Crash of a Boeing 707-366C in Geneva

Date & Time: Oct 17, 1982 at 1220 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
SU-APE
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Cairo - Geneva - Zurich
MSN:
20342
YOM:
1970
Flight number:
MS771
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
10
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
174
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
12564
Captain / Total hours on type:
4239.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
3000
Copilot / Total hours on type:
350
Aircraft flight hours:
39002
Circumstances:
The four engine aircraft was performing a schedule service MS771 from Cairo to Zurich with an intermediate stop in Geneva, carrying 174 passengers and a crew of 10. Following an uneventful flight from Cairo-Intl, the crew was cleared to descent for an ILS approach to Geneva-Cointrin Airport runway 23. On short final, the captain failed to realize his altitude was insufficient when the right main gear struck an ILS antenna. Few seconds later, the airplane landed 35 meters short of runway threshold. While contacting the concrete runway, all three landing gear were torn off. The airplane slid on its belly for about 900 meters then made a left turn and lost its right wing before coming to rest. A fire erupted on the right side of the airplane but was quickly extinguished. All 184 occupants were evacuated, two passengers were seriously injured during the evacuation. The aircraft was destroyed.
Probable cause:
The accident was the consequence of the followings:
- Lack of decision on part of the pilot-in-command (captain) who failed to initiate a go-around procedure following a wrong approach configuration after the aircraft passed below 1,000 feet or at least after passing over the outer marker,
- Insufficient work coordination in the cockpit, after the crew failed to follow the approach checklist and all instructions relative to approach and landing controls, lack of a clear distribution of tasks as well as surveillance and mutual assistance (doublecheck / crosscheck),
- Stubbornness to land once the ground in sight despite a wrong approach configuration (airbrakes deployed) with an excessive rate of descent.
The following contributing factors were reported:
- Omission of a correct approach and landing planing,
- Late increase of engine power during the last portion of the approach,
- A possible inadvertent deployment of the interior airbrakes shortly before impact.
Final Report:

Crash of a Piper PA-31P-425 Navajo in Sion: 2 killed

Date & Time: Apr 11, 1980 at 1513 LT
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
D-IHRK
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Geneva - Sion
MSN:
31P-7300137
YOM:
1973
Location:
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
1
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Captain / Total hours on type:
100.00
Circumstances:
On final approach to Sion Airport runway 26, the pilot maintained radio contacts with ATC and all seems normal on board. At low height and low speed, the airplane banked left then right, went out of control and crashed in flames in a road located in the center of the city. The airplane as well as several cars were destroyed. Few buildings were damaged. Both occupants were killed while no one on the ground was injured.
Probable cause:
It was determined that the left engine was running abnormally fast at the time of impact while the right engine was in idle. No technical issue was found on the engines and it is believed that the pilot made a mistake during the approach by unintentionally shutting off the fuel supply to the right engine. This caused the aircraft to become unstable and the pilot was unable to correct the situation.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas DC-8-62 in Athens: 14 killed

Date & Time: Oct 7, 1979 at 2116 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
HB-IDE
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Zurich – Geneva – Athens – Bombay – Beijing
MSN:
45919/312
YOM:
1967
Flight number:
SR316
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
10
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
144
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
14
Captain / Total flying hours:
8988
Captain / Total hours on type:
2637.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
3817
Copilot / Total hours on type:
805
Aircraft flight hours:
46418
Aircraft flight cycles:
16609
Circumstances:
The approach to runway 15L was unstable. At an excessive speed of 150 knots, the four engine airplane landed about 800-900 meters down the runway 15L, on a wet surface. The crew failed to use all available braking systems and unable to stop within the remaining distance, the airplane overran at a speed of 40 knots, went through a perimeter fence and descended a ravine before coming to rest in flames. 20 passengers were injured while 120 other occupants escaped uninjured. Unfortunately, 14 passengers were killed. The aircraft was totally destroyed by a post crash fire.
Probable cause:
It was determined that the accident was the consequence of a succession of errors on part of the flying crew, among them:
- The aircraft was unstable on final approach,
- The crew landed too far down the runway with a touchdown point estimated 800 to 900 meters past the runway threshold,
- The aircraft's speed at touchdown was excessive (150 knots),
- The crew failed to apply brakes according to published procedures, especially the wheel brakes in known adverse weather conditions,
- Wrong approach configuration,
- The crew has been informed prior to landing that the braking coefficient was medium to poor,
- The runway surface was wet due to recent rain falls.

Crash of a Cessna 404 Titan I in Annemasse: 1 killed

Date & Time: Jun 11, 1979
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
HB-LKO
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Geneva - Annemasse
MSN:
404-0246
YOM:
1978
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Circumstances:
The pilot, sole on board, was completing a positioning flight from Geneva-Cointrin to Annemasse. On final approach in limited visibility, he failed to realize his altitude was too low when the airplane struck a building and crashed. The aircraft was destroyed and the pilot was killed.

Crash of a Sud-Aviation SE-210 Caravelle 10R off Funchal: 36 killed

Date & Time: Dec 18, 1977 at 2014 LT
Operator:
Registration:
HB-ICK
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Zurich – Geneva – Funchal
MSN:
200
YOM:
1965
Flight number:
VS730
Location:
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
52
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
36
Captain / Total flying hours:
8088
Captain / Total hours on type:
4968.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
3735
Copilot / Total hours on type:
3100
Aircraft flight hours:
21134
Aircraft flight cycles:
12767
Circumstances:
Flight VS730 was an international charter service from Zurich to Funchal with an intermediate stop at Geneva-Cointrin Airport, Switzerland. The flight crew consisted of two captain. A new captain was in the left-hand seat and was piloting the aircraft. The second captain who was seating in the right-hand seat was acting as pilot-in-command, pilot responsible for the initiation to Funchal, route check pilot and co-pilot. Initiation of the new captain was necessary because of the difficult approach and landing at Funchal. However, this initiation ought to have been made by day. The aircraft departed Geneva at 1626LT bound for Madeira Island. At 1938 the crew contacted Madeira control, reporting Rose Point at FL330; the aircraft was cleared to leave this flight level at 1941. The crew then asked for descent instructions and received clearance to descend to FL50; it was requested to contact control again when this level was reached or when overflying the Porto Santo (PST) NDB. At 1955 the crew reported being overhead the PST at FL85. The aircraft was instructed to continue its descent to FL50, then to contact Funchal approach control. At 1957 the crew contacted Funchal approach control, which stated that runway 06 was in service and cleared the aircraft to descend to 3,500 ft, the QNH being 1014.0 mb. After being cleared for the approach the crew descended below the 720 feet permitted during circling, even though they had lost sight of the runway. The pilots, had lost sight of the runway lights at the end of the downwind leg and at the beginning of the base leg, when the aircraft was already flying below 200 feet. The radio altimeter had probably been preset to 200 feet, but the pilots did not check its indications. The aircraft touched the water surface relatively smoothly in a flat attitude, bounced then touched the water surface two additional times and came to rest 4 km short of runway 06 threshold. The center of the fuselage fractured, causing water to enter the cabin. Few passengers were able to jump into water and the airplane sank by a depth of 600 metres two minutes after final impact. 17 bodies were never recovered as well as both CVR and VFR recording systems.
Probable cause:
The accident was caused by an involuntary ditching during the approach. The fact that the aircraft was flying below the descent plan may have been due to a lack of coordination between the pilots and a sensorial illusion on the part of the crew, when it was preoccupied with the search for visual runway references. The following findings were reported:
- The captain in the left seat did not have sufficient experience to land by night at Funchal Airport (this was his first flight to Funchal),
- Through good weather conditions, the crew continued the approach by attempting to establish a visual contact with the runway but without success,
- This caused the aircraft to pass the descent height and to continue the approach below the minimum prescribed altitude until it impacted water,
- A light signal activated on the cockpit panel but the crew failed to see it as he was trying to locate the runway,
- Lack of crew coordination,
- Sensorial illusion,
- A crew composed by two captains was dispatched on the flight. Experience shown that such crew composition was not the best as the captain who was seating in the right seat has too little experience as copilot and was flying as an acting captain instead of copilot,
- A possible malfunction of the altimeter was ruled out,
- All instruments were functioning properly at the time of the accident.
Final Report:

Crash of a Dornier DO.28A-1 in Vernier: 2 killed

Date & Time: Jan 11, 1975 at 0905 LT
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
EC-BNH
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Geneva - Sion
MSN:
3030
YOM:
1962
Location:
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Captain / Total flying hours:
3381
Captain / Total hours on type:
1.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
2990
Copilot / Total hours on type:
1400
Aircraft flight hours:
2530
Circumstances:
The twin engine airplane departed runway 23 at Geneva-Cointrin Airport at 0903LT. During initial climb in limited visibility due to foggy conditions, the crew encountered technical problems with instruments and the airplane completed several turns at a height between 10 and 40 meters. The crew spotted a building of nine floors and elected to make an evasive manoeuvre when the airplane stalled and crashed on a railway track located in Vernier, about three km from the airport. The accident occurred about two minutes after takeoff. At the time of the accident, the horizontal visibility was 500 meters, the vertical visibility 65 meters with a runway visual range of 750 meters for runway 23.
Probable cause:
Investigations determined that after departure, the pilots were confronted with various technical issues on several instruments. Indeed, the crew had started the flight under instrument flight rules but was forced to continue under VFR mode, which was impossible due to the lack of visibility caused by the presence of fog. The aircraft maintenance did not comply with the published requirements due to corrosion detected on the bearings of the electrical turn indicator that led to the assumption that this instrument was not working at takeoff, and probably for a long time. In addition, the artificial horizon was blocked at the time of impact and investigators believe that this instrument was partially deficient at the time of departure. The pilot-in-command accumulated 3,381 flight hours in total but had only 45 minutes of experience on this type of aircraft. The copilot had a total of 2,990 flying hours including 1,400 on type. Given the presence of fog, the pilot's lack of experience and the malfunctioning of two vital instruments, the crew should not have started the flight, especially since neither pilot had a valid license under IFR mode.
Final Report:

Crash of a Piper PA-31-310 Navajo in Geneva

Date & Time: Sep 16, 1971
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
HB-LFR
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Geneva - Geneva
MSN:
31-559
YOM:
1969
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The crew was engaged in a local training flight at Geneva-Cointrin Airport. After touchdown on runway 05, the twin engine aircraft went out of control, veered off runway to the right, crossed a taxiway and the apron until it came to rest in a work zone. Both pilots were injured and the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.
Probable cause:
It was determined that during an engine failure exercise, the crew voluntarily shut down an engine during final approach. The cause of the loss of control after touchdown could not be determined. Following this accident, the Federal Office for Civil Aviation (FOCA) decided to ban any engine shutdown in flight, even in the case of a training mission.

Crash of a Learjet 25 in Corban: 2 killed

Date & Time: Apr 17, 1969 at 0952 LT
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
N515VW
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Geneva - Basel
MSN:
25-013
YOM:
1968
Location:
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Captain / Total flying hours:
8500
Copilot / Total flying hours:
1350
Aircraft flight hours:
260
Circumstances:
While descending to Basel Airport in marginal weather conditions at an altitude of 2,000 feet, the crew informed ATC about navigation problems and requested the permission to climb to 3,500 feet over the Homburg beacon. Due to traffic, the crew was cleared to climb to 2,500 feet only when few dozen seconds later, the aircraft disappeared from radar screens. SAR operations were quickly conducted but the wreckage was found three days later, on April 20, by a farmer in an open field located in Corban, some 25 km south of Basel Airport. The aircraft was totally destroyed upon impact and both crew members were killed.
Probable cause:
The Commission has unanimously come to the conclusion that the accident was due to a collision with terrain that occurred during following a missed ILS approach procedure, interrupted due to difficulties of navigation.
Final Report:

Crash of an Aérospatiale Caravelle in Dürrenäsch: 80 killed

Date & Time: Sep 4, 1963 at 0622 LT
Operator:
Registration:
HB-ICV
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Zurich - Geneva - Rome
MSN:
147
YOM:
1962
Flight number:
SR306
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
6
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
74
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
80
Captain / Total flying hours:
7600
Captain / Total hours on type:
380.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
6000
Copilot / Total hours on type:
380
Aircraft flight hours:
3400
Aircraft flight cycles:
2900
Circumstances:
Flight SR-306 was a scheduled international flight from Zürich to Rome, with an intermediate stop at Geneva. Dense fog was existing at the time of departure and at 0600 hours the flight was informed that the RVR was 180 m for runway 34 and 60 m for runway 16, and that there was a light northerly wind (1 to 2 kt). At 0604 hours the flight was authorized to taxi to runway 34 behind an accompanying vehicle. At 0605 the crew reported that they will taxi half way down runway 34 to inspect the fog condition and then return to takeoff position. This was done, using at times considerable engine power probably in an attempt to disperse the fog: Around 0612 hours the aircraft was back to the threshold of runway 34 and permission to takeoff was granted. The flight took off at 0613 hours and started to climb to flight level 150, its cruising altitude. Four minutes later witnesses on the ground noticed a whitish trail of smoke on the left side of the aircraft and suddenly a long flame from the left wing-root. Around 0620 hours the aircraft reached an altitude of approximately 2700 m, it then began to lose height, entered a gentle left turn loosing height more rapidly and finally went into a steep dive. Parts of the aircraft became detached and at 0621 hours a "MAYDAY" message was received. At 0622 hours the aircraft crashed into the ground on the outskirts of Dürrenäsch, at an elevation of 559 m, approximately 35 km from Zürich-Kloten Airport. The aircraft disintegrated on impact, causing a huge crater at the point of impact and all 80 occupants were killed, among them 43 habitants of the small village of Humlikon (200 habitants in total). Farmers specialized in milk business, they were flying to Geneva to visit a milk-farm.
Probable cause:
The crash was due to the destruction of essential structural parts of the aircraft by a fire caused by overheating of the brakes during the taxiing phase.
Final Report:

Crash of a De Havilland DH.106 Comet 4C on Mt Matto: 18 killed

Date & Time: Mar 20, 1963 at 0323 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
SA-R-7
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Geneva – Nice
MSN:
6461
YOM:
1962
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
8
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
10
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
18
Circumstances:
The four engine aircraft was completing a flight from Geneva to Nice, carrying eight crew members and ten members of the Saudi Royal Family. While cruising by night above the Alps and along the border between France and Italy, the crew was in communication with ATC based in Aix-en-Provence and was instructed to descent to 10,000 feet when the airplane struck the slope of Mt Matto located 28 km southwest of Cuneo. The wreckage was found a day later and all 18 occupants have been killed.