastically reduced the crew's visibility. The force of the impact was somewhat reduced in that the aircraft touched down in a bowl in the terrain and made two bounces on the snow, which covered the mountain to a depth of 40 cm, before settling down. The captain and one passenger died instantly.
Probable cause:
The accident was due to the unusually heavy icing which the aircraft encountered. Severe downdraft immediately prior to the crash may have been a contributing factor.
Final Report:

Crash of a De Havilland DH.114 Heron 1B on Mt Koupé: 12 killed

Date & Time: Apr 18, 1955
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
F-BGOI
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Yaoundé – Douala
MSN:
14010
YOM:
1953
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
9
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
12
Circumstances:
The four engine aircraft left Yaoundé at 1658LT four a short flight to Douala, ETA 1730LT. While cruising in marginal weather conditions, the aircraft hit the slope of Mt Koupé (2,064 meters high) located about 80 km north of Douala. As the airplane failed to arrive, SAR operations were conducted but eventually suspended few days later as no trace of the aircraft nor the 12 occupants was found. On 19 February 1956, walkers found the wreckage in a dense wooded area on Mt Koupé.
Probable cause:
The accident seems to be the consequence of a controlled flight into terrain. Nevertheless, investigations were unable to determine the exact cause of the accident and the reason why the flight was off course to the north as the aircraft crashed 80 km north of Douala on a flight from the east.

Crash of a De Havilland DH.114 Heron 1B in Itapebi

Date & Time: Mar 27, 1953
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
PP-SLG
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
14004
YOM:
1952
Location:
Country:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
12
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
During the takeoff roll, the pilot-in-command noted a loss of power on engine number two and decided to abandon the takeoff procedure and started an emergency braking maneuver. Unable to stop within the remaining distance, the four engine aircraft overran, lost its undercarriage and came to rest few dozen yards further. All 14 occupants were evacuated safely while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.
Probable cause:
The exact cause of the loss of power on engine number two could not be determined with certainty. However, it was reported that the decision of the captain to abandon the takeoff was against the published procedures as the loss of power occurred after the airplane reached VR (rotation speed) and thus, should continue the takeoff maneuver with three engines.