Takeoff (climb)

Charter/Taxi (Non Scheduled Revenue Flight)

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

Puerto Montt-Marcel Marchant (La Paloma)

Schedule:

Puerto Montt - Melinka

MSN:

U-145

YOM:

1971

Location:

Región de Los Lagos

Country:

Chile

Region:

South America

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Captain / Total flying hours:

17145

Captain / Total hours on type:

563.00

Circumstances:

Shortly after take off, while in initial climb, the pilot declared an emergency after the left engine cowling accidentally opened. He decided to return for an emergency landing and completed a turn. While on final, the pilot elected to maintain 200 feet but the aircraft stalled and crashed 1,500 metres short of runway 01. The aircraft was totally destroyed and all nine occupants were killed.

Probable cause:

Operational error of the pilot in command by not applying normal approach procedures recommended by the manufacturer and loss control of the aircraft (stall) while returning to land with the left engine cowling open.
The following contributing factors were identified:
- During the preflight inspection, the pilot failed to detect that the left engine cowling was unlatched,
- Return with the intention of landing with a speed very close to the stall speed, possibly to avoid the detachment of the engine cowling due to the wind force,
- Probable increased stall speed by altering the left wing aerodynamics due to the engine open cowl,
- Not having high enough altitude to recover from a stall condition,
- Possible decreased physiological capabilities of the commander of the aircraft, due to the presence of alcohol in his system,
- Possible pilot distraction due to weather conditions and the opening of the engine cowling.

Final Report:

Crash of a Let L-410UVP-E9 in Kichwa Tembo

Date & Time: Jul 10, 2008 at 0820 LT

Type of aircraft:

Let L-410

Operator:

Registration:

5Y-VVB

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Scheduled Revenue Flight

Survivors:

Site:

MSN:

96 27 04

YOM:

1996

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Circumstances:

During the takeoff roll, the copilot noticed abnormal parameters on the right engine and a possible failure. The captain confirmed and rejected the take off procedure. The twin engine aircraft was unable to stop within the remaining runway 08, overran, collided with a termite mound and came to rest 140 metres further on. All 13 occupants escaped uninjured while the aircraft was damaged beyond economical repair.

Crash of a Boeing 747-209BSF in Bogotá: 2 killed

Date & Time: Jul 7, 2008 at 0352 LT

Type of aircraft:

Boeing 747-200

Operator:

Registration:

N714CK

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

Schedule:

Bogotá – Miami

MSN:

22446/519

YOM:

1981

Location:

Bogotá-El Dorado

Bogotá Capital District

Country:

Colombia

Region:

South America

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Captain / Total flying hours:

8874

Captain / Total hours on type:

2874.00

Copilot / Total flying hours:

11373

Copilot / Total hours on type:

2853

Aircraft flight hours:

90613

Circumstances:

Shortly after take off from Bogotá-El Dorado Airport, while climbing by night, the crew informed ATC about engine problems and was cleared for an immediate return. After the crew realized he could not make it, he attempted an emergency landing when the aircraft collided with a farm and crashed in an open field. While all 8 crew members were injured (five seriously), two people in the farm were killed. The aircraft was totally destroyed by impact forces.

Probable cause:

The inability of the accident aircraft to maintain flight after the loss of power of two engines.
The following contributing factors were identified:
A non-recoverable surge on the engine n°4 during the rotation, resulting in a loss of engine power. Contributing to the surge were the combined effects of the inefficient high pressure turbine, excessive blade-tip clearance, reduced cord of the fan blades and of the leading edges and the effects of high altitude. An undetermined anomaly in the engine n°1, which manifested itself during the extra power, resulted in loss of engine power. Contributing to the loss of engine power was inadequate n°1 operation to maintain the proper speed during the ascent of the aircraft, resulting in extra power use and, in turn, exposing the anomaly of the engine.

Final Report:

Explosion of a Tupolev TU-154M in Saint Petersburg

Date & Time: Jun 30, 2008 at 1548 LT

Type of aircraft:

Tupolev TU-154

Operator:

Registration:

RA-85667

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Scheduled Revenue Flight

Survivors:

Site:

Schedule:

Saint Petersburg - Moscow

MSN:

89A825

YOM:

1989

Location:

Saint Petersburg-Pulkovo

Leningrad oblast

Country:

Russia

Region:

Asia

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

103

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Circumstances:

During the takeoff roll, at a speed of 32 knots, the engine n°1 (a Soloviev D-30KU-154-II) exploded. The crew abandoned the takeoff procedure and started an emergency braking manoeuvre. The aircraft was stopped on the main runway and all 112 occupants evacuated safely. The aircraft was considered as damaged beyond repair as several compressor elements punctured the engine n°1 nacelle, hit the fuselage and n°2 engine structure. A fire erupted on the left engine and destroyed the nacelle and a part of APU as well.

Probable cause:

Left engine compressor disintegration during the takeoff roll.

Crash of an Ilyushin II-76TD in Khartoum: 4 killed

Date & Time: Jun 30, 2008 at 0700 LT

Type of aircraft:

Ilyushin II-76

Operator:

Registration:

ST-WTB

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

Schedule:

Khartoum – Juba

MSN:

10034 99994

YOM:

1990

Flight number:

BBE700

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Captain / Total flying hours:

15634

Captain / Total hours on type:

4794.00

Circumstances:

The aircraft was cleared for takeoff and began its departure roll with flaps retracted, according to flight data recorder. The aircraft rotated at 280 kph (151 knots) and became airborne at 288 kph (155 knots) at an angle of attack of about 8-9 degrees. Tyre marks on the runway showed, that the aircraft had gone past the end of the runway, the main tyres had impacted runway end lights and the tyre tracks continued past the paved surface of the stopway. Climbing through 15 feet the pilot flying commanded the gear up and increased the pitch angle, the angle of attack increased to more than 10 degrees while the gear doors opened for gear retraction increasing the drag of the aircraft, which began to slow, the speed reduced to 305 kph (164 knots), stall speed for the takeoff weight, and the left wing began to stall, the angle of attack increased to 17 degrees, the aircraft at a height of 5-7 meters/15-23 feet. The pilot flying tried to counteract the roll to the left by fully applying left aileron which also deployed the right wing spoilers, right rudder input was provided. The pilot flying instructed the flight engineer to NOT retract flaps indicative neither pilot was aware the flaps were up. Following that instruction the flight engineer selected the flaps down, the aircraft speed was 300 kph (162 knots) and the aircraft in an unrecoverable stall with no height left. The left hand wing struck a high voltage mast about 1200 meters past the runway end at a height of 5.4 meters (18 feet) shearing off the left wing tip, contacted the flag post at the entrance of the Green Square, the left wing contacted the stem of a tree at a height of about 40 cm (1.3 feet) separating the ailerons and causing fuel spilling from the left wing, the aircraft broke through the eastern brick wall of Green Square, collided with two more electric poles causing engine #4 to separate 1504 meters from the end of the runway and impacted ground at 30 degrees nose down, 30 degrees left bank. Debris was distributed over a length of more than 500 meters, the aircraft burst into flames. All 4 crew perished in the crash, 4 people on the ground received serious, 3 more received minor injuries.

Probable cause:

The following findings were identified:
- From the CVR recording it appeared that no checklist had been used during all phases from engine start up, taxiing and take off,
- Ababeel company does not keep any records or files regarding the crew flying experience. They joined the company about four months before the accident,
- Engine n°1 showed only 96.2% N1 and thus delivered less thrust than the other three engines,
- Engine n°4 showed a 30° higher EGT than the other engines indicating that the engine was not in a satisfactory condition requiring the temperature limiter to be switched off to enable the engine to deliver the thrust needed,
- According to the FCOM the aircraft would need 2,850 meters takeoff distance at 188 tons takeoff weight with flaps at 30° and slats at 14°. As the crew did not use the checklists, either they were used to extend the flaps and slats after the aircraft gained certain speed and their attention was being drawn by monitoring the engine which the navigator asked about or another serious defect or they forgot to extend the flaps due to fatigue caused by alcohol consumption by the flight engineer and short periods of rest for the first officer. The clean aircraft lift off after rolling for a distance of 2,380 meters for take off which was a very short distance for such weight and temperature of 27°. Retracting of landing gear immediately within lift-off increased drag before the aircraft gained positive lift,
- the aircraft never climbed above 7 meters (23 feet) above ground,
- the aircraft had an automatic configuration warning which would activate at 70 +/- 15 kph, if the flaps were not extended. This system however could be switched off, or might have been malfunctioning, it did not activate during the takeoff run.

Crash of a Lockheed C-130H Hercules in Baghdad

Date & Time: Jun 27, 2008 at 1235 LT

Type of aircraft:

Lockheed C-130 Hercules

Operator:

Registration:

86-0412

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Military

Survivors:

Site:

MSN:

5098

YOM:

1987

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Circumstances:

The four engine aircraft departed Baghdad Airport on a support mission, carrying 32 passengers and a crew of six. Sixty seconds after takeoff, while climbing to a height of 313 feet and at a speed of 163 knots, the airplane's defensive system activated. The pilot reacted in accordance with applicable directives and after reacting to the defensive alert, the crew realized that all three engines n°1, 3 and 4 lost 60% of power. The crew attempted an emergency landing in an open field located 7,5 km north of the airport. The aircraft was damaged beyond repair and all 38 occupants escaped uninjured. U.S. Air Force Maintenance and Explosive Ordnance Disposal personnel from the 447th Air Expeditionary Group were called in. They placed explosive charges on the plane and blew up the Hercules on July 7.

Probable cause:

The Board President could not find clear and convincing evidence to determine the exact cause of the engine power loss. He did find evidence to conclude that several factors combined to significantly contribute to the Mishap Airplane (MA) landing partially gear down. Specifically, a defensive system alert, the aircraft's low altitude and airspeed at the time of the malfunction, and the decision to respond to the alert at low altitude and airspeed combined to result in the MA landing partially gear down. All MA systems and performance were normal prior to the defensive system alert. An undetermined malfunction occurred during the defensive reaction that caused three of the MA's four engines to stabilize at an RPM (60%) which was not sufficient to maintain flight and the low altitude and airspeed at the time of the malfunction limited the time available for situation analysis and recovery. The Mishap Crew (MC) had never been exposed to a loss of three or four engines on takeoff in the C-130H2 simulator which resulted in an emergency situation the MC had not seen before at a low altitude and airspeed. Checklist actions taken by the MC did not recover the engines and the Mishap Pilot (MP) appropriately performed a limited power, controlled descent, and forced landing resulting in only minor injuries.

Crash of a PZL-Mielec AN-2 in Krems

Date & Time: Jun 21, 2008 at 1200 LT

Type of aircraft:

PZL-Mielec AN-2

Operator:

Air Patrol

Registration:

HA-MBC

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Training

Survivors:

Site:

De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter

Schedule:

Krems - Krems

MSN:

1G161-08

YOM:

1975

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Circumstances:

Shortly after take off from Krems-Langenlois Airport, the single engine airplane encountered difficulties to gain height. Both right wings struck a tree and the aircraft crashed in an open field located about 200 metres from the runway. The aircraft was damaged beyond repair while all 12 skydivers and the pilot escaped uninjured.

Probable cause:

Loss of control at lift off because the CofG was after the rear limit due to a poor flight preparation and a wrong seating of the skydivers and their equipment in the main cabin.

Crash of a De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter 100 in Hyannis: 1 killed

Date & Time: Jun 18, 2008 at 1001 LT

Type of aircraft:

Operator:

Registration:

N656WA

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

Schedule:

Hyannis - Nantucket

MSN:

YOM:

1967

Flight number:

WIG6601

Location:

Hyannis-Barnstable

Massachusetts

Country:

United States of America

Region:

North America

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Captain / Total flying hours:

3607

Captain / Total hours on type:

99.00

Aircraft flight hours:

38185

Circumstances:

The pilot contacted air traffic control and requested clearance to taxi for departure approximately an hour after the scheduled departure time. About 4 minutes later, the flight
was cleared for takeoff. A witness observed the airplane as it taxied, and found it strange that the airplane did not stop and "rev up" its engines before takeoff. Instead, the airplane taxied into the runway and proceeded with the takeoff without stopping. The airplane took off quickly, within 100 yards of beginning the takeoff roll, became airborne, and entered a steep left bank. The bank steepened, and the airplane descended and impacted the ground. Post accident examination of the wreckage revealed that the pilot's four-point restraint was not fastened and that at least a portion of the cockpit flight control lock remained installed on the control column. One of the pre-takeoff checklist items was, "Flight controls - Unlocked - Full travel." The airplane was not equipped with a control lock design, which, according to the airframe manufacturer's previously issued service bulletins, would "minimize the possibility of the aircraft becoming airborne when take off is attempted with flight control locks inadvertently installed." In 1990, Transport Canada issued an airworthiness directive to ensure mandatory compliance with the service bulletins; however, the Federal Aviation Administration did not follow with a similar airworthiness directive until after the accident.

Probable cause:

The pilot's failure to remove the flight control lock prior to takeoff. Contributing to the accident was the Federal Aviation Administration's failure to issue an airworthiness directive making the manufacturer's previously-issued flight control lock service bulletins mandatory.

Final Report:

Crash of a Learjet 35A in Kisangani

Date & Time: Jun 12, 2008 at 1245 LT

Type of aircraft:

Learjet 35

Operator:

Registration:

D-CFAI

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site: